BT模式在地方政府基础设施项目融资中的运用研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展,城市化进程的加快,城市基础设施建设投资和规模不断加大,仅靠政府财政投入、国债筹资等传统资金募集方式,远远不能满足城市化发展的需要,也难以满足经济高速增长的需要。近年来建设—移交(Build—Transfer,简称BT)融资模式以其强大的融资建设功能在国内引起广泛关注,并在一些大型基础设施建设项目中成功运作,从而带动了我国基础设施建设融资方式、建设模式和承发包模式的多样化发展。将BT模式引入政府地方政府基础设施建设项目融资方式,实现投资多元化、利益共享、风险共担,不但有效地减缓政府财政压力,而且由于其机制新、管理活、权责明确,比传统的政府单独投资建设模式更为高效。
笔者首先系统分析和介绍了BT模式以及我国地方政府基础设施项目融资的概况,并分析了BT模式解决我国地方政府基础设施项目融资难问题的优势;然后从项目融资模式、运行机制等方面入手,从采用BT模式的流程、模式选择以及风险应对等三个方面对BT模式在我国地方政府基础设施项目融资中的应用进行设计;随后深入探讨分析了BT模式的优缺点、采取BT模式应把握的关键环节、应注意的问题并提出政策建议;最后以北京地铁奥运专线BT方式投资为研究对象,验证了BT模式是一种适合我国地方政府融资的形式。
本文通过实证分析的方法,总结出一些地方政府融资采取BT模式的方法策略,如何有效规避风险,为我国地方政府融资探索多样化、规范化的融资平台,进一步拓宽融资方式提供理论与方法支持。
As our national economy and the urbanization program develop rapidly,the urban infrastructure construction investment scale enlarges gradually.The capital input only from government finance and national debt can not fulfill the need of urbanization development and the rapid economic growth.In recent years,the Build-Transfer(abbre.BT) investment model has attracted focus for its great function on construction.This model has succeeded in some large infrastructure construction projects and brings along multiple developments on the infrastructure construction investment model,construction model and contract model.BT model of investment in local government infrastructure construction project will not only reduce the government financial pressure,but also raise effectiveness because of its new system, flexible management and clear power and responsibility.
The writer first analyses general situation of BT model and local government infrastructure projects financing,and the advantage of BT model in solute such problems;then we make a research of the application of BT model in local government,and build a model from process,models selection and risks prevention. Then the writer analyses the advantages,disadvantages,key process and policy suggestion about BT model,model are given in the article.At last,taking Beijing subway Olympic special line as the study example,show us that BT is suitable for local government financing.
Through a practical example,the article has concluded a method and strategy of the BT model of government investment.It provides theoretical and methodical support to the local government in our country in exploring a multiple and standard investment stage and better investment ways.
笔者首先系统分析和介绍了BT模式以及我国地方政府基础设施项目融资的概况,并分析了BT模式解决我国地方政府基础设施项目融资难问题的优势;然后从项目融资模式、运行机制等方面入手,从采用BT模式的流程、模式选择以及风险应对等三个方面对BT模式在我国地方政府基础设施项目融资中的应用进行设计;随后深入探讨分析了BT模式的优缺点、采取BT模式应把握的关键环节、应注意的问题并提出政策建议;最后以北京地铁奥运专线BT方式投资为研究对象,验证了BT模式是一种适合我国地方政府融资的形式。
本文通过实证分析的方法,总结出一些地方政府融资采取BT模式的方法策略,如何有效规避风险,为我国地方政府融资探索多样化、规范化的融资平台,进一步拓宽融资方式提供理论与方法支持。
As our national economy and the urbanization program develop rapidly,the urban infrastructure construction investment scale enlarges gradually.The capital input only from government finance and national debt can not fulfill the need of urbanization development and the rapid economic growth.In recent years,the Build-Transfer(abbre.BT) investment model has attracted focus for its great function on construction.This model has succeeded in some large infrastructure construction projects and brings along multiple developments on the infrastructure construction investment model,construction model and contract model.BT model of investment in local government infrastructure construction project will not only reduce the government financial pressure,but also raise effectiveness because of its new system, flexible management and clear power and responsibility.
The writer first analyses general situation of BT model and local government infrastructure projects financing,and the advantage of BT model in solute such problems;then we make a research of the application of BT model in local government,and build a model from process,models selection and risks prevention. Then the writer analyses the advantages,disadvantages,key process and policy suggestion about BT model,model are given in the article.At last,taking Beijing subway Olympic special line as the study example,show us that BT is suitable for local government financing.
Through a practical example,the article has concluded a method and strategy of the BT model of government investment.It provides theoretical and methodical support to the local government in our country in exploring a multiple and standard investment stage and better investment ways.
引文
[1]王铁军.中国地方政府融资22种模式.北京,中国金融出版社出版,2006
[2]YE Xiaosu HE yuchong Design and Search on Government Concessionary Item(Build Transfer) Financing Modes Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2004,11
[3]周忠明.地方政府融资模式的现状问题和改革.金融时报
[4]张志会,刘赫明.地方政府常用的筹融资方式.北京财会,2003,03
[5]黄平,雷蕾.BOT融资方式在基础设施建设中的运用.商业时代.2006,01
[6]陈明德.实施内资BOT项目运作方式及讨论.中国工程咨询 2005,11
[7]ZHOU Jiang-hua EXPLORATION ON ISSUE OF OPERATING PROJECT BY ADOPTING BT MODEL Journal of Railway Engineering Society 2005,12
[8]Chun Hua.BT Mode in Shanghai Urban Rail Transit Construction Urban Mass Transit 2003,12
[9]程震,BT投资项目管理方法和运作手段.施工企业管理.2007,05
[10]房小兵.关于BT工程的建设方式的探讨.对外经贸财会,2006,03
[11]Xianfeng.On the financing innovation of urban public facilities supplying:An asset securitization mode based on the government pay or subsidy Urban Problems 2007,07
[12]何寿奎,傅鸿源.BT融资代建制项目组织与运作管理.经济师,2004,02.
[13]冯兴吾,汪长海.建设BT项目融资新渠道.中国公路建设市场,2006,02.
[14]Peter Bailey.The Business and Financial Structure of the Water Industry in England Wales[R].CRI Research Report 14,University of Bath,2003,08
[15]汪长海.BT项目的法律特征及作用.施工企业管理,2005,03
[16]Committee on Privatization of Water Services in the United States,National Research Council.Privatization of Water Services in the United States:an Assessment of Issues and Experience[M].Washington,D.C:National Academy Press,2002,10
[17]孟乙民.BT建设模式应注意的几个问题.水运工程,2005,10
[18]童琳.公共基础设施建设“BT融资代建制”浅析.建筑施工,2007,04
[19]陆满平.BT投资模式及其缺陷.施工企业管理,2005,08
[20]何书斌,孙家新.BT模式投资项目的招标合同筹划.经济师,2006,06
[21]EPA.Setting Small Drinking Water System Rates for a Sustainable Future[R].2006,12
[22]彭建伟,李多修.BT模式投资建设项目的合同管理与预算管理.铁路工程造价管理,2004,05
[23]程小伟.我国BT建设模式相关问题分析.上海企业,2004,11
[24]Enlightenment of Japanese Financial Investment System on China Japan Studies 2006,04
[25]李刚.BT模式风险及防范.城乡建设,2006,01
[26]周磊,周正康.市政项目的BT融资风险的防范与控制研究.现代管理科学.2004,09http://www.ilib.cn.I-rbyj.2006.03.html
[27]Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program Financing America'S Drinking Water from the Source to the Tap Report to Congress[R],May,2003,07
[28]郭捷,胡美新.基于BT模式的项目风险保障体系研究,沈阳建筑大学学报,1005,12
[29]Zhang Bingfu Ye Haiqin The Deep Analyse of the BOT Investment and Financing Mode of the Construct of University's Logistics Establishment China Educational Technique & Equipment 2005,12
[30]明爱民.浅谈采用“BT”融资方式运作的会计处理.新疆财会,2003,09
[2]YE Xiaosu HE yuchong Design and Search on Government Concessionary Item(Build Transfer) Financing Modes Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2004,11
[3]周忠明.地方政府融资模式的现状问题和改革.金融时报
[4]张志会,刘赫明.地方政府常用的筹融资方式.北京财会,2003,03
[5]黄平,雷蕾.BOT融资方式在基础设施建设中的运用.商业时代.2006,01
[6]陈明德.实施内资BOT项目运作方式及讨论.中国工程咨询 2005,11
[7]ZHOU Jiang-hua EXPLORATION ON ISSUE OF OPERATING PROJECT BY ADOPTING BT MODEL Journal of Railway Engineering Society 2005,12
[8]Chun Hua.BT Mode in Shanghai Urban Rail Transit Construction Urban Mass Transit 2003,12
[9]程震,BT投资项目管理方法和运作手段.施工企业管理.2007,05
[10]房小兵.关于BT工程的建设方式的探讨.对外经贸财会,2006,03
[11]Xianfeng.On the financing innovation of urban public facilities supplying:An asset securitization mode based on the government pay or subsidy Urban Problems 2007,07
[12]何寿奎,傅鸿源.BT融资代建制项目组织与运作管理.经济师,2004,02.
[13]冯兴吾,汪长海.建设BT项目融资新渠道.中国公路建设市场,2006,02.
[14]Peter Bailey.The Business and Financial Structure of the Water Industry in England Wales[R].CRI Research Report 14,University of Bath,2003,08
[15]汪长海.BT项目的法律特征及作用.施工企业管理,2005,03
[16]Committee on Privatization of Water Services in the United States,National Research Council.Privatization of Water Services in the United States:an Assessment of Issues and Experience[M].Washington,D.C:National Academy Press,2002,10
[17]孟乙民.BT建设模式应注意的几个问题.水运工程,2005,10
[18]童琳.公共基础设施建设“BT融资代建制”浅析.建筑施工,2007,04
[19]陆满平.BT投资模式及其缺陷.施工企业管理,2005,08
[20]何书斌,孙家新.BT模式投资项目的招标合同筹划.经济师,2006,06
[21]EPA.Setting Small Drinking Water System Rates for a Sustainable Future[R].2006,12
[22]彭建伟,李多修.BT模式投资建设项目的合同管理与预算管理.铁路工程造价管理,2004,05
[23]程小伟.我国BT建设模式相关问题分析.上海企业,2004,11
[24]Enlightenment of Japanese Financial Investment System on China Japan Studies 2006,04
[25]李刚.BT模式风险及防范.城乡建设,2006,01
[26]周磊,周正康.市政项目的BT融资风险的防范与控制研究.现代管理科学.2004,09http://www.ilib.cn.I-rbyj.2006.03.html
[27]Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program Financing America'S Drinking Water from the Source to the Tap Report to Congress[R],May,2003,07
[28]郭捷,胡美新.基于BT模式的项目风险保障体系研究,沈阳建筑大学学报,1005,12
[29]Zhang Bingfu Ye Haiqin The Deep Analyse of the BOT Investment and Financing Mode of the Construct of University's Logistics Establishment China Educational Technique & Equipment 2005,12
[30]明爱民.浅谈采用“BT”融资方式运作的会计处理.新疆财会,2003,09