气象探空仪试验用太阳模拟器研究
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摘要
太阳模拟器是一种在地面上模拟太阳光辐照特性的试验与测试设备,其主要作用是提供具有真实太阳光谱分布的、稳定的、均匀的太阳辐射源,且辐照强度可设置与控制。太阳模拟器在太阳能的利用、卫星姿态部件的测试标定、遥感技术及材料测量等方面起着非常重要的作用。
本论文对国内外太阳模拟器的研究现状和发展趋势作了简略的叙述,提出了气象探空仪试验用太阳模拟器的总体设计方案、光学系统结构布局和工作原理。此设计采用的是同轴透射式光学结构的设计方案,针对太阳模拟器光学系统进行了优化设计,为了获得高利用率的聚光效果,聚光系统采用椭球聚光镜;为满足太阳模拟器辐照面均匀性的要求,采用了光学积分器并增加了光通道数目。文中还介绍了辐照面内辐照度的计算方法,并详细分析了光学积分器对太阳模拟器辐照均匀性的影响。最后,通过理论分析和对太阳模拟器辐照面的辐照度、辐照均匀性和辐照稳定度等技术指标的测试,验证了所设计太阳模拟器的合理性。
The sun simulator, which simulates the property of solar radiation on the ground, is a kind of equipment used for test and measurement. The main role is to provide solar radiation source, which is the true distribution of the solar spectrum, stable, uniform, and the irradiation intensity can be set up and control. The solar simulator plays a very important role in many fields, such as utilization of solar energy, examination and calibration of the device of satellite state, remote sensing technology, material measurement, and so on.
In this article, the internal and international research status and development on solar simulator is summarized. It advanced the overall design project of the sun simulator for weather sonde experiment, the structure of the optical system and the operating principle of sun simulator. It used a coaxial transmission-type optical structure design project. According to the optical system of the sun simulator, it made optimization design. In order to obtain higher utilization of condenser effect, the condensing system used ellipsoid condenser; to meet the requirements of irradiation uniformity of the sun simulator, the optical system applied optical integrator and increased the number of optical channel. The article also introduced the calculation methods about irradiance in irradiation surface, and made a detailed analysis of the effects of the irradiation uniformity of the sun simulator from the optical integrator. Finally, we verified the design method of the sun simulator through theoretical analysis and testing irradiance, irradiation uniformity, irradiation stability and other technical indicators of the solar simulator.
本论文对国内外太阳模拟器的研究现状和发展趋势作了简略的叙述,提出了气象探空仪试验用太阳模拟器的总体设计方案、光学系统结构布局和工作原理。此设计采用的是同轴透射式光学结构的设计方案,针对太阳模拟器光学系统进行了优化设计,为了获得高利用率的聚光效果,聚光系统采用椭球聚光镜;为满足太阳模拟器辐照面均匀性的要求,采用了光学积分器并增加了光通道数目。文中还介绍了辐照面内辐照度的计算方法,并详细分析了光学积分器对太阳模拟器辐照均匀性的影响。最后,通过理论分析和对太阳模拟器辐照面的辐照度、辐照均匀性和辐照稳定度等技术指标的测试,验证了所设计太阳模拟器的合理性。
The sun simulator, which simulates the property of solar radiation on the ground, is a kind of equipment used for test and measurement. The main role is to provide solar radiation source, which is the true distribution of the solar spectrum, stable, uniform, and the irradiation intensity can be set up and control. The solar simulator plays a very important role in many fields, such as utilization of solar energy, examination and calibration of the device of satellite state, remote sensing technology, material measurement, and so on.
In this article, the internal and international research status and development on solar simulator is summarized. It advanced the overall design project of the sun simulator for weather sonde experiment, the structure of the optical system and the operating principle of sun simulator. It used a coaxial transmission-type optical structure design project. According to the optical system of the sun simulator, it made optimization design. In order to obtain higher utilization of condenser effect, the condensing system used ellipsoid condenser; to meet the requirements of irradiation uniformity of the sun simulator, the optical system applied optical integrator and increased the number of optical channel. The article also introduced the calculation methods about irradiance in irradiation surface, and made a detailed analysis of the effects of the irradiation uniformity of the sun simulator from the optical integrator. Finally, we verified the design method of the sun simulator through theoretical analysis and testing irradiance, irradiation uniformity, irradiation stability and other technical indicators of the solar simulator.
引文
[1]吕文华,莫月琴,杨云.太阳模拟器在辐射仪器检测中的应用.应用气象学报,2001,12(2):196-201
[2]刘洪波.太阳模拟技术.光学 精密工程,2001,9(2):177-181
[3]Cesar Dominguez,Ignacio Anton,Gabriel Sala.Solar simulator for concentrator photovoltaic systems.Optics Express,2008,16(19):14894-14901
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T12637-1990.太阳模拟器通用规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1990
[5]黄本诚.空间模拟器设计.北京:宇航出版社,1994:169-189
[6]Jorg Petrasch,Patrick Coray,Anton Meier,et al.A Novel 50 kW 11,000 suns High-Flux Solar Simulator Based on an Array of Xenon Arc Lamps.Journal of Solar Energy Engineering:Transactions of the ASME,2007,129(4):405-411
[7]PANG Hewei,HUANG Bencheng,ZANG Youzhu.Design of KM6 Solar Simulator.Space Probe Entironment Engineering,2003,20(1):1-4
[8]陈加成.太阳模拟器控制系统研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2008
[9]赵吉林,仲跻功,陈兴.TM—3000A1太阳模拟器的研究.太阳能学报,1981,2(4):417-424
[10]李刚,周彦平.卫星仿真测试用太阳模拟器和地球模拟器设计.红外技术,2007,29(5):283-287
[11]庞贺伟,黄本诚,臧友竹等.KM6太阳模拟器设计概述.航天器环境工程,2006,23(3):125-133
[12]M Bennett,R Podlesny.Tow Source Simulation For Improved Solar Simulation.Proc.of the 21th IEEE PV Specialists Conf,1990:1438-1442
[13]I Powell.New concept for a system suitable for solar simulation.Applied Optics,1980,19(2):329-334
[14]王浚,黄本城,万才大等.环境模拟技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[15]EDD Y.Design and construction of the JPL SS15B solar simulate.Third Space Simulation Conference,USA,1968,7(9):16-18
[16]F Naggamine.New solar simulator for Muti-Junction solar cell measurements.Proc.of the 23th DEEE PV Specialists Conf,1993:686-690
[17]王元,张林华.一种新型全光谱太阳模拟器设计.太阳能学报,2006,27(11):1132-1136
[18]Robert A Olson,Jack H Parker.Carbon arc solar simulator.Applied Optics,1991,30(10):1290-1293
[19]邵若燕,林文正,刘建军等.连续氚灯在太阳模拟器中的应用研究.光源与照明,2008,(4):18-20
[20]Hamid Hemmati.Deep Space Optical Communications.Permissions Department,2006,4:181-191
[21]张岩.超高亮度短弧放电灯的反射光利用效率.现代应用光学,2008.3:24-27
[22]W.H.Steyn,M.J.Jacobs,P.J.Oosthuizen.A High Performance Star Sensor System for Full Attitude Determination on a Microsatellite.Symposium on Automatic Control in Aerospace,2002,9(3):1-13
[23]G Jungst,P Lopez,E Fernandez Lisbona.Spectrometric characterization of a pulsed solar simulator.21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,2006
[24]彭小静,徐林,郭泽.A级太阳模拟器的光谱校正.太阳能学报,2008,29(11):1324-1327
[25]仲跻功.非球面聚光镜辐照度分布的计算方法.太阳能学报,1985,6(1):41-47
[26]仲跻功.太阳模拟器光学系统的几个问题.太阳能学报,1983,4(2):187-193
[27]董良军.太阳模拟器设计及研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京理工大学,1997
[28]R.Hulstrom,B.Bird,C.RiordanSpectral.Solar Irradiance Data Sets of Selected Terrestrial Conditions.Solar Cells,1985,15:365-391
[29]杨志明.太阳模拟器光学系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,1993
[30]仲跻功.提高光学积分器均匀化效果的有关问题.光学精密工程,1983,5:28-32
[31]Ryuichi,Shimokawa.Supplementary-light method for Measuring the conversion Efficiency of multifunction solar cells.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1989,(5):845-848
[32]关大立编译.俄罗斯大型空间模拟器(KVI)中小平面镜拼凑式太阳模拟器的研制与运行.环模技术,1995,3:72-75
[33]M Bodart,A Deneyer,A De Herde,et al.Design of a new single-patch sky and sun simulator.Lighting Research &Technology,2006,38(1):73-89
[34]王之江.实用光学技术手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[35]王素平,凌健博,刘立伟等.一种应用于太阳仿真器的照明系统设计.光电工程,2006,33(9):32-34
[36]徐亮.月亮模拟器光学系统设计与辐照度均匀性分析:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2009
[37]Bubka A,Bonato F,Palmisano S.Expanding and contracting optical flow patterns and simulator sickness.Space and Environmental Medicine,2007(78):4
[38]D.E.Steinmann.Design and testing of a solar kiln simulator.Holzals Roh-und Werkstoff,1990,48(12):445-448
[39]Akira Kikuchi.Illumination optical system.U.S.Patent:4953937,1990
[40]尉敏.太阳辐射全光谱模拟人工光源的实验研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004
[41]张国玉,吕文华,贺晓雷等.太阳模拟器辐照均匀性分析.中国光学与应用光学,2009,2(1):41-45
[42]杜温钖,李福田,周秀良.均匀照明和照度分布计算.光学 精密工程,1978,4:1-6
[43]Lu Wenhua,Mo Yueqin.A Laboratory Test Facility for Solar Radiation Instruments and Its Applications.WMO/TD-No.877,1998:361-364
[44]Kohraku S,Kurokawa K.A fundamental experiment for discrete-wavelength LED solar simulator.Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2006,90(18-19):3364-3370
[45]向艳红,张容,黄本诚.KFTA太阳模拟器辐照均匀性仿真.航天器环境工程,2006,23(5):288-292
[46]Philipona R,Heimo A,Hoegger B.Investigations of solar radiation detectors using a laboratory test facility for solar radiation meteorological instrument.Solar Energy,1993,51:159-163
[47]袁亚飞,刘民,杨亦强.太阳模拟器辐照不均匀性测试系统的研制.电子测量与仪器学报,2007:238-240
[48]刘宏波,陈兰峰.一种新型的用于医疗保健的模拟太阳光装置.光学 精密工程,1997,5(3):64-69
[49]吴大军.太阳模拟器辐照度控制技术研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006
[2]刘洪波.太阳模拟技术.光学 精密工程,2001,9(2):177-181
[3]Cesar Dominguez,Ignacio Anton,Gabriel Sala.Solar simulator for concentrator photovoltaic systems.Optics Express,2008,16(19):14894-14901
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T12637-1990.太阳模拟器通用规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1990
[5]黄本诚.空间模拟器设计.北京:宇航出版社,1994:169-189
[6]Jorg Petrasch,Patrick Coray,Anton Meier,et al.A Novel 50 kW 11,000 suns High-Flux Solar Simulator Based on an Array of Xenon Arc Lamps.Journal of Solar Energy Engineering:Transactions of the ASME,2007,129(4):405-411
[7]PANG Hewei,HUANG Bencheng,ZANG Youzhu.Design of KM6 Solar Simulator.Space Probe Entironment Engineering,2003,20(1):1-4
[8]陈加成.太阳模拟器控制系统研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2008
[9]赵吉林,仲跻功,陈兴.TM—3000A1太阳模拟器的研究.太阳能学报,1981,2(4):417-424
[10]李刚,周彦平.卫星仿真测试用太阳模拟器和地球模拟器设计.红外技术,2007,29(5):283-287
[11]庞贺伟,黄本诚,臧友竹等.KM6太阳模拟器设计概述.航天器环境工程,2006,23(3):125-133
[12]M Bennett,R Podlesny.Tow Source Simulation For Improved Solar Simulation.Proc.of the 21th IEEE PV Specialists Conf,1990:1438-1442
[13]I Powell.New concept for a system suitable for solar simulation.Applied Optics,1980,19(2):329-334
[14]王浚,黄本城,万才大等.环境模拟技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[15]EDD Y.Design and construction of the JPL SS15B solar simulate.Third Space Simulation Conference,USA,1968,7(9):16-18
[16]F Naggamine.New solar simulator for Muti-Junction solar cell measurements.Proc.of the 23th DEEE PV Specialists Conf,1993:686-690
[17]王元,张林华.一种新型全光谱太阳模拟器设计.太阳能学报,2006,27(11):1132-1136
[18]Robert A Olson,Jack H Parker.Carbon arc solar simulator.Applied Optics,1991,30(10):1290-1293
[19]邵若燕,林文正,刘建军等.连续氚灯在太阳模拟器中的应用研究.光源与照明,2008,(4):18-20
[20]Hamid Hemmati.Deep Space Optical Communications.Permissions Department,2006,4:181-191
[21]张岩.超高亮度短弧放电灯的反射光利用效率.现代应用光学,2008.3:24-27
[22]W.H.Steyn,M.J.Jacobs,P.J.Oosthuizen.A High Performance Star Sensor System for Full Attitude Determination on a Microsatellite.Symposium on Automatic Control in Aerospace,2002,9(3):1-13
[23]G Jungst,P Lopez,E Fernandez Lisbona.Spectrometric characterization of a pulsed solar simulator.21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,2006
[24]彭小静,徐林,郭泽.A级太阳模拟器的光谱校正.太阳能学报,2008,29(11):1324-1327
[25]仲跻功.非球面聚光镜辐照度分布的计算方法.太阳能学报,1985,6(1):41-47
[26]仲跻功.太阳模拟器光学系统的几个问题.太阳能学报,1983,4(2):187-193
[27]董良军.太阳模拟器设计及研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京理工大学,1997
[28]R.Hulstrom,B.Bird,C.RiordanSpectral.Solar Irradiance Data Sets of Selected Terrestrial Conditions.Solar Cells,1985,15:365-391
[29]杨志明.太阳模拟器光学系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,1993
[30]仲跻功.提高光学积分器均匀化效果的有关问题.光学精密工程,1983,5:28-32
[31]Ryuichi,Shimokawa.Supplementary-light method for Measuring the conversion Efficiency of multifunction solar cells.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1989,(5):845-848
[32]关大立编译.俄罗斯大型空间模拟器(KVI)中小平面镜拼凑式太阳模拟器的研制与运行.环模技术,1995,3:72-75
[33]M Bodart,A Deneyer,A De Herde,et al.Design of a new single-patch sky and sun simulator.Lighting Research &Technology,2006,38(1):73-89
[34]王之江.实用光学技术手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[35]王素平,凌健博,刘立伟等.一种应用于太阳仿真器的照明系统设计.光电工程,2006,33(9):32-34
[36]徐亮.月亮模拟器光学系统设计与辐照度均匀性分析:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2009
[37]Bubka A,Bonato F,Palmisano S.Expanding and contracting optical flow patterns and simulator sickness.Space and Environmental Medicine,2007(78):4
[38]D.E.Steinmann.Design and testing of a solar kiln simulator.Holzals Roh-und Werkstoff,1990,48(12):445-448
[39]Akira Kikuchi.Illumination optical system.U.S.Patent:4953937,1990
[40]尉敏.太阳辐射全光谱模拟人工光源的实验研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004
[41]张国玉,吕文华,贺晓雷等.太阳模拟器辐照均匀性分析.中国光学与应用光学,2009,2(1):41-45
[42]杜温钖,李福田,周秀良.均匀照明和照度分布计算.光学 精密工程,1978,4:1-6
[43]Lu Wenhua,Mo Yueqin.A Laboratory Test Facility for Solar Radiation Instruments and Its Applications.WMO/TD-No.877,1998:361-364
[44]Kohraku S,Kurokawa K.A fundamental experiment for discrete-wavelength LED solar simulator.Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2006,90(18-19):3364-3370
[45]向艳红,张容,黄本诚.KFTA太阳模拟器辐照均匀性仿真.航天器环境工程,2006,23(5):288-292
[46]Philipona R,Heimo A,Hoegger B.Investigations of solar radiation detectors using a laboratory test facility for solar radiation meteorological instrument.Solar Energy,1993,51:159-163
[47]袁亚飞,刘民,杨亦强.太阳模拟器辐照不均匀性测试系统的研制.电子测量与仪器学报,2007:238-240
[48]刘宏波,陈兰峰.一种新型的用于医疗保健的模拟太阳光装置.光学 精密工程,1997,5(3):64-69
[49]吴大军.太阳模拟器辐照度控制技术研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006