准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区新近系沉积体系研究
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摘要
车排子凸起是准噶尔盆地的一个重要勘探区块,勘探实践表明,新近系沙湾组具有良好的油气成藏潜力。论文针对车排子地区新近系进行沉积体系研究,其中主要目的层段为沙湾组和塔西河组。论文以层序地层学、沉积学、石油地质学等理论为指导,结合野外露头资料、岩芯资料、地震资料、测井资料、录井资料等多种地质资料,运用构造、地质、测井、地震、层序、沉积等多种学科分析为手段,对车排子地区新近系进行了层序地层学、古物源、沉积体系等方面的研究。
对车排子地区新近系沙湾组和塔西河组进行了层序划分,识别出4个三级层序界面,划分出3个三级层序,其中层序Ⅰ对应沙湾组的沙一段,层序Ⅱ对应沙二段和沙三段,层序Ⅲ对应塔西河组;在层序划分的基础上,结合层序界面和体系域界面特征,对每个层序识别出低位域、湖侵域和高位域三个体系域。在此基础上,以体系域为基本单元,建立了车排子地区新近系沙湾组和塔西河组的等时层序地层格架。
应用地层沉积构造特征、砂岩成分成熟度分析等方法,确定了工区西北部的扎伊尔山北麓山前区为新近系物源的供给区。以现代沉积学理论为指导,以单井相分析、连井相分析、地震相分析、平面相分析为前提,结合物源分析、构造背景等资料,在车排子地区识别出两种沉积体系:辫状河三角洲体系和湖泊体系。辫状河三角洲体系在层序Ⅰ、层序Ⅱ的低位域和湖侵域时期发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,水下分流河道和河道间沉积为其主要微相;在层序Ⅱ高位域和层序Ⅲ地层则主要发育辫状河三角洲平原亚相,沉积辫状河道和冲积平原微相。湖泊体系主要发育滨浅湖亚相,滨浅湖泥沉积为其主要微相,其次滨浅湖为砂坝微相。详细论述了各体系域时期内两大体系的平面展布情况。建立了新近系沉积相发育模式。
Chepaizi salient is one of the important exploration blocks in Junggar Basin,the exploration and practice data show that there’s potentiality to find oil and gas fields in the Neogene Shawan Formation. This paper proposes the research of the depositional systems of the Neogene strata in Chepaizi area,and take the Shawan Fm and Taxihe Fm as the major target layer. Considering the guidance of theories of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, geology of petroleum and so on, including the information of field outcrop,rock core,seismic,well logging,mud logging and so on, we did a systematic research on sequence stratigraphy, sediment sources,depositional systems for Neogene strata in Chepaizi area. By the methods of structural geology and tectonics,geology,logging,seismic,sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology etc..
The Neogene Shawan Formation and Taxihe Formation in Chepaizi area was recognized four third order sequences interfaces and divided into three third order sequences,and the SQ1 corresponding to N1s1,the SQ2 corresponding to upper N1s2 and N1s3,the SQ3 corresponding to Taxihe Formation;On the basis of the sequence division,combined with sequence boundaries and systems tract boundaries characters,we recognized three systems tracts in every sequence,the result as follows:lowstand systems tract,transgressive systems tract,high systems tract. Then we established isochronous stratigraphic framework of N1s and N1t in Chepaizi area.
By using sedimentary tectonic features,maturity analysis of sandstone composition etc.,we found that the source area of northern foot of Mt Zaire is the source supply area of Neogene. Guiding with the theory of modern sedimentology,considering single well facies analysis,across-well analyses,seismic facies analysis,synthetic analyses of sedimentary facies and combined with provenance analysis,tectonic background ect., braided delta depositional system and lake system are recognized from Chepaizi area. At the period of lowstand systems tract and transgressive systems tract of the SQ1 and SQ2 of Braided Delta Depositional System,braided fluvial delta front were developed ,among which the underwater distributary channel and mouth bar are the main facies belts; and at the period of high systems tract of SQ2 and SQ3,there is a chief subfacies and several microfacies,such as braided river delta plain subfacie, braided distributary channel and flood plain microfacies. For the lacustrine system, the chief subfacies is coastal and shallow lake which mainly produce the mud in offshore-shallow lake microfacies,and there is also sand bar microfacies. The planar distribution of the two Depositional systems in every periods of system tract was discussed in details, and the evolution model of Neogene sedimentary facies are built.
对车排子地区新近系沙湾组和塔西河组进行了层序划分,识别出4个三级层序界面,划分出3个三级层序,其中层序Ⅰ对应沙湾组的沙一段,层序Ⅱ对应沙二段和沙三段,层序Ⅲ对应塔西河组;在层序划分的基础上,结合层序界面和体系域界面特征,对每个层序识别出低位域、湖侵域和高位域三个体系域。在此基础上,以体系域为基本单元,建立了车排子地区新近系沙湾组和塔西河组的等时层序地层格架。
应用地层沉积构造特征、砂岩成分成熟度分析等方法,确定了工区西北部的扎伊尔山北麓山前区为新近系物源的供给区。以现代沉积学理论为指导,以单井相分析、连井相分析、地震相分析、平面相分析为前提,结合物源分析、构造背景等资料,在车排子地区识别出两种沉积体系:辫状河三角洲体系和湖泊体系。辫状河三角洲体系在层序Ⅰ、层序Ⅱ的低位域和湖侵域时期发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,水下分流河道和河道间沉积为其主要微相;在层序Ⅱ高位域和层序Ⅲ地层则主要发育辫状河三角洲平原亚相,沉积辫状河道和冲积平原微相。湖泊体系主要发育滨浅湖亚相,滨浅湖泥沉积为其主要微相,其次滨浅湖为砂坝微相。详细论述了各体系域时期内两大体系的平面展布情况。建立了新近系沉积相发育模式。
Chepaizi salient is one of the important exploration blocks in Junggar Basin,the exploration and practice data show that there’s potentiality to find oil and gas fields in the Neogene Shawan Formation. This paper proposes the research of the depositional systems of the Neogene strata in Chepaizi area,and take the Shawan Fm and Taxihe Fm as the major target layer. Considering the guidance of theories of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, geology of petroleum and so on, including the information of field outcrop,rock core,seismic,well logging,mud logging and so on, we did a systematic research on sequence stratigraphy, sediment sources,depositional systems for Neogene strata in Chepaizi area. By the methods of structural geology and tectonics,geology,logging,seismic,sequence stratigraphy,sedimentology etc..
The Neogene Shawan Formation and Taxihe Formation in Chepaizi area was recognized four third order sequences interfaces and divided into three third order sequences,and the SQ1 corresponding to N1s1,the SQ2 corresponding to upper N1s2 and N1s3,the SQ3 corresponding to Taxihe Formation;On the basis of the sequence division,combined with sequence boundaries and systems tract boundaries characters,we recognized three systems tracts in every sequence,the result as follows:lowstand systems tract,transgressive systems tract,high systems tract. Then we established isochronous stratigraphic framework of N1s and N1t in Chepaizi area.
By using sedimentary tectonic features,maturity analysis of sandstone composition etc.,we found that the source area of northern foot of Mt Zaire is the source supply area of Neogene. Guiding with the theory of modern sedimentology,considering single well facies analysis,across-well analyses,seismic facies analysis,synthetic analyses of sedimentary facies and combined with provenance analysis,tectonic background ect., braided delta depositional system and lake system are recognized from Chepaizi area. At the period of lowstand systems tract and transgressive systems tract of the SQ1 and SQ2 of Braided Delta Depositional System,braided fluvial delta front were developed ,among which the underwater distributary channel and mouth bar are the main facies belts; and at the period of high systems tract of SQ2 and SQ3,there is a chief subfacies and several microfacies,such as braided river delta plain subfacie, braided distributary channel and flood plain microfacies. For the lacustrine system, the chief subfacies is coastal and shallow lake which mainly produce the mud in offshore-shallow lake microfacies,and there is also sand bar microfacies. The planar distribution of the two Depositional systems in every periods of system tract was discussed in details, and the evolution model of Neogene sedimentary facies are built.
引文
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[2] Sloss, L. L. Sequence in the cratonic interior of North America: GSA Bulletin,1963.74.93-114.
[3] Vail P R,Michum R M,Thonoson S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level [J]. AAPGMemorir,1977,26 (1):63-8
[4] Vail P R. Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy. Part1: Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure[A]. In: Bally A W, ed. Atlas of seismic stratigraphy. Amaerican Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geolog, 1987,27:1-10.
[5] Galloway W E. Genetic stratigraphy sequence in basin analysisⅠ: architecture and genesis of flooding–surface bounded depositional units[J]. AAPG Bull, 1989, 73: 125-142.
[6] Cross T.A. High-resolutions stratigraphic correlation from the perspective of base-level cycles and sediment accommodations.1994.
[7]解习农.断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式[J].地质论评,1996,42(3):398-412
[8]姜在兴,李华启等.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:5-29
[9]纪友亮,张世奇.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M]北京:石油工业出版社, 1996:117-197.
[10]纪友亮,张世奇,张宏等.层序地层学原理及层序成因机制模式[J].北京:地质出版社, 1998:100-190.
[11]郭了萍,李登伟,彭军.我国层序地层学研究的发展趋势[J].河南石油,2005,19(6):1-5.
[12]张运东.层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势[J].世界石油工业,2000(10):14-15.
[13]杨国臣,于炳松.层序地层学的发展现状及其学科地位与研究前沿[J].石油地质与工程,2009,23(2):1-4.
[14]杨国臣.浅论层序地层学的发展及其研究前沿[J].内江科技,2008,12:17-31.
[15]倪新锋,陈洪德,田景春等.陆相层序地层学理论体系及其发展趋势[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(4):35-42.
[16] Fisher W L, Brown L F, Scott A J, et al. Delta systems in the exploration for oil and gas[J]. Geol, Univ. Texas,Austin,1969:78.
[17] L.F. Brown and W.L. Fisher. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation of depositional systems: examples from Brazilian rift and pull-apart basins. Seismic Stratigraphy—Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration[J], American Association of Geologists Memoir,1977(26):213–248.
[18] W.E. Galloway and D.K. Hobday. Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems—Applications to Petroleum[J], Coal and Uranium Exploration. Sedimentary Geology,1985,Volume 43 , Pages 304-306.
[19]宋传春.准噶尔盆地车排子地区“三多”成藏特征分析.油气地球物理[J],2007,5(1):47-49.
[20]金鑫,陆永潮,卢林.准噶尔盆地车排子地区中、新生界沉降史分析[J].海洋石油.2007,27(3):51-56.
[21]洪太元,王离迟,孟闲龙等.准噶尔盆地西缘车排子地区油气成藏的主控因素[J].新疆地质,2007,25(4):389-393.
[22]陈轩,张尚锋,张昌民等.准噶尔盆地车排子地区新近系沙湾组层序地层[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(1):65-67.
[23]洪太元,张福顺,由伟丰.准噶尔盆地车排子地区排2井地层划分[J].中国西部油气地质,2005,1(1):22-25.
[24]洪太元,王离迟,张福顺等.准噶尔盆地西缘车排子地区地层沉积特征[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):164-174.
[25]姜勇彪,刘帅,巫建华.新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘吐谷鲁群沉积体系分析[J].铀矿地质,2008,24(1):17-22.
[26]何登发,尹成,杜社宽等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征——以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.
[27]靖辉,江洪,向奎.准噶尔盆地西缘车排子地区岩性油气藏成藏主控因素[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(4):377-383.
[28]纪友亮,张世奇等.层序地层学原理及层序成因机制模式[M].北京:地质出版社, 1998:1-195
[29]顾家裕.层序地层学回顾与展望[J].海相油气地质,2001,6(4):15-25
[30] Aigner T.et al.Sequence stratigraphic frameworke of the German Triassic[J].Sedimentary Geology,1992,V80:115-135.
[31]朱筱敏.层序地层学原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:100-150.
[32]邓宏文,王红亮,祝永军等.高分辨率层序地层学一原理及应用[M].北京:地质出版社.2002:10-180.
[33] Weimer P and Posamentier H W. Siliciclastic sequence stratigraph: recent developments[J].AAPG Memoir,1993,58.
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