地区电网电压/无功优化控制方法的研究
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摘要
电压/无功优化控制是保证电力系统安全、经济运行的一项有效手
段，是提高电压质量的重要措施，因此研究地区电网的电压/无功控制
策略，既具有理论意义，又具有实际应用价值。
本文根据地区电网的特点，提出了电压校正算法和无功优化算法
来获得电压/无功控制策略。主要工作如下：
在电压校正方面，结合调度员处理电压越限的经验，提出基于变
电站的电压校正算法，其计算速度快，但仅适用于变电站低压侧母线电
压越限的情况。利用P-Q的解藕特性以及将变压器、电容器处理成节点
无功注入电流的形式，计算各控制设备的有效系数（变压器或电容器组
的最大校正量），在各控制设备之间按比例分摊电压偏移量，提出基于
灵敏度分析的电压校正算法，适用于电网中任何母线越限的情况，计算
速度较快。
在无功优化方面，作者以网损增量最小为目标函数，考虑负荷的
静态特性，将变压器等值成节点无功注入的形式，编制了基于改进直接
法的无功优化软件。
将电压校正和无功优化相结合，提出电压/无功实时控制的新思路。
将上述算法应用于IEEE30节点的电压/无功控制，计算结果达到
了预期的效果。并应用于某地区电网的电压/无功控制，取得了令人满
意的效果。
ABSTRACT
Voltage and reactive power control is a effective measure to keep power system safety and economic, and a important method to improve voltage profile. It is valuable to study the problem of voltage and reactive power control.
According to the characteristic of local networks, the algorithm of voltage correcting and reactive power operating optimization are presented in this paper. The corresponding software is also developed. The main research work can be descried as follows:
The algorithm of voltage correcting based substation is presented with Expert experience. It is suitable to the voltage violation of substation low bus and calculates fast. A new modal base sensitivity analysis is put forward. It calculates faster and is suitable to the voltage violation of any bus. It applies P-Q decoupling and disposes transformer and capacity to node reactive current inject to compute efficiency coefficients(ECs) . And control variables are coordinated in proportion to their respective ECs.
An improved direct method of reactive power optimization is presented in this paper. Its mathematical modal is formed with minimum loss increment as objective function. Transformer is equivalent to node reactive power inject.
On base of voltage correcting and reactive power optimization, a new scheme of real-time voltage and reactive power control is presented.
The proposed algorithms are applied to the IEEE 30-bus system and an actual electric network. The validaty and efficiency are confirmed by the numerical results.
段，是提高电压质量的重要措施，因此研究地区电网的电压/无功控制
策略，既具有理论意义，又具有实际应用价值。
本文根据地区电网的特点，提出了电压校正算法和无功优化算法
来获得电压/无功控制策略。主要工作如下：
在电压校正方面，结合调度员处理电压越限的经验，提出基于变
电站的电压校正算法，其计算速度快，但仅适用于变电站低压侧母线电
压越限的情况。利用P-Q的解藕特性以及将变压器、电容器处理成节点
无功注入电流的形式，计算各控制设备的有效系数（变压器或电容器组
的最大校正量），在各控制设备之间按比例分摊电压偏移量，提出基于
灵敏度分析的电压校正算法，适用于电网中任何母线越限的情况，计算
速度较快。
在无功优化方面，作者以网损增量最小为目标函数，考虑负荷的
静态特性，将变压器等值成节点无功注入的形式，编制了基于改进直接
法的无功优化软件。
将电压校正和无功优化相结合，提出电压/无功实时控制的新思路。
将上述算法应用于IEEE30节点的电压/无功控制，计算结果达到
了预期的效果。并应用于某地区电网的电压/无功控制，取得了令人满
意的效果。
ABSTRACT
Voltage and reactive power control is a effective measure to keep power system safety and economic, and a important method to improve voltage profile. It is valuable to study the problem of voltage and reactive power control.
According to the characteristic of local networks, the algorithm of voltage correcting and reactive power operating optimization are presented in this paper. The corresponding software is also developed. The main research work can be descried as follows:
The algorithm of voltage correcting based substation is presented with Expert experience. It is suitable to the voltage violation of substation low bus and calculates fast. A new modal base sensitivity analysis is put forward. It calculates faster and is suitable to the voltage violation of any bus. It applies P-Q decoupling and disposes transformer and capacity to node reactive current inject to compute efficiency coefficients(ECs) . And control variables are coordinated in proportion to their respective ECs.
An improved direct method of reactive power optimization is presented in this paper. Its mathematical modal is formed with minimum loss increment as objective function. Transformer is equivalent to node reactive power inject.
On base of voltage correcting and reactive power optimization, a new scheme of real-time voltage and reactive power control is presented.
The proposed algorithms are applied to the IEEE 30-bus system and an actual electric network. The validaty and efficiency are confirmed by the numerical results.
引文
[1]朱太秀，“电力系统优化潮流与无功优化”，电网技术，1990年11月，第4期
[2]孟杰，“电力系统无功优化方法的研究”，华北电力大学(北京)研究生论文，1996
[3]熊信良，曹顺生，“电力系统无功补偿最优配置非线性模型”，1990年11月，辽宁大连，中国电机工程学会电力系统计算学会议论文集
[4]姚诸香，涂慧亚，徐国禹，“基于灵敏度分析的无功优化潮流”，1997年11月，电力系统自动化
[5]徐国禹，赵尤新，“用敏感度方法分析计算电力系统无功功率最优控制问题”，重庆大学电气工程系硕士论文，1985，4
[6]Eric Hobson, "NETWORK CONSTRAINED REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-99,No.3, May/June 1980
[7]J. Qiu, S. M. Shahidehpour, "A New Approach for Minimizing Power Loss and Improving Voltage Profile, IEEE Trans., Vol. PWRS-2,May 1987
[8]N. I. Deeb, S. M. Shahidehpour, "AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQE FOR REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH USING A REVISED LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH", Electric Power System Research, 15(1989)121-134
[9]张万椿，董元汉，“电力系统无功优化的一种新方法及其在大系统无功补偿规划中的应用，成都科技大学电力工程系硕士论文，1986．1
[10]Chang S et al. Optimal real-time voltage control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1990;Vol 5, No 3.
[11]黄梅，龚强等，“利用SCADA系统实时数据进行电网无功优化计算”，电力系统自动化，198，Vol22，No8．
[12]Nedal Deeb, S. M Shahidehpour, "LINEAR REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION IN A LARGE POWER NETWORK USING THE DECOMPOSITION APPROACH", 89 SM 695-8 PWRS
[13]S. Rama Iyer, K. Ramachandran, S. Hariharan, "OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER Vol.14, No.4, November.1999
ALLOCTION FOR IMPROVED SYSTEM PERFORMANCE", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS-103, No.6, June 1984
[14] N.I.Deeb, S.M.Shahidehpour, "DECOMPOSITION APPROACH FIR MINIMISING REAL POWER LOSSES IN POWER SYSTEMS", IEEE PROCEEDINGS_C , Vol.138, No.1, January 1991
[15] M.Chis, M.M.A.Saiama, S.Jayaram , "Capacitor placement in distribution sysytems using heuristic search strategies" ,IEE Proceedings online no. 19970945
[16] B. VENKATESH al. "Fuzzy Logic Based Successive LP method for Reactive Power Optimization", Electric Machines and Power Systems, 27: 1141-1160, 1999
[17] Jesus Lumbreras, Jose L.Fermamdez, Tomas Gomez, "REACTIVE POWER PLANNING BY SEQUENTIAL LINEAR PROGRAMMING : A NEW APPROACH " Intemation Journal of Energy Systems , Vol. 10 , No. 1, 1992
[18] K.H.Abdul-Rahman, S.M. Shahidehpour, M.Daneshdoost, "AI APPROACH TO OPTIMAL VAR CONTROL WITH FUZZY REACTIVE LOADS ", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.10, No.1, February 1995
[19] Ying-Tung Hsiao, Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Chun-Chang Liu, Yuan-Lin Chen, "A COMPUTER PACKAGE FOR OPTIMAL MULTI-OBJECTIVE VAR PLANNING IN LARGE SCALE POWER SYSTEMS ", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , Vol.9 , No.2, May 1994
[20] Yuan-Lin Chen, Chun-Chang Liu, "OPTIMAL MULTI-OBJECTIVE VAR PLANNING USING AN INTERACTIVE SATISFYING METHOD " , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.10, No.2, May 1995
[21] 马晋鼗等，“遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用”，中国电机工程学会学报
[22] Kenji Iba, "REACTIVE POWER PLANNING BY GENETIC ALGORITHM", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.9, No.2, May 1994
[23] Kwang Y.Lee, Xiaomin Bai, Young_Moom Park, "OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR REACTIVE POWER PLANNING BY UING A MODIFIED SIMPLE GENETIC ALGORITHM", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.10, No.4, November 1995
[24] Alberto J. Urdaneta el. "mixed genetic algorithm Based Successive LP method for Reactive Power Optimization", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
[25]孙洪波，“电力网络规划”，重庆大学出版社
[26]Jose L. Martinez Ramos el. "Sensitivity-based reactive power control for voltage profile improvment", IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.8, NO.3, Auguest 1993.
[27]徐英辉，“电力系统无功优化方法的研究与应用”，华北电力大学(北京)硕士论文，1998年12月。
[28]谭浩强，“C程序设计”，清华出版社
[2]孟杰，“电力系统无功优化方法的研究”，华北电力大学(北京)研究生论文，1996
[3]熊信良，曹顺生，“电力系统无功补偿最优配置非线性模型”，1990年11月，辽宁大连，中国电机工程学会电力系统计算学会议论文集
[4]姚诸香，涂慧亚，徐国禹，“基于灵敏度分析的无功优化潮流”，1997年11月，电力系统自动化
[5]徐国禹，赵尤新，“用敏感度方法分析计算电力系统无功功率最优控制问题”，重庆大学电气工程系硕士论文，1985，4
[6]Eric Hobson, "NETWORK CONSTRAINED REACTIVE POWER CONTROL USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-99,No.3, May/June 1980
[7]J. Qiu, S. M. Shahidehpour, "A New Approach for Minimizing Power Loss and Improving Voltage Profile, IEEE Trans., Vol. PWRS-2,May 1987
[8]N. I. Deeb, S. M. Shahidehpour, "AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQE FOR REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH USING A REVISED LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH", Electric Power System Research, 15(1989)121-134
[9]张万椿，董元汉，“电力系统无功优化的一种新方法及其在大系统无功补偿规划中的应用，成都科技大学电力工程系硕士论文，1986．1
[10]Chang S et al. Optimal real-time voltage control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1990;Vol 5, No 3.
[11]黄梅，龚强等，“利用SCADA系统实时数据进行电网无功优化计算”，电力系统自动化，198，Vol22，No8．
[12]Nedal Deeb, S. M Shahidehpour, "LINEAR REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION IN A LARGE POWER NETWORK USING THE DECOMPOSITION APPROACH", 89 SM 695-8 PWRS
[13]S. Rama Iyer, K. Ramachandran, S. Hariharan, "OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER Vol.14, No.4, November.1999
ALLOCTION FOR IMPROVED SYSTEM PERFORMANCE", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS-103, No.6, June 1984
[14] N.I.Deeb, S.M.Shahidehpour, "DECOMPOSITION APPROACH FIR MINIMISING REAL POWER LOSSES IN POWER SYSTEMS", IEEE PROCEEDINGS_C , Vol.138, No.1, January 1991
[15] M.Chis, M.M.A.Saiama, S.Jayaram , "Capacitor placement in distribution sysytems using heuristic search strategies" ,IEE Proceedings online no. 19970945
[16] B. VENKATESH al. "Fuzzy Logic Based Successive LP method for Reactive Power Optimization", Electric Machines and Power Systems, 27: 1141-1160, 1999
[17] Jesus Lumbreras, Jose L.Fermamdez, Tomas Gomez, "REACTIVE POWER PLANNING BY SEQUENTIAL LINEAR PROGRAMMING : A NEW APPROACH " Intemation Journal of Energy Systems , Vol. 10 , No. 1, 1992
[18] K.H.Abdul-Rahman, S.M. Shahidehpour, M.Daneshdoost, "AI APPROACH TO OPTIMAL VAR CONTROL WITH FUZZY REACTIVE LOADS ", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.10, No.1, February 1995
[19] Ying-Tung Hsiao, Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Chun-Chang Liu, Yuan-Lin Chen, "A COMPUTER PACKAGE FOR OPTIMAL MULTI-OBJECTIVE VAR PLANNING IN LARGE SCALE POWER SYSTEMS ", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , Vol.9 , No.2, May 1994
[20] Yuan-Lin Chen, Chun-Chang Liu, "OPTIMAL MULTI-OBJECTIVE VAR PLANNING USING AN INTERACTIVE SATISFYING METHOD " , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.10, No.2, May 1995
[21] 马晋鼗等，“遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用”，中国电机工程学会学报
[22] Kenji Iba, "REACTIVE POWER PLANNING BY GENETIC ALGORITHM", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.9, No.2, May 1994
[23] Kwang Y.Lee, Xiaomin Bai, Young_Moom Park, "OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR REACTIVE POWER PLANNING BY UING A MODIFIED SIMPLE GENETIC ALGORITHM", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.10, No.4, November 1995
[24] Alberto J. Urdaneta el. "mixed genetic algorithm Based Successive LP method for Reactive Power Optimization", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
[25]孙洪波，“电力网络规划”，重庆大学出版社
[26]Jose L. Martinez Ramos el. "Sensitivity-based reactive power control for voltage profile improvment", IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.8, NO.3, Auguest 1993.
[27]徐英辉，“电力系统无功优化方法的研究与应用”，华北电力大学(北京)硕士论文，1998年12月。
[28]谭浩强，“C程序设计”，清华出版社