基于制动加速度积分的汽车碰撞吸能装置控制系统开发
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摘要
随着社会的发展,人们对汽车的安全性要求越来越高,尽量减少交通事故的损失成为当前汽车领域亟需解决的重要科技问题。目前,汽车安全领域的主动安全技术难以大幅度的降低交通事故,主要是因为事故发生原因的复杂性和突然性。针对这一现状,很多机构已经将主动安全技术与被动安全技术结合起来研究。然而,目前的大多数结合仍然停留在相加式的结合,即仅仅是在同一辆车上同时使用主动安全技术与被动安全技术。本课题组创新性地将主动安全技术中的事故预测技术与被动安全技术中的结构缓冲吸能技术紧密结合并赋予新的内涵,使其达到1+1>2的效果。
本论文结合课题“主被动结合新型汽车碰撞吸能装置的关键技术研究”,设计开发了该装置的控制部分。提出了一种基于汽车制动加速度积分的算法,以此来识别汽车驾驶员紧急制动行为,判断事故是否发生。设计了采用移动窗积分算法的控制系统硬件电路和软件程序,并通过实车实验采集了某车型在不同车速下紧急制动、正常制动、点刹和通过路障等四种工况的加速度信号,分析验证了移动窗积分算法能够及时区分出驾驶员的紧急制动行为。阐述了系统算法中关键参数的确定原则,确定了用于区分紧急制动工况和其它工况的合理的积分时间窗宽和积分阈值。
通过两次小车实验验证了所设计的汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的控制系统能够实时有效地触发,为进一步开发主被动结合的新型汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置提供了有力的支持。
With the development of society, demands for vehicle safety are getting higher and higher. How to reduce the traffic accident has become a problem outstanding in the Automobile industry. The current active safety system in the field has difficulty in getting a lower accidents rate due to the complex reason for the sudden accident. Under this circumstance, the trend has been formed about the research by combing the active with the passive safety technologies in many organizations. However, most methods of the current combination still remain the combination of styles, that is, merely a vehicle uses active security technology and passive safety technology simultaneously. The research group innovatively make the accident prediction technologies of the active safety technologies closely combined with the structure absorption of the technology passive and gives new meaning.to reach the "1+1 >2"results.
This paper summarizes the current status of automotive safety technology. Based on the subject of a new combination of active and passive vehicle car crash energy absorption system, vehicle combining active and passive energy absorption of new cars in the system control part has been researched. It discusses the airbag triggering method and proposes point-based automobile brake acceleration algorithms in order to identify the emergency braking behavior of the car drivers to determine whether the accident occurred. The integration method of using moving window control system hardware circuits and software programs is designed. And through collecting real vehicle experiments at different speeds of a vehicle emergency braking, the normal brake, pumping the brakes, and the passing the road blocks and so on we collect four kinds of acceleration signals, mobile window integration method can distinguish the driver's emergency braking behavior in time has been analyzed and it has been tested. This paper describes the determinate principle of the key parameters in the System algorithm, and determines the reasonable integration time window width and the integral threshold which are used to distinguish the emergency braking conditions from other conditions.
In the article, model validation is then carried out with two experimental data's which validates the effectiveness of control system of the energy-absorbing structure during the collision accident occurred. It has provided a powerful support for further development of the new model.
本论文结合课题“主被动结合新型汽车碰撞吸能装置的关键技术研究”,设计开发了该装置的控制部分。提出了一种基于汽车制动加速度积分的算法,以此来识别汽车驾驶员紧急制动行为,判断事故是否发生。设计了采用移动窗积分算法的控制系统硬件电路和软件程序,并通过实车实验采集了某车型在不同车速下紧急制动、正常制动、点刹和通过路障等四种工况的加速度信号,分析验证了移动窗积分算法能够及时区分出驾驶员的紧急制动行为。阐述了系统算法中关键参数的确定原则,确定了用于区分紧急制动工况和其它工况的合理的积分时间窗宽和积分阈值。
通过两次小车实验验证了所设计的汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的控制系统能够实时有效地触发,为进一步开发主被动结合的新型汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置提供了有力的支持。
With the development of society, demands for vehicle safety are getting higher and higher. How to reduce the traffic accident has become a problem outstanding in the Automobile industry. The current active safety system in the field has difficulty in getting a lower accidents rate due to the complex reason for the sudden accident. Under this circumstance, the trend has been formed about the research by combing the active with the passive safety technologies in many organizations. However, most methods of the current combination still remain the combination of styles, that is, merely a vehicle uses active security technology and passive safety technology simultaneously. The research group innovatively make the accident prediction technologies of the active safety technologies closely combined with the structure absorption of the technology passive and gives new meaning.to reach the "1+1 >2"results.
This paper summarizes the current status of automotive safety technology. Based on the subject of a new combination of active and passive vehicle car crash energy absorption system, vehicle combining active and passive energy absorption of new cars in the system control part has been researched. It discusses the airbag triggering method and proposes point-based automobile brake acceleration algorithms in order to identify the emergency braking behavior of the car drivers to determine whether the accident occurred. The integration method of using moving window control system hardware circuits and software programs is designed. And through collecting real vehicle experiments at different speeds of a vehicle emergency braking, the normal brake, pumping the brakes, and the passing the road blocks and so on we collect four kinds of acceleration signals, mobile window integration method can distinguish the driver's emergency braking behavior in time has been analyzed and it has been tested. This paper describes the determinate principle of the key parameters in the System algorithm, and determines the reasonable integration time window width and the integral threshold which are used to distinguish the emergency braking conditions from other conditions.
In the article, model validation is then carried out with two experimental data's which validates the effectiveness of control system of the energy-absorbing structure during the collision accident occurred. It has provided a powerful support for further development of the new model.
引文
[1]WHO(2004).World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva.2004.
[2]吴晓洋.道路交通安全：值得关注的公共卫生问题.www.cctv.corn/bealth/20040407/101943.shtmi,2004.4.7
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[5]黄世霖,张金焕,王晓冬.汽车碰撞与安全.北京：清华大学出版社,2000
[6]Matthew Jerinsky, William T. Hollowell, NHTSA's Review of a Vehicle Compatibility Pertormance Metric Through Computer Simulation.2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Washington, D.C. November 16-21,2003.
[7]Brian Fildes, Michael Fitzharris, David Logan, etc. Side Impact Crashes and Countermeasures. The 4th International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety, Changsha, China,2005.
[8]Yasuhiro Matsui, Adam Wittek and Masaaki Tanahashi. Pedestrian kinematics due to impacts by various passenger cars using full-scale dummy. Int. J. Vehicle Safety, Vol.1, Nos.1/2/3, P64-84,2005.
[9]Toshihiro Ishikawa, Haruhisa kore, etc. Evaluation of pedestrian protection structures using impactors and full-scale dummy tests.18th ESV Conf., Paper No.000271, Nagoya, Japan,2003
[10]Dr. Beshr Sultan and Prof. Mike Mcdonald. Assessing the Safety Benefit of Automatic Collision Avoidance Systems.18th ESV Conf., Paper No.000381, Nagoya, Japan,2003
[11]高锋,李克强等.基于人—车—路一体化的汽车主动避撞安全技术.汽车安全技术.北京：人民交通出版社,P223-230,2004
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[13]王鹏飞.汽车安全新技术展望.汽车与安全,2003年6期.P16-17
[14]何柏岩.汽车被动安全性及法规综述.中国汽车技术研究中心报告,2005
[15]宋宏伟,范子杰,虞刚.几类典型耐撞性结构吸能性能的比较,汽车安全技术.北京：人民交通出版社,P44-49,2004
[16]网址：http://hometown.aol.com/osakad/myhomepage/business.html
[17]美国专利信息网.网址：http://patents.uspto.gov/
[18]中国专利信息网.网址：www.patent.com.cn/
[19]Klaus Werkmeister, Nils Borchers. A Balanced Active and Passive Safety Concept for New Vehicle.18th Enhanced Safety of Vehicle Conference, Nagoya, Japan, May 19-22,2003. Paper No.352
[20]孙创范,曹立波.Research of an Active Type of Energy-Absorbing Equipment in Vehicle Collision. The 4th International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety, Changsha, China,2005
[21]王暄,赵航.现代汽车安全[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[22]曾金平.数值计算方法[M]第1版.长沙：湖南大学出版社,2004
[23]钟志华,杨济匡.汽车安全气囊技术及其应用[J].中国机械工程.2000,11(2)：234-237
[24]Analog Devices, Inc.ADXL103 Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/ADXL103_203.pdf.2006
[25]张海涛,阎桂平.MEMS加速度传感器的原理及分析.[J].电工电子技术.2003,24(6)：260-265
[26]彭为,黄科,雷道仲.单片机典型系统设计实例精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.5
[27]ATMEL.AT89S52.PDF.http://www.atmel.com
[28]Maxim.Max603Max604.pdf.http://www.ic37.com
[29]江太辉,石秀芳.MCS-51系列单片机原理与应用[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2002.8
[30]安鹏.基于MAX197的多通道压力数据采集系统[J].今日电子,2006.5
[31]MAXIM.MAX 197.pdf.http://www.maxim-ic.com
[32]李国欣.应用MAX197实现多路多量程数据采集[J].电气自动化时代,2008.5
[33]王为青,程国钢.单片机Keil Cx51应用开发技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.2
[2]吴晓洋.道路交通安全：值得关注的公共卫生问题.www.cctv.corn/bealth/20040407/101943.shtmi,2004.4.7
[3]公安部交通管理局.《中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计年报》.2004
[4]钟志华,张维刚,曹立波,何文.汽车碰撞安全技术.机械工业出版社.2003
[5]黄世霖,张金焕,王晓冬.汽车碰撞与安全.北京：清华大学出版社,2000
[6]Matthew Jerinsky, William T. Hollowell, NHTSA's Review of a Vehicle Compatibility Pertormance Metric Through Computer Simulation.2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Washington, D.C. November 16-21,2003.
[7]Brian Fildes, Michael Fitzharris, David Logan, etc. Side Impact Crashes and Countermeasures. The 4th International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety, Changsha, China,2005.
[8]Yasuhiro Matsui, Adam Wittek and Masaaki Tanahashi. Pedestrian kinematics due to impacts by various passenger cars using full-scale dummy. Int. J. Vehicle Safety, Vol.1, Nos.1/2/3, P64-84,2005.
[9]Toshihiro Ishikawa, Haruhisa kore, etc. Evaluation of pedestrian protection structures using impactors and full-scale dummy tests.18th ESV Conf., Paper No.000271, Nagoya, Japan,2003
[10]Dr. Beshr Sultan and Prof. Mike Mcdonald. Assessing the Safety Benefit of Automatic Collision Avoidance Systems.18th ESV Conf., Paper No.000381, Nagoya, Japan,2003
[11]高锋,李克强等.基于人—车—路一体化的汽车主动避撞安全技术.汽车安全技术.北京：人民交通出版社,P223-230,2004
[12]沃文.改进汽车安全性能的新措施.汽车与安全,2004年3期.P56-58.
[13]王鹏飞.汽车安全新技术展望.汽车与安全,2003年6期.P16-17
[14]何柏岩.汽车被动安全性及法规综述.中国汽车技术研究中心报告,2005
[15]宋宏伟,范子杰,虞刚.几类典型耐撞性结构吸能性能的比较,汽车安全技术.北京：人民交通出版社,P44-49,2004
[16]网址：http://hometown.aol.com/osakad/myhomepage/business.html
[17]美国专利信息网.网址：http://patents.uspto.gov/
[18]中国专利信息网.网址：www.patent.com.cn/
[19]Klaus Werkmeister, Nils Borchers. A Balanced Active and Passive Safety Concept for New Vehicle.18th Enhanced Safety of Vehicle Conference, Nagoya, Japan, May 19-22,2003. Paper No.352
[20]孙创范,曹立波.Research of an Active Type of Energy-Absorbing Equipment in Vehicle Collision. The 4th International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety, Changsha, China,2005
[21]王暄,赵航.现代汽车安全[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[22]曾金平.数值计算方法[M]第1版.长沙：湖南大学出版社,2004
[23]钟志华,杨济匡.汽车安全气囊技术及其应用[J].中国机械工程.2000,11(2)：234-237
[24]Analog Devices, Inc.ADXL103 Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/ADXL103_203.pdf.2006
[25]张海涛,阎桂平.MEMS加速度传感器的原理及分析.[J].电工电子技术.2003,24(6)：260-265
[26]彭为,黄科,雷道仲.单片机典型系统设计实例精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.5
[27]ATMEL.AT89S52.PDF.http://www.atmel.com
[28]Maxim.Max603Max604.pdf.http://www.ic37.com
[29]江太辉,石秀芳.MCS-51系列单片机原理与应用[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2002.8
[30]安鹏.基于MAX197的多通道压力数据采集系统[J].今日电子,2006.5
[31]MAXIM.MAX 197.pdf.http://www.maxim-ic.com
[32]李国欣.应用MAX197实现多路多量程数据采集[J].电气自动化时代,2008.5
[33]王为青,程国钢.单片机Keil Cx51应用开发技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.2