新义煤矿三软煤层巷道围岩稳定与支护技术研究
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摘要
随着我国煤矿开采越来越趋向深部,煤矿软岩问题便越来越突出,特别是三软煤层回采巷道的围岩控制问题。本文在研究分析了大量相关资料和现场调查的基础上,归纳了软岩巷道的工程特性以及失稳变形的特征和影响因素。根据国内外研究现状,并以义马煤业集团新义煤矿11011顺槽为研究对象,采用实验室实验和现场试验相结合的方法,研究复杂应力状态下巷道围岩的应力分布特征、巷道变形破坏特征。通过在现场实测围岩应力并进行地质力学评价;采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,模拟在不同的支护形式下巷道围岩的位移、应力分布及围岩塑性区大小等情况,最终选择出最佳的支护方式及其合理的支护参数。当冲击性倾向较弱或无冲击性,煤层厚度较大较硬时,可采用微拱巷道工字钢支护,巷道沿煤层底布置;当冲击性倾向中等时,可采用外扎腿U型棚支护,巷道沿煤层中部布置;当冲击性倾向较明显时,采用O型棚支护,巷道可沿煤层顶部布置。最后,在新义煤矿12011工作面运输巷进行了现场工业性试验。试验观测表明,总体变形得到很好的控制,支护效果明显,说明应用这种支护方式是合理的。
Along with the mines toward deep level in China,the problems of soft rock are becoming more and more outstanding, especially controlling surrounding rock of three-soft coal seam. In this thesis, based on many relevant materials, in-situ investigation, the soft rock tunnel engineering properties, character and influencing factors of buckling deformation are summarized. Based on the domestic and foreign research existing state and the geological condition of 11011 gateway in Xinyi Mine, Ltd. Adopting the combining method of laboratory and industrial experiment, the characteristics of tunnel stress distribution and roadway deformation are studied under the complex stressed state. Surrounding rock stress was measured in-situ and geomechanics was evaluated. Use the numerical simulation software FLAC3D. Simulating the displacement, stress distribution and surrounding rock plastic zone in different forms of support, finally the best support and rational support parameters are chosen. The micro arch roadway I-beam steel support is adopted and arranged along the bottom of coal seam when the impact is weak or no impact tendency and coal seam is hard-and-thick. The valgus leg U-shaped tent support is adopted and arranged the middle of coal seam when the impact is medium. The circular support is adopted and arranged along the top half of coal seam. At last, the in-situ industrial experiment is carried in 12011 coal transportation lane. The result indicated that the deformation of surrounding rock can be controlled very well and supporting effect was remarkable. It shows that the support project is reasonable.
Along with the mines toward deep level in China,the problems of soft rock are becoming more and more outstanding, especially controlling surrounding rock of three-soft coal seam. In this thesis, based on many relevant materials, in-situ investigation, the soft rock tunnel engineering properties, character and influencing factors of buckling deformation are summarized. Based on the domestic and foreign research existing state and the geological condition of 11011 gateway in Xinyi Mine, Ltd. Adopting the combining method of laboratory and industrial experiment, the characteristics of tunnel stress distribution and roadway deformation are studied under the complex stressed state. Surrounding rock stress was measured in-situ and geomechanics was evaluated. Use the numerical simulation software FLAC3D. Simulating the displacement, stress distribution and surrounding rock plastic zone in different forms of support, finally the best support and rational support parameters are chosen. The micro arch roadway I-beam steel support is adopted and arranged along the bottom of coal seam when the impact is weak or no impact tendency and coal seam is hard-and-thick. The valgus leg U-shaped tent support is adopted and arranged the middle of coal seam when the impact is medium. The circular support is adopted and arranged along the top half of coal seam. At last, the in-situ industrial experiment is carried in 12011 coal transportation lane. The result indicated that the deformation of surrounding rock can be controlled very well and supporting effect was remarkable. It shows that the support project is reasonable.
引文
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[8]郑颖人.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
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[12] 0.Aydan The stabilisation of Rock Engintering structures by bolts,oct.1989.
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[14] L.米勒.新奥法支护理论[J].地下工程,1980(6) [12].
[15]李晓红.隧道新奥法及其量测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]李世平.岩石力学简明教程[M].北京:中国矿院出版社,1986.
[17]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定性的力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982.2(l):1-19.
[18]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983,1.
[19]于学馥等.岩石记忆与开挖理论[M].冶金工业出版社,1993.
[20]于学馥等.岩石力学新概念与开挖结构优化设计[M].科学出版社,1995.
[21]冯豫.我国软岩巷道支护的研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1990.(2):1-5.
[22]陆家梁.软岩巷道支护原则及支护方法[J].软岩工程,1990.(3):20-24.
[23]郑雨天.关于软岩巷道地压与支护的基本观点[C].软岩巷道掘进与支护论文集,1985. (5) :3-35.
[24]朱效嘉.锚杆支护理论进展[J].光爆锚喷,1996.(3):l-4.
[25]何满潮.软岩工程概论[M],中国矿业大学出版社,1993. 10.
[26]康红普.巷道围岩的承载圈分析[J].岩土力学,1996 (12) : 84-89.
[27]康红普.巷道围岩的关键圈理论[J].力学与实践,1997 (1) : 34-36.
[28]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994, (2) 21-32.
[29]靖洪文,傅国彬,郭志宏等.深井巷道围岩松动圈影响因素实测分析及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999, 18 (1) : 70-74.
[30]方祖烈.拉压域特征及主次承载区的维护理论[C].世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999,48-52.
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[32]何满潮.世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[33]钱鸣高等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业人学出版社,2003, 10.
[34]柏建彪,侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制原理与应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006, 35 (2) :145-148.
[35]潘立友.软岩底板侵入理论与实践[J].岩土工程学报. 1996.2: 48-50.
[36]陈仲先,汤雷.高地应力大型地下洞室的位移和锚杆应力特性[J].岩十工程学报,2000,3: 294-298.
[37] Najdat I.Aziz&Syd S.Peng.Ground Conirol in Mining[M].West Virginia University Press, July,1992.
[38] He Manchao,Duan Qingwei,Sun Xiaoming.Computer numerical simulation of soft rock in China .Comptuer applications in the minerals industires[J].Xie,Wang and Jiang (eds)2001,Rotledram.AABalkema Publishers,2001.697-700.
[39] He Manchao. Current Condition for Mechanics of Soft rock in China. Rock Engineering[J].The Korean Institute of Mining Energy Press,1996,425-433.
[40]宫显斌,复合顶板条件下煤巷锚杆支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2000,28(10): 7-9.
[41]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994,5.
[42]吕福军.龙口矿区“三软”不稳定煤层炮放技术的分析研究[D].沈阳:东北大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[43]李达军.深部软岩巷道卸压支护技术研究[J].矿业工程研究,2009,24(6): 10-13.
[44]何满潮.中国煤矿软岩工程地质力学研究进展[J].煤,2000,9 (1): 6-11.
[45]徐志英.岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1989.
[46]李春玉,张海戈,王志勤等.三软煤层放顶煤的矿压特点及液压支架的设计和实践[J].中国煤炭,1995(6):28-32.
[47]何满潮,袁和生等.中国煤矿锚杆支护理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2004.4.
[48]杨万斌.坚硬表层顶板锚杆支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27 (3): 4-5.
[49]何满潮,邹正盛,邹友锋.软岩巷道工程概论[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1993.10.
[50] C. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Lu. Deformational behaviour of roadways in soft rocks in underground coal mines and principles for stability control[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences.2000.3.
[51]王永秀,毛德兵,齐庆新.数值模拟中煤岩层物理力学参数确定的研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(6):593-597.
[52]高磊.矿山岩体力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[53] Mohammad N,Reddish D J,Stace L R.The relation between in-situ and laboratory rock properties used in numerical modeling[J ].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci,1997,34 (2): 289-297.
[2]孟宪锐等.难采煤层分类及开采技术经济研究[J].煤,1996,5 (1): 39-42.
[3]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[4] Qian Qi-hu. The key problems of deep underground space development[A]. In:The Key Technical Problems of Base Research in Deep Underground Space Development the 230th Xiangshan Science Conference[C]. 2004. (in Chinese).
[5]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.
[6]勾攀峰,侯朝炯.回采巷道锚杆支护顶板稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24 (5) : 465-470.
[7]重庆建筑工程学院,同济大学编.岩体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
[8]郑颖人.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[9]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[10]徐志英.岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1989.
[11] T.Franzen shotcrete for underground support a state of the art report with focus on steel fibre reinfor cement[J]. Rock support in Mining and Undergroud Constructor,1992.
[12] 0.Aydan The stabilisation of Rock Engintering structures by bolts,oct.1989.
[13]何满潮.煤矿软岩工程技术现状及展望[J].中国煤炭,1998.6:26-45.
[14] L.米勒.新奥法支护理论[J].地下工程,1980(6) [12].
[15]李晓红.隧道新奥法及其量测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]李世平.岩石力学简明教程[M].北京:中国矿院出版社,1986.
[17]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定性的力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982.2(l):1-19.
[18]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983,1.
[19]于学馥等.岩石记忆与开挖理论[M].冶金工业出版社,1993.
[20]于学馥等.岩石力学新概念与开挖结构优化设计[M].科学出版社,1995.
[21]冯豫.我国软岩巷道支护的研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1990.(2):1-5.
[22]陆家梁.软岩巷道支护原则及支护方法[J].软岩工程,1990.(3):20-24.
[23]郑雨天.关于软岩巷道地压与支护的基本观点[C].软岩巷道掘进与支护论文集,1985. (5) :3-35.
[24]朱效嘉.锚杆支护理论进展[J].光爆锚喷,1996.(3):l-4.
[25]何满潮.软岩工程概论[M],中国矿业大学出版社,1993. 10.
[26]康红普.巷道围岩的承载圈分析[J].岩土力学,1996 (12) : 84-89.
[27]康红普.巷道围岩的关键圈理论[J].力学与实践,1997 (1) : 34-36.
[28]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994, (2) 21-32.
[29]靖洪文,傅国彬,郭志宏等.深井巷道围岩松动圈影响因素实测分析及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999, 18 (1) : 70-74.
[30]方祖烈.拉压域特征及主次承载区的维护理论[C].世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999,48-52.
[31]李庶林等.应力控制技术及其应用综述[J].岩土力学,1997,18(l):90-96.
[32]何满潮.世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[33]钱鸣高等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业人学出版社,2003, 10.
[34]柏建彪,侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制原理与应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006, 35 (2) :145-148.
[35]潘立友.软岩底板侵入理论与实践[J].岩土工程学报. 1996.2: 48-50.
[36]陈仲先,汤雷.高地应力大型地下洞室的位移和锚杆应力特性[J].岩十工程学报,2000,3: 294-298.
[37] Najdat I.Aziz&Syd S.Peng.Ground Conirol in Mining[M].West Virginia University Press, July,1992.
[38] He Manchao,Duan Qingwei,Sun Xiaoming.Computer numerical simulation of soft rock in China .Comptuer applications in the minerals industires[J].Xie,Wang and Jiang (eds)2001,Rotledram.AABalkema Publishers,2001.697-700.
[39] He Manchao. Current Condition for Mechanics of Soft rock in China. Rock Engineering[J].The Korean Institute of Mining Energy Press,1996,425-433.
[40]宫显斌,复合顶板条件下煤巷锚杆支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2000,28(10): 7-9.
[41]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994,5.
[42]吕福军.龙口矿区“三软”不稳定煤层炮放技术的分析研究[D].沈阳:东北大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[43]李达军.深部软岩巷道卸压支护技术研究[J].矿业工程研究,2009,24(6): 10-13.
[44]何满潮.中国煤矿软岩工程地质力学研究进展[J].煤,2000,9 (1): 6-11.
[45]徐志英.岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1989.
[46]李春玉,张海戈,王志勤等.三软煤层放顶煤的矿压特点及液压支架的设计和实践[J].中国煤炭,1995(6):28-32.
[47]何满潮,袁和生等.中国煤矿锚杆支护理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2004.4.
[48]杨万斌.坚硬表层顶板锚杆支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27 (3): 4-5.
[49]何满潮,邹正盛,邹友锋.软岩巷道工程概论[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1993.10.
[50] C. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Lu. Deformational behaviour of roadways in soft rocks in underground coal mines and principles for stability control[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences.2000.3.
[51]王永秀,毛德兵,齐庆新.数值模拟中煤岩层物理力学参数确定的研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(6):593-597.
[52]高磊.矿山岩体力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[53] Mohammad N,Reddish D J,Stace L R.The relation between in-situ and laboratory rock properties used in numerical modeling[J ].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci,1997,34 (2): 289-297.