伊通盆地西北缘构造演化与油气成藏
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摘要
伊通盆地是郯庐断裂带北段的一部分,烃源岩厚度大、质量好,储层发育,盆地演化后期的挤压作用使伊通盆地成为富油气资源盆地,勘探潜力较大。盆地经历的多期构造运动,特别是不同构造时期的差异沉降和构造反转作用对油气成藏和保存具有重要的控制作用,不仅使得油气藏经历了多源、多期充注和调整改造、甚至破坏等复杂的成藏历史,而且在不同构造单元油气成藏过程与成藏模式表现出显著的差异性,制约了对该盆地油气聚集规律的进一步认识。伊通盆地的油气勘探程度很低,具有良好的勘探前景,其中西北缘复杂构造带、基岩潜山、东南缘扇体是今后勘探的三大重点领域。但限于整体勘探程度,地质条件复杂,三维地震品质偏差,对盆地的沉积特征、油气成藏控制因素、相应的工程配套技术等还需继续攻关,尤其是西北缘构造复杂,地震资料不能满足储层预测的需要,其构造特征、沉积规律、油气成藏机理、有利勘探区带优选等需进一步研究。
论文运用新技术、新理念,以石油地质学理论为指导,综合钻井、地球物理、测井、各种化验分析等资料,以叠前深度偏移处理技术、构造精细解释技术、储层预测技术、沉积地震相识别技术、流体包裹体分析技术为主要手段,重点论述了伊通盆地西北缘的构造、沉积、成藏特征,主要得到以下结论：
(1)太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变,盆地的应力场也逐渐发生了改变,伊通盆地区域应力场发生转变表现在渐新世末期,区域应力场由左旋张扭转变为右旋的压扭。在区域压扭应力作用下,伊通盆地西北缘断裂在新近纪表现为右行走滑、挤压逆冲的性质。主要证据有：1)取芯资料表明,地层改造复杂,揉皱挤压作用结果明显,部分岩心资料表现为地层破碎,已近于垂直,挤压作用使地层形成了多个小褶皱,且发育多期小断层,具有相互错断现象,说明西北缘地层经历了强烈的构造活动,且挤压作用明显；2)盆地西北缘地表的野外地质露头出现大量挤压作用所形成的褶皱构造；3)新三维地震资料,结合钻井资料,综合分析逆断层的确存在。在西北缘形成了复杂构造带,复杂构造带内部的小型断鼻构造常常是泥岩变形作用形成的,构造带内部的“U”型断块,是走滑作用过程中,滞留的断块,从走滑距离上看,靠近西北缘断块距离远,靠近盆地的断块走滑距离相对小；西北缘边界断裂不同区段的构造样式不同,而且隆升挤压作用现今仍在持续,有利于生烃、排烃作用以及油气的运移聚集,使伊通盆地西北缘复杂构造带成为油气富集场所。
(2)西北缘储层发育,快速堆积的扇体(在地震剖面上表现为厚层、快速尖灭的楔形体)分选差、物性差；长期发育的扇体(在地震上表现为延伸较远的薄层楔形体,常常具有前积结构或下超结构)物性相对较好,而且扇体的规模越大,储层物性越好;扇体识别过程中,属性及反演预测结果只能参考,人工识别地震相、沉积结构等工作很重要。盆地内部多扇体相互叠置,储层发育,但西北缘复杂构造带存在储层不发育区,即存在扇体沟道间,盆地内部叠加连片,储层厚度大。古地貌控制了扇体发育的位置及延伸方向,现今西北缘大黑山东南的沟谷往往是盆地西北缘扇体的物源入口,盆地内部与西北缘相交的大型断层往往控制了扇体的展布方向,盆地内部的同生断层控制砂体的展布,盆地地层厚值区(古洼陷)储层较发育；挤压作用导致储层物性偏差,影响程度与地层变形程度有关。
(3)西北缘成藏条件有利,首先生烃凹陷靠近西北缘一侧,烃源岩充足,二是构造复杂带是隆升挤压作用形成的,既是油气运移的指向区,又是保存条件较好的成藏带；其油气富集程度受控于烃源岩成熟度、供烃半径和储层发育特征；另外应力释放带保存条件不好,如二号断层与西北缘断层交汇处,是大型物源入口,泥岩不发育,断裂发育,实际钻井资料证实该区保存条件不好；隆升挤压作用与油气成藏密切相关,太平洋板块俯冲方向改变的时间是40Ma左右,利用包裹体分析技术确定最早的成藏时间为37-40Ma左右,说明隆升挤压作用与油气成藏密切相关。盆地西北缘发育近岸水下扇体具备形成大面积断层-岩性油藏、构造-岩性油藏的基本石油地质条件,其主要原因是：规模较大的近岸水下扇体处于有利的构造岩相带中,具备丰富的油源和与之相匹配的大面积分布的水下扇砂体,加上西北缘上倾方向上近西南-东北向发育的两组大逆断层横切西北物源方向的扇体,盆地演化后期的挤压作用,使断层封闭性好,对来自靠山生烃凹陷的油气的聚集成藏和油气富集起着重要的遮挡作用,油气主要在近岸水下扇沉积体系的中扇、外扇相带形成大面积分布的断层-岩性、构造-岩性油气藏。
(4)盆地西北缘是油气富集的复杂构造带,但不同区段有利面积及层位不同。在莫里青断陷烃源岩成熟度不高,但供烃半径较大,所以主要目的层是盆地下部双二段地层,自生自储成藏模式；岔路河断陷沉降幅度大,烃源岩成熟度高,除了双阳组以外,奢岭组和永吉组都发育有效烃源岩,油藏、气藏并存,目的层系较多,勘探潜力较大；鹿乡断陷居中,烃源岩成熟度介于二者之间,受资料限制,勘探程度较低,但双阳组和奢岭组应为主要目的层。认为莫里青断陷西北缘是保存条件较好的原生油气成藏。油源主要来自于双阳组烃源岩,自生自储,来自西北缘的扇体,被平行于边界断裂的一系列断层所切割,在西北缘复杂构造带,特别是西北缘复杂构造带前沿,形成断层-岩性油气藏,凹陷内部发育大面积的岩性油气藏,保存条件好,含油性也好；垂向上,双二段含油性比双三段好,主要与逆断层下部倾角大,封闭性比上部好有关。
根据典型油藏剖面解剖和流体包裹体分析所揭示的古油气保存条件、地层水矿化度指标和原油切割去正构金刚烷地化分析显示：多数断层下盘比上盘保存条件好,同一条断层下部比上部保存条件好,盆地西北缘比东南缘保存条件好。盆地东南缘一系列隆起构造带多遭受强烈的改造,虽发生过多幕油气充注,但因油气保存条件差,尤其在构造冠部油气沿断层散失以及遭受大气淡水冲洗和生物降解改造强烈,深部的双阳组破坏稍有减弱,隆起翼部的围斜地区多位于断层下降盘,保存条件也得到改善,含油性将变好。故此,将伊通盆地油气成藏模式总结为改造型和保存型两种主要模式,保存型油气藏将成为勘探的有利目标。本论文主要创新点：
(1)恢复了盆地西北缘复杂构造带的形成过程,建立了不同区段的构造模式；
(2)分析了西北缘扇体展布特征及控制因素,并依据古构造、现今地貌、断裂控砂特征,结合地震相特征、钻井实际资料,综合分析预测了西北缘扇体的展布形态,弥补了地震资料不能满足储层预测的缺憾。
(3)探讨了伊通盆地西北缘复杂构造带的成藏机制,构造对油气藏的控制作用,指出有利勘探区带；
Yitong Basin is a part of north in Tanlu fault zone,Source rocks has a large thickness and the quality is very well,the development of reservoir is very well, transpression in late of basin evolvement make Yitong basin to becoming a lot of hydrocarbon resources basin, potential exploration is abundance. Preliminary study indicates there is a very complex petroleum accumulation history that reservoirs in the Yitong Basin experience multi-stage hydrocarbon charging from multiple sources and late adjustment and reconstruction due to the multi-stage tectonics, especially the difference subsidence and tectonic uplift. Oil and gas exploration degree of YiTong basin is low, which has the good exploration prospects. The complex tectonic belt, bedrock buried hill and the southeast margin of fan bodies are the three key factors in the future exploration. But because of the limiting factor of the overall degree of prospecting, geological condition is complex, three-dimensional seismic quality is not well enough. In order to control the basin sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the corresponding engineering supporting technology still need to continue to research, especially in the complex structure, seismic data which can not meet the needs of reservoir prediction. Its structure characteristics, sedimentary and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism, such as favorable exploration zone optimization needs to be studied further.
This paper applys a new technology, which is based on theories about oil geology, well drilling, geophysics, logging geology and a lot of laboratory tests. Using prestack depth migration procession technology, structure fine interpretation technology, reservoir prediction technology, deposit seismic facies identification technology, fluid inclusion analysis technology, highlightly expound structure, deposit and features of hydrocarbon accumulation. The mainly conclusions are below:
Conclusion one:Changing subducted direction of Pacific Plates changes the nature of fault in the northwestern Yitong Basin, left-handed transtension changes right-handed transcompress and forms complex tectonic zone. Under the regional pressure torsion stress, YiTong fracture in Neogene in the northwest edge is right strike-slip, extrusion properties of thrust. Main evidence are:1)The core data show that formation complex; crumpled compression is obviously; part of the core data shows that strata broken, almost close to vertical. Squeezed make the geosphere formed multiple small folds, and develop phase of the small fault, has the mutual interleaving phenomenon. It shows that the northwest of the strata has undergone strong tectonic activities, and extrusion effect is obvious.2) Basin field geological outcrops appear a large number of compression in the surface of the fold which is formed by the structure;3) The new3-D seismic data, combining with drilling data, the comprehensive analysis that the reverse fault exactly exist. It formed a complex tectonic belt in the northwest. Complex tectonic belt of small fault nose strcture is usually formed by the deformation of mudstone. U style tectonic block is detenting tectonic block in strike-slipping. From the view of the distance of strike-slipping, if the distance closing the northwest is the more larger, the strike-slipping of tectonic block near by the basin is the more smaller; Different district of bordering fault has different structure style, and uplift tectonic action still is continued, it is favour of the generation of hydrocarbon,hydrocarbon expulsion and the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon,it makes the complex tectonic zone became the location of hydrocarbon accumulation.
Conclusion two:The development of reservoir in the northwestern is very well, the fast accumulation of fans (it shows thick lay, fast nipped wedge on seismic section) have a very poor separation and physical property; the remaining developped fans(on seismic section,it displays thin fans having a long distance,often have foreset structure or downlap structure)have a relatively good physical property,and the scale of fans is more larger, the physical property of reservoir is more better; the process of recognize the fan body, the results of predictted inversion and attribute can only reference, artificial identification of seismic facies, sedimentary structure is very important. Basin internal fan is superimposed with each other, reservoir developed, but the complex tectonic belt exist undevelopment reservoir zone. The palaeogeomorphology controls the location of fans development and the extending direction, nowdays the valley of the northeast of Dahei mountain in northwestern Yitong basin often is the provenance entrance controlling fans of the northwestern basin,large fault often controls the throughgoing direction of fans, the growth fault within the basin controls sand body throughgoing, the layer's thickness is the thicker (old below-lying), the reservoir is the more developped; the compression action causes reservoir's physical property becoming poor, the affection is mutually related the layer's deformation.
Conclusion three:The conditions for oil/gas accumulation are very beneficial. Fiist, hydrocarbon generation depression near the northwestern basin, source rocks is adequate, second, complex tectonic zone is forming by uplift tectonic action, it is the location for hydrocarbon migration, and it has a good accumulation condition; oil/gas accumulation is controlled by maturity for source rocks, radius for efficient hydrocarbon supply and the feature of reservoir development; Otherwides, stress release zone has a bad saving condition, example the intersections of No.2fault and the northwestern fault, it is the entrance for large supply, mudstone development isn't good, fault development is good, actually, the saving conditions for this locations through drilling data is not good; The relationship between uplift tectonic action and hydrocarbon migration is intimate, the time of changing subducted direction of Pacific Plates is about40Ma, using inclusion technologe confirm the earliest time for hydrocarbon migration, it is about37-40Ma, it illustrates that the relationship uplift tectonic action with hydrocarbon migration is intimate. Subaqueous fan body in the nearshore has basic petroleum geological conditions to form large area of fault-lithological oil reservoir, structural-lithologic oil reservoir. The main reason is:the larger the nearshore subaqueous fan body are in a favorable tectonic facies belt, with abundant oil sources and the widespread distribution of subaqueous fan sand body which match to the oil sources, and in the near northeast updip direction-southwest to the development of the two groups of reverse fault crosscutting northwest the fan body of content source direction. The extrusion of basin evolution period, the fault sealing ability is good, from the backer of hydrocarbon-generating sag of the accumulation of oil and gas accumulation and hydrocarbon concentration plays an important role in shade, oil and gas mainly in the nearshore subaqueous fan sedimentary system of fan and outer fan facies formed in the large area of the distribution of fault-lithological, structural-lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.
Conclusion four:The northwestern bain is the complex tectonic zone having a lot of gas/oil, but different section have different areas and horizons. At Moliqing fault depression, source rocks's maturity is not high, but ridus supplying efficient hydrocarbon is larger, so the main layer is di-segment under the basin, it develops the pattern of self-generating and self-preserving reservoirs; river forks in the road fault depression have a large sedimentation, and rocks's maturity is high, except for Shuangyang formation, Sheling formation and Yongji formation all develop efficient source rocks, oil and gas reservoirs all present, it have a lot of objective intervals, the potential for exploration is good; At Luxiang fault depression, it's maturity betweens two parties, limited by the data, the level of exploration is low, but Shuangyang formation and Sheling formation are main layers. We think Moliqing rift in the preservation condition is good primary hydrocarbon accumulation. Oil source mainly comes from the shuangyang group of hydrocarbon source rocks, came from the northwest edge of the door body, cutting by a series of fault which is parallel to the boundary faults, in the complex tectonic belt, especially the front of the complex tectonic belt, forming fault-lithological reservoirs, sag of internal development of a large area of lithologic reservoirs, preservation conditions is good, oil content is abundant; Vertical, double two sections of oil content is better than double three sections, the main relation is the angle of underpart of reverse fault is big, sealing ability is better than the upper.
According to the analysis of the typical petroleum pools and formation water salinity, it incorporateds result of adamantine index and conservation condition from petroleum inclusions, which reveal that conservation condition is better in the foot walls of majority faults than hanging walls and the northwest part is better than the southeast of Yitong basin. A series of uplifted structures in the southeast experiences strong reconstruction, especially at the top part, hydrocarbon migrated from faults suffers water flushing and biodegradation which slightly affect the Shuangyang reservoirs in depp part. Majority limbs of the uplift tectonic zones located at downthrown block of faults have good conservation condition and oil-bearing condition. According to above researches, conservation and reconstruction type reservoirs can be discriminated as two models. Conservation type reservoirs will become the main objects of exploration.
Major innovation points of this paper are:
(1) Resuming the forming process on complerx tectonic zone in northwestern basin and building up tectonic style at different sections;
(2) Analysing fans through-going and controlling factor, in the light of palaeotectonics, nowdays physiognomy, the feature of fault controlling sand body, combining the feature of facies and drilling data, synthesizing and predicting fans through-going, repairing the failing on seismic data can't meeting reservoir prediction;
(3) Researching the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation models of complex tectonic zone in the northwestern Yitong basin, the action of tectonic controlling the oil/gas, pointing out beneficial exploration area.
论文运用新技术、新理念,以石油地质学理论为指导,综合钻井、地球物理、测井、各种化验分析等资料,以叠前深度偏移处理技术、构造精细解释技术、储层预测技术、沉积地震相识别技术、流体包裹体分析技术为主要手段,重点论述了伊通盆地西北缘的构造、沉积、成藏特征,主要得到以下结论：
(1)太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变,盆地的应力场也逐渐发生了改变,伊通盆地区域应力场发生转变表现在渐新世末期,区域应力场由左旋张扭转变为右旋的压扭。在区域压扭应力作用下,伊通盆地西北缘断裂在新近纪表现为右行走滑、挤压逆冲的性质。主要证据有：1)取芯资料表明,地层改造复杂,揉皱挤压作用结果明显,部分岩心资料表现为地层破碎,已近于垂直,挤压作用使地层形成了多个小褶皱,且发育多期小断层,具有相互错断现象,说明西北缘地层经历了强烈的构造活动,且挤压作用明显；2)盆地西北缘地表的野外地质露头出现大量挤压作用所形成的褶皱构造；3)新三维地震资料,结合钻井资料,综合分析逆断层的确存在。在西北缘形成了复杂构造带,复杂构造带内部的小型断鼻构造常常是泥岩变形作用形成的,构造带内部的“U”型断块,是走滑作用过程中,滞留的断块,从走滑距离上看,靠近西北缘断块距离远,靠近盆地的断块走滑距离相对小；西北缘边界断裂不同区段的构造样式不同,而且隆升挤压作用现今仍在持续,有利于生烃、排烃作用以及油气的运移聚集,使伊通盆地西北缘复杂构造带成为油气富集场所。
(2)西北缘储层发育,快速堆积的扇体(在地震剖面上表现为厚层、快速尖灭的楔形体)分选差、物性差；长期发育的扇体(在地震上表现为延伸较远的薄层楔形体,常常具有前积结构或下超结构)物性相对较好,而且扇体的规模越大,储层物性越好;扇体识别过程中,属性及反演预测结果只能参考,人工识别地震相、沉积结构等工作很重要。盆地内部多扇体相互叠置,储层发育,但西北缘复杂构造带存在储层不发育区,即存在扇体沟道间,盆地内部叠加连片,储层厚度大。古地貌控制了扇体发育的位置及延伸方向,现今西北缘大黑山东南的沟谷往往是盆地西北缘扇体的物源入口,盆地内部与西北缘相交的大型断层往往控制了扇体的展布方向,盆地内部的同生断层控制砂体的展布,盆地地层厚值区(古洼陷)储层较发育；挤压作用导致储层物性偏差,影响程度与地层变形程度有关。
(3)西北缘成藏条件有利,首先生烃凹陷靠近西北缘一侧,烃源岩充足,二是构造复杂带是隆升挤压作用形成的,既是油气运移的指向区,又是保存条件较好的成藏带；其油气富集程度受控于烃源岩成熟度、供烃半径和储层发育特征；另外应力释放带保存条件不好,如二号断层与西北缘断层交汇处,是大型物源入口,泥岩不发育,断裂发育,实际钻井资料证实该区保存条件不好；隆升挤压作用与油气成藏密切相关,太平洋板块俯冲方向改变的时间是40Ma左右,利用包裹体分析技术确定最早的成藏时间为37-40Ma左右,说明隆升挤压作用与油气成藏密切相关。盆地西北缘发育近岸水下扇体具备形成大面积断层-岩性油藏、构造-岩性油藏的基本石油地质条件,其主要原因是：规模较大的近岸水下扇体处于有利的构造岩相带中,具备丰富的油源和与之相匹配的大面积分布的水下扇砂体,加上西北缘上倾方向上近西南-东北向发育的两组大逆断层横切西北物源方向的扇体,盆地演化后期的挤压作用,使断层封闭性好,对来自靠山生烃凹陷的油气的聚集成藏和油气富集起着重要的遮挡作用,油气主要在近岸水下扇沉积体系的中扇、外扇相带形成大面积分布的断层-岩性、构造-岩性油气藏。
(4)盆地西北缘是油气富集的复杂构造带,但不同区段有利面积及层位不同。在莫里青断陷烃源岩成熟度不高,但供烃半径较大,所以主要目的层是盆地下部双二段地层,自生自储成藏模式；岔路河断陷沉降幅度大,烃源岩成熟度高,除了双阳组以外,奢岭组和永吉组都发育有效烃源岩,油藏、气藏并存,目的层系较多,勘探潜力较大；鹿乡断陷居中,烃源岩成熟度介于二者之间,受资料限制,勘探程度较低,但双阳组和奢岭组应为主要目的层。认为莫里青断陷西北缘是保存条件较好的原生油气成藏。油源主要来自于双阳组烃源岩,自生自储,来自西北缘的扇体,被平行于边界断裂的一系列断层所切割,在西北缘复杂构造带,特别是西北缘复杂构造带前沿,形成断层-岩性油气藏,凹陷内部发育大面积的岩性油气藏,保存条件好,含油性也好；垂向上,双二段含油性比双三段好,主要与逆断层下部倾角大,封闭性比上部好有关。
根据典型油藏剖面解剖和流体包裹体分析所揭示的古油气保存条件、地层水矿化度指标和原油切割去正构金刚烷地化分析显示：多数断层下盘比上盘保存条件好,同一条断层下部比上部保存条件好,盆地西北缘比东南缘保存条件好。盆地东南缘一系列隆起构造带多遭受强烈的改造,虽发生过多幕油气充注,但因油气保存条件差,尤其在构造冠部油气沿断层散失以及遭受大气淡水冲洗和生物降解改造强烈,深部的双阳组破坏稍有减弱,隆起翼部的围斜地区多位于断层下降盘,保存条件也得到改善,含油性将变好。故此,将伊通盆地油气成藏模式总结为改造型和保存型两种主要模式,保存型油气藏将成为勘探的有利目标。本论文主要创新点：
(1)恢复了盆地西北缘复杂构造带的形成过程,建立了不同区段的构造模式；
(2)分析了西北缘扇体展布特征及控制因素,并依据古构造、现今地貌、断裂控砂特征,结合地震相特征、钻井实际资料,综合分析预测了西北缘扇体的展布形态,弥补了地震资料不能满足储层预测的缺憾。
(3)探讨了伊通盆地西北缘复杂构造带的成藏机制,构造对油气藏的控制作用,指出有利勘探区带；
Yitong Basin is a part of north in Tanlu fault zone,Source rocks has a large thickness and the quality is very well,the development of reservoir is very well, transpression in late of basin evolvement make Yitong basin to becoming a lot of hydrocarbon resources basin, potential exploration is abundance. Preliminary study indicates there is a very complex petroleum accumulation history that reservoirs in the Yitong Basin experience multi-stage hydrocarbon charging from multiple sources and late adjustment and reconstruction due to the multi-stage tectonics, especially the difference subsidence and tectonic uplift. Oil and gas exploration degree of YiTong basin is low, which has the good exploration prospects. The complex tectonic belt, bedrock buried hill and the southeast margin of fan bodies are the three key factors in the future exploration. But because of the limiting factor of the overall degree of prospecting, geological condition is complex, three-dimensional seismic quality is not well enough. In order to control the basin sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the corresponding engineering supporting technology still need to continue to research, especially in the complex structure, seismic data which can not meet the needs of reservoir prediction. Its structure characteristics, sedimentary and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism, such as favorable exploration zone optimization needs to be studied further.
This paper applys a new technology, which is based on theories about oil geology, well drilling, geophysics, logging geology and a lot of laboratory tests. Using prestack depth migration procession technology, structure fine interpretation technology, reservoir prediction technology, deposit seismic facies identification technology, fluid inclusion analysis technology, highlightly expound structure, deposit and features of hydrocarbon accumulation. The mainly conclusions are below:
Conclusion one:Changing subducted direction of Pacific Plates changes the nature of fault in the northwestern Yitong Basin, left-handed transtension changes right-handed transcompress and forms complex tectonic zone. Under the regional pressure torsion stress, YiTong fracture in Neogene in the northwest edge is right strike-slip, extrusion properties of thrust. Main evidence are:1)The core data show that formation complex; crumpled compression is obviously; part of the core data shows that strata broken, almost close to vertical. Squeezed make the geosphere formed multiple small folds, and develop phase of the small fault, has the mutual interleaving phenomenon. It shows that the northwest of the strata has undergone strong tectonic activities, and extrusion effect is obvious.2) Basin field geological outcrops appear a large number of compression in the surface of the fold which is formed by the structure;3) The new3-D seismic data, combining with drilling data, the comprehensive analysis that the reverse fault exactly exist. It formed a complex tectonic belt in the northwest. Complex tectonic belt of small fault nose strcture is usually formed by the deformation of mudstone. U style tectonic block is detenting tectonic block in strike-slipping. From the view of the distance of strike-slipping, if the distance closing the northwest is the more larger, the strike-slipping of tectonic block near by the basin is the more smaller; Different district of bordering fault has different structure style, and uplift tectonic action still is continued, it is favour of the generation of hydrocarbon,hydrocarbon expulsion and the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon,it makes the complex tectonic zone became the location of hydrocarbon accumulation.
Conclusion two:The development of reservoir in the northwestern is very well, the fast accumulation of fans (it shows thick lay, fast nipped wedge on seismic section) have a very poor separation and physical property; the remaining developped fans(on seismic section,it displays thin fans having a long distance,often have foreset structure or downlap structure)have a relatively good physical property,and the scale of fans is more larger, the physical property of reservoir is more better; the process of recognize the fan body, the results of predictted inversion and attribute can only reference, artificial identification of seismic facies, sedimentary structure is very important. Basin internal fan is superimposed with each other, reservoir developed, but the complex tectonic belt exist undevelopment reservoir zone. The palaeogeomorphology controls the location of fans development and the extending direction, nowdays the valley of the northeast of Dahei mountain in northwestern Yitong basin often is the provenance entrance controlling fans of the northwestern basin,large fault often controls the throughgoing direction of fans, the growth fault within the basin controls sand body throughgoing, the layer's thickness is the thicker (old below-lying), the reservoir is the more developped; the compression action causes reservoir's physical property becoming poor, the affection is mutually related the layer's deformation.
Conclusion three:The conditions for oil/gas accumulation are very beneficial. Fiist, hydrocarbon generation depression near the northwestern basin, source rocks is adequate, second, complex tectonic zone is forming by uplift tectonic action, it is the location for hydrocarbon migration, and it has a good accumulation condition; oil/gas accumulation is controlled by maturity for source rocks, radius for efficient hydrocarbon supply and the feature of reservoir development; Otherwides, stress release zone has a bad saving condition, example the intersections of No.2fault and the northwestern fault, it is the entrance for large supply, mudstone development isn't good, fault development is good, actually, the saving conditions for this locations through drilling data is not good; The relationship between uplift tectonic action and hydrocarbon migration is intimate, the time of changing subducted direction of Pacific Plates is about40Ma, using inclusion technologe confirm the earliest time for hydrocarbon migration, it is about37-40Ma, it illustrates that the relationship uplift tectonic action with hydrocarbon migration is intimate. Subaqueous fan body in the nearshore has basic petroleum geological conditions to form large area of fault-lithological oil reservoir, structural-lithologic oil reservoir. The main reason is:the larger the nearshore subaqueous fan body are in a favorable tectonic facies belt, with abundant oil sources and the widespread distribution of subaqueous fan sand body which match to the oil sources, and in the near northeast updip direction-southwest to the development of the two groups of reverse fault crosscutting northwest the fan body of content source direction. The extrusion of basin evolution period, the fault sealing ability is good, from the backer of hydrocarbon-generating sag of the accumulation of oil and gas accumulation and hydrocarbon concentration plays an important role in shade, oil and gas mainly in the nearshore subaqueous fan sedimentary system of fan and outer fan facies formed in the large area of the distribution of fault-lithological, structural-lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.
Conclusion four:The northwestern bain is the complex tectonic zone having a lot of gas/oil, but different section have different areas and horizons. At Moliqing fault depression, source rocks's maturity is not high, but ridus supplying efficient hydrocarbon is larger, so the main layer is di-segment under the basin, it develops the pattern of self-generating and self-preserving reservoirs; river forks in the road fault depression have a large sedimentation, and rocks's maturity is high, except for Shuangyang formation, Sheling formation and Yongji formation all develop efficient source rocks, oil and gas reservoirs all present, it have a lot of objective intervals, the potential for exploration is good; At Luxiang fault depression, it's maturity betweens two parties, limited by the data, the level of exploration is low, but Shuangyang formation and Sheling formation are main layers. We think Moliqing rift in the preservation condition is good primary hydrocarbon accumulation. Oil source mainly comes from the shuangyang group of hydrocarbon source rocks, came from the northwest edge of the door body, cutting by a series of fault which is parallel to the boundary faults, in the complex tectonic belt, especially the front of the complex tectonic belt, forming fault-lithological reservoirs, sag of internal development of a large area of lithologic reservoirs, preservation conditions is good, oil content is abundant; Vertical, double two sections of oil content is better than double three sections, the main relation is the angle of underpart of reverse fault is big, sealing ability is better than the upper.
According to the analysis of the typical petroleum pools and formation water salinity, it incorporateds result of adamantine index and conservation condition from petroleum inclusions, which reveal that conservation condition is better in the foot walls of majority faults than hanging walls and the northwest part is better than the southeast of Yitong basin. A series of uplifted structures in the southeast experiences strong reconstruction, especially at the top part, hydrocarbon migrated from faults suffers water flushing and biodegradation which slightly affect the Shuangyang reservoirs in depp part. Majority limbs of the uplift tectonic zones located at downthrown block of faults have good conservation condition and oil-bearing condition. According to above researches, conservation and reconstruction type reservoirs can be discriminated as two models. Conservation type reservoirs will become the main objects of exploration.
Major innovation points of this paper are:
(1) Resuming the forming process on complerx tectonic zone in northwestern basin and building up tectonic style at different sections;
(2) Analysing fans through-going and controlling factor, in the light of palaeotectonics, nowdays physiognomy, the feature of fault controlling sand body, combining the feature of facies and drilling data, synthesizing and predicting fans through-going, repairing the failing on seismic data can't meeting reservoir prediction;
(3) Researching the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation models of complex tectonic zone in the northwestern Yitong basin, the action of tectonic controlling the oil/gas, pointing out beneficial exploration area.
引文
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