伴放线放线杆菌粗糙型与光滑型菌株生物学特性的初步研究
|
摘要
目的：1.研究伴放线放线杆菌同一菌株粗糙型和光滑型的生长曲线趋势。2.研究伴放线放线杆菌同一菌株粗糙型与光滑型菌株的菌体蛋白表达差异。
方法：1.采用液体培养基TSB培养伴放线放线杆菌临床分离株D7S及其光滑型变异菌株D7SS,用紫外分光光度计检测细菌密度,连续观测30h,分别绘制生长曲线。2.将伴放线放线杆菌临床菌株D7S及其光滑型菌株D7SS细菌全细胞进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色后比较两种表型的细菌蛋白表达的差异。采用免疫印迹法(Western Blot)观察两种表型细菌蛋白对单克隆抗体TEPC-15的反应情况。
结果：1、D7SS菌株比D7S菌株更早进入对数期和衰亡期；2、D7SS菌株和D7S菌株细菌全细胞蛋白电泳考马斯亮蓝染色时蛋白带未见明显差异；3、免疫印迹分析D7S菌株在分子量接近lOKu处存在对TEPC-15特异性反应的磷酸胆碱,而在D7SS菌株中未发现。
结论：伴放线放线杆菌D7S和其光滑型菌株D7SS在液体培养基TSB中的生长曲线不同；D7S和D7SS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)电泳后对TEPC-15抗体的反应性不同。
Objective:1. To draw growth curve of two different phenotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) from the same strain.2. To detect possible differences in the two bacterial protein expression.
Methods:1. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clinical isolates D7S and its smooth variant strain D7SS were cultured in the liquid culture medium TSB, and draw the growth curve after detecting the two bacterial strains'density every 2 hours during 30 hours using UV Spectrophotometer. 2. Compare the bacterial proteins by Coomassie brilliant blue after Polyacry lamide gel electrophoresis. And observe reaction to monoclonal antibody TEPC-15 by Western blot analysis.
Results:1.Aa D7SS strain entered into both logarithmic phase and decline phase earlier than D7S strain.2 There were no significant differences between their protein bands stained by Coomassie brilliant blue after whole-cell protein electrophoresis; 3. The analysis of Western Blot showed that Phosphorylcholine were found in D7S whose molecular weight was about 10Ku, but not in D7SS.
Conclusion:The research revealed that there were significant differences in the growth curve and reactivity with TEPC-15 antibody between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans D7S and its smooth variant strain D7SS.
方法：1.采用液体培养基TSB培养伴放线放线杆菌临床分离株D7S及其光滑型变异菌株D7SS,用紫外分光光度计检测细菌密度,连续观测30h,分别绘制生长曲线。2.将伴放线放线杆菌临床菌株D7S及其光滑型菌株D7SS细菌全细胞进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色后比较两种表型的细菌蛋白表达的差异。采用免疫印迹法(Western Blot)观察两种表型细菌蛋白对单克隆抗体TEPC-15的反应情况。
结果：1、D7SS菌株比D7S菌株更早进入对数期和衰亡期；2、D7SS菌株和D7S菌株细菌全细胞蛋白电泳考马斯亮蓝染色时蛋白带未见明显差异；3、免疫印迹分析D7S菌株在分子量接近lOKu处存在对TEPC-15特异性反应的磷酸胆碱,而在D7SS菌株中未发现。
结论：伴放线放线杆菌D7S和其光滑型菌株D7SS在液体培养基TSB中的生长曲线不同；D7S和D7SS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)电泳后对TEPC-15抗体的反应性不同。
Objective:1. To draw growth curve of two different phenotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) from the same strain.2. To detect possible differences in the two bacterial protein expression.
Methods:1. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clinical isolates D7S and its smooth variant strain D7SS were cultured in the liquid culture medium TSB, and draw the growth curve after detecting the two bacterial strains'density every 2 hours during 30 hours using UV Spectrophotometer. 2. Compare the bacterial proteins by Coomassie brilliant blue after Polyacry lamide gel electrophoresis. And observe reaction to monoclonal antibody TEPC-15 by Western blot analysis.
Results:1.Aa D7SS strain entered into both logarithmic phase and decline phase earlier than D7S strain.2 There were no significant differences between their protein bands stained by Coomassie brilliant blue after whole-cell protein electrophoresis; 3. The analysis of Western Blot showed that Phosphorylcholine were found in D7S whose molecular weight was about 10Ku, but not in D7SS.
Conclusion:The research revealed that there were significant differences in the growth curve and reactivity with TEPC-15 antibody between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans D7S and its smooth variant strain D7SS.
引文
1 Tonetti MS, Mombelli A. Early-onset periodontitis. Ann Periodontol,1999,4 (1) 39-53.
2 Slots J, Ting M. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontal disease:occurrence and treatment [J]. Periodontology 2000,1999 Jun,20:82-121.
3 Van Winkelhoff AJ, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in nonoral infections [J]. Periodontol 2000,1999 Jun,20:122-35
4 Sreenivasan PK, Meyer DH, Fives-Taylor PM. Factors influencing the growth and viability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans[J]. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 1993,8(6):361-9.
5 Haase EM, Amuda JL, Scannapieco FA. Identification and Molecular Analysis of Rough-colony-Specific Outer Membrnace Proteins of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans[J]. Infection and Immunity,1999,67(6):2901-8.
6 Nordenstam, G, Andersson B, Briles D etal. High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia[J]. Scand J Infect Dis,1990, 22 (2):187-195.
7 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus[J]. Science,1967.157(789):694-697.
8 Schenkein, H. A., J. C. Gunsolley, A. M. Best etal. Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases[J]. Infect Immun, 1999,67(9):4814-4818.
9 Gmur, R., T. Thurnheer, and B. Guggenheim. Dominant cross-reactive antibodies generated during the response to a variety of oral bacterial species detect phosphorylcholine[J]. J Dent Res,1999,78(1):77-85.
10 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus. Science,1967.157:694-697.
11 尹一兵,周东耀,张雪梅.肺炎链球菌磷壁酸胆碱成分介导细菌的侵袭[J].微生物学报,2004,44(3)：369-372.
12 Ohta H, Fukui K, Kato K. Effect of bicarbonate on the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in anaerobic fructose-limited chemostat culture.J Gen Microbiol,1989,135(12):3485-95
13 Sreenivasan PK, Meyer DH, Fives Taylor PM. Factors influencing the growth and viability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol.1993, 8 (6):361-69
14 Fives-Taylor PM, Meyer DH, Mintz KP, et al. Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans[J]. Periodontol 2000,1999 Jun,20:136-167
15 Inouye T, Ohta H, Kokeguchi S, FukuiK, Kato K. Colonial variation and fimbriation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett,1990,69(1-2) 57:13-17
16 陆德源.医学微生物学.第三版.北京,人民卫生出版社,1994,22.
17 王者玲,NobukoMaeda, Tomoko Ohshima等.伴放线放线杆菌菌落生长形态变化的观察[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2003,38(1)：52—55.
18 王者玲,DAISUKE Kato,大岛友子.放线共生放线杆菌粗糙型与光滑型菌落的主要外膜蛋白[J].中国微生态杂志,2002,14(3)：153-154.
19 Nordenstam, G, Andersson B, Briles D etal. High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia[J]. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1990.22 (2):187-95.
20 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus[J]. Science,1967,157(789):694-7.
21 Schenkein, H. A., J. C. Gunsolley, A. M. Best etal. Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases[J]. Infect. Immun, 1999,67(9):4814-8.
22 Weiser, J. N., N. Pan, K. L. McGowan etal. Phosphorylcholine on the lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae contributes to persistence in the respiratory tract and sensitivity to serum killing mediated by C-reactive protein [J]. J. Exp. Med,1998,187(4):631-40.
23 Weiser, J. N, M. Shchepetov, and S. T. H. Chong. Decoration of lipopolysaccharide with phosphorylcholine:a phase-variable characteristic of Haemophilus influenzae[J]. Infect. Immun,1997,65(3):943-50.
24 Fischer W, Behr T, Hartmann R, et al. Teichoic acid and lipoteichoicacid of S. pneumoniae possess identical chain structures. J Biochem,1993,215(3):851 —857.
25 Gerard N P, Ge rard C. Receptor-dependent internalization of platelet—activating factor. J Immunol,1994,152(2):793-800.26 Schenkein H. A, Collin R. Berry etal. Phosphorylcholine-Dependent Cross-Reactivity between Dental Plaque Bacteria and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins[J]. INFECTION AND IMMUNITY,2001,69(11):6612-7.
1 Tonetti MS, Mombelli A. Early-onset periodontitis. Ann Periodontol,1999,4(1) 39-53.
2 Kononen E, Asikainen S, Alaluusua S et al. Are certain oral pathogens part of the normal oral flora in denture-wearing edentulous subjects? Oral Microbiol Immunol 1991; 6(2):119-122.
3 Loe H, Brown LJ. Early onset periodontitis in the United States of America. J Periodontol 1991; 62(10):608-616.
4 Gjermo P, Bellini HT, Pereira Santos V, et al. Prevalence of bone loss in a group of Brazilian teenagers assessed on bite-wing radiographs. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11 (2):104-113.
5 Macgregor ID. Radiographic survey of periodontal disease in 264 adolescent schoolboys in Lagos Nigeria. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1980; 8(1):56-60.
6 Harley AF, Floyd PD. Prevalence of juvenile periodontitis in schoolchildren in Lagos Nigeria. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1988,16(5):299-301.
7 Haubek D, Dirienzo JM, Tinoco EMB et al. Racial tropism of a highly toxic clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated with juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Microbiol 1997,35(12):3037-3042.
8 McMullen JA, Van Dyke TE, Horoszewicz HU, Genco RJ. Neutrophil chemotaxis in individuals with advanced periodontal disease and a genetic predisposition to diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol,1981,52(4):167-173.
9 Le Y, Murphy PM, Wang JM. Formyl-peptide receptors revisited. Trends Immunol.2002, 23(11):541-48
10 Gwinn MR, Sharma A, De Nardin E. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the N-formyl peptide receptor in localized juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999; 70(10): 1194-1201.
11 Seifert R, Wenzel-Seifert K. Defective Gi Protein Coupling in Two Formyl Peptide Receptor Mutants Associated with Localized Juvenile Periodontitis. J Biol Chem, 2001,276(45):42043-42049.
12 Van Winkelhoff AJ, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in nonoral infections. Periodontol.2000,1999 Jun, 20:122-35
13 Das M, Badley AD, Cockerill FR, etal. Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Med,1997,48:25-33
14 Genco R, Offenbacher S, Beck J. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and possible mechanisms. J. Am. Dent. Assoc,2002, 133(Suppl.):14S-22S
15 Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques.J. Periodontol.2000,71:1554-60
16 Ohta H, Fukui K, Kato K. Effect of bicarbonate on the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in anaerobic fructose-limited chemostat culture. J. Gen. Microbiol.1989.135:3485-95
17 Sreenivasan PK, Meyer DH, Fives Taylor PM. Factors influencing the growth and viability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol. Immunol,1993, 8(6):361-69
18 王者玲,NobukoMaeda, Tomoko Ohshima等伴放线放线杆菌菌落生长形态变化的观察中华口腔医学杂志2003；38(1)：52--55
19 Mintz KP, Fives-Taylor PM. Binding of the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to extracellular matrix proteins. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 1999,14(2):109-116.
20 Asikainen S, Alaluusua S, Saxen L. Recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans from teeth, tongue, and saliva.J.Periodontol.1991,62(3):203-6
21 Asikainen S, Chen C. Oral ecology and person-to-person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontol. 2000,1999 Jun.20:65-81
22 Beem JE, Hurley CG, Magnusson I, McArthur WP, Clark WB.1991. Subgingival microbiota in squirrel monkeys with naturally occurring periodontal diseases. Infect. Immun.59(11):4034-41
23 Eke PI, Braswell L, Arnold R, Fritz M.1993. Sub-gingival microflora in Macaca mulatta species of rhesus monkey. J. Periodontal Res.28(1):72-80
24 Muller HP, Heinecke A, Fuhrmann A, Eger T, Zoller L. Intraoral distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults with minimal periodontal disease. J. Periodontal Res,2001.36(2):114-23
25 Lally ET, Hill RB, Kieba IR, Korostoff J. The interaction between RTX toxins and target cells. Trends Microbiol,1999,7(9):356-361.
26 Kaplan JB, Perry MB, MacLean LL, et al. Structural and genetic analyses of 0 polysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype f. Infection and Immunity,2001,69(9):5375.
27 Sarrela M, Asikainen S, Alaluusua S, et al. Frequency and stability of mono-or poly-infection by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b, c, d or e. Oral Microbiol Immunol.1992,7(5):277
28 Sarrela M, Dogen B, Alaluusua S, et al. Persistence of oral colonization by the same Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains. JPeriodontol.1999,70(5):504
29 Yamamoto M, Nishihara T, Koseki T, et al. Prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in Japanese patients with periodontitis.J Periodontal Res,1997,32(8):676
30 Yamaguchi N, Kawasaki M, Yamashita Y, et al. Role of the capsular polysaccharide-like serotype-specific antigen in resistance of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infection and Immunity,1995,63(12):4589
31 Paju S, Carlson P, Jousimies-Somer H, et al. Heterogeneity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains in various human infections and relationships between serotype, genotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Clin Microbiol. 2000,38(1):79
32 Takahashi T, Nishihara T, Ishihara Y, et al. Murine macrophage interleukin-1 release by capsularlike serotype-specific polysacharide antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infection and Immunity,1991,59(1):18
33 钟德钰,宋文斌,袁昌青等.采用PCR方法鉴别伴放线放线杆菌的6种血清型.实用口腔医学杂志.2007,23(6)：855-858
34 Yamamoto M, Nishihara T, Koseki T, et al. Prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in Japanese patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res,1997,32(8):676
35 Fine DH, Furgang D, Kaplan J, Charlesworth J, Figurski DH. Tenacious adhesion of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain CU1000 to salivary-coated hydroxyapatite. Arch. Oral Biol.1999,44(12):1063-76
36 Fine DH, Furgang D, Schreiner HC, et al. Phenotypic variation in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans during laboratory growth:implications for virulence. Microbiology 1999,145(pt6):1335-47
37 Fine DH, Goncharoff P, Schreiner H, et al. Colonization and persistence of rough and smooth colony variants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the mouths of rats. Arch. Oral Biol.2001.46(11):1065-78
38 Elaine M. Haase, Joshua 0. Stream and Frank A. Scannapieco Transcriptional analysis of the 5' terminus of the flp fimbrial gene cluster from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Microbiology,2003,149(pt1):205-215.
39 刘冬宇,王者玲,王明荣等.伴放线放线杆菌flp-1基因遗传多样性分析.北京口腔医学,2004,12(1)：18-21
40 Kachlany SC, Planet PJ, Bhattacharjee MK, Kollia E, DeSalle R, et al. Nonspecific adherence by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans requires genes widespread in bacteria and archaea. J. Bacteriol.2000,182(21):6169-76
41 Haase EM, Stream JO, Scannapieco FA. Stream JO, Scannapieco FA. Transcriptional analysis of the 5'terminus of the flp fimbrial gene cluster from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Microbiology.2003,149(Pt1):205-15
42 裴振华,王菁,王者玲等.伴放线放线杆菌形态变化对菌体表面疏水性影响的研究.北京口腔医学,2008；16(1)：10—13.
43 Fujise O, Wang Y, Chen W, Chen C. Adherence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans via serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens in lipopolysaccharides. Oral Microbiol Immunol.2008,23(3):226-33.
44 Kirby AC, Meghji S, Nair SP, et al. The potent bone resorbing mediator of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is homologous to the molecular chaperone GroEL.J. Clin. Invest.1995,96(3):1185-94
45 Fletcher JM, Nair SP, Ward JM, et al. Analysis of the effect of changing environmental conditions on the expression patterns of exported surface-associated proteins of the oral pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Microb. Pathog.2001,30(6):359-68
46 Woolverton CJ, Bryson CL, Redshaw PA, et al. Immunomodulating activities of sodium-dodecyl-sulphateextracted antigens from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype B. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis.1994,7 (5):275-82
47 Nakashima K, Schenkein HA, Califano JV, et al. Heterogeneity of antibodies reactive with the dominant antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect. Immun. 1997,65 (9):3794-98
48 Wilson ME, Bronson PM. Opsonization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by immunoglobulin G antibodies to the O-polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide. Infect. Immun.1997.65(11):4690-95
49 Huang GT-J, Kim D, Lee JK-H, Kuramitsu HK, Haake SK. Interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 regulation in oral epithelial cells by selected periodontal bacteria:multiple effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis via antagonistic mechanisms. Infect Immun,2001,69(3):1364-1372.
50 Uchida Y, Shiba H, Komatsuzawa H, et al. Expression of IL-1_and IL-8 by human gingival cells in response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Cytokine. 2001,14(3):152-161.
51 Jiang Y, Graves DT. Periodontal pathogens stimulate CC-chemokine production by mononuclear and bonederived cells. J. Periodontol.1999.70(12):1472-78
52 Wilson M, Reddi K, Henderson B. Cytokine-inducing components of periodontopathic bacteria. J. Periodontal Re,1996,31 (6):393-407
53 Tani Y, Tani M, Kato I. Extracellular 37-kDa antigenic protein from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans induces TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in murine macrophages. J. Dent. Res,1997,76 (9):1538-47
54 Kirby AC, Meghji S, Nair SP, et al. The potent bone resorbing mediator of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is homologous to the molecular chaperone GroEL. J. Clin. Invest,1995,96(3):1185-94
55 Jeong S-J, Yee S-T, Jo W-S et al. A novel factor isolated from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans stimulates mouse B cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infect Immun,2000,68 (9):5132-5138
56 Narayanan SV, Nagaraja TG, Chengappa MM, etal. Leukotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. Vet Microbiol 2002; 84(4):337-356.
57 Lally ET, Kieba IR, Sato A et al. RTX toxins recognize β2 integrin on the surface of human target cells. J Biol Chem,1997,272(48):30463-30469.
58 Lally ET, Golub EE, Kieba IR et al. Structure and function of the B and D genes of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin complex. Microb Pathog, 1991,11(2):111-121.
59 Yamaguchi N, Kubo C, Masuhiro Y,e tal. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Enhances Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin-Induced HL-60 Cell Apoptosis by Stimulating Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 Expression. Infect Immun, 2004,72(1):269-276
60 Kelk P, Johansson A, Claesson R, et al. Caspase 1 Involvement in Human Monocyte Lysis Induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin Infect Immun, 2003,71(8):4448-4455
61 Meyer DH, Mintz KP, Fives-Taylor PM. Models of invasion of enteric and periodontal pathogens into epithelial cells:a comparative analysis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1997; 8:389-409.
62 Ohta H, Hara H, Fukui K, etal. Association of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin with nucleic acids on the bacterial cell surface. Infect Immun,1993, 61(11):4878-4884.
63 Berthold P, Forti D, Kieba IR, etal. Electron immunocytochemical localization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. Oral Microbiol Immunol,1992, 7(1):24-27.
64 Kato S, Kowashi Y, Demuth DR. Outer membrane-like vesicles secreted by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are enriched in leukotoxin. Microb Pathog 2002; 32(1):1-13.
65 Lally ET, Golub EE, Kieba IR et al. Analysis of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin gene:delineation of unique features and comparison to homologous toxins. J Biol Chem,1989,264 (26):15451-15456.
66 Kachlany SC, Fine DH, Figurski DH. Secretion of RTX leukotoxin by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect Immun,2000,68 (11):6094-6100.
67 Korostoff J, Fei Wang J, Kieba I, etal. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Infect Immun,1998,66(9): 4474-4483.
68 Korostoff J, Yamaguchi N, Miller M, etal. Perturbation of mitochondrial structure and function plays a central role in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin-induced apoptosis. Microb Pathog,2000,29(5):267-278.
69 Pickett CL, Whitehouse CA. The cytolethal distending toxin family. Trends Microbiol 1999; 7(7):292-297.
70 Shuichi Nishikubo, Masaru Ohara, Yoko Ueno, etal. An N-terminal Segment of the Active Component of the Bacterial Genotoxin Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CDTB) Directs CDTB into the Nucleus. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY,2003,278(50): 50671-50681,
71 De Rycke J, Oswald E. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT):a bacterial weapon to control host cell proliferation? FEMS Microbiol Lett,2001,203(2001):141-148.
72 Akifusa S, Poole S, Lewthwaite J, etal. Recombinant Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin proteins are required to interact to inhibit human cell cycle progression and to stimulate human cytokine synthesis. Infect Immun,2001,69(9):5925-5930.
73 Young RS, Fortney KR, Gelfanova V et al. Expression of cytolethal distending toxin and hemolysin is not required for pustule formation by Haemophilus ducreyi in human volunteers. Infect Immun,2001,69(3):1938-1942.
74 Chen PB, Davern LB, Neiders ME, etal. Analysis of in vitro lymphoproliferative responses and antibody formation following the subcutaneous injection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Wolinella recta in a murine model. Oral Microbiol Immunol,1991,6(1):12-16.
75 Kuritai Ochiai T, Ochiai K, Ikeda T. Immunosuppressive effects induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans:effect on immunoglobulin production and lymphokine synthesis. Oral Microbiol Immunol,1992,7:338-343.
76 Kuritai-Ochiai T, Ochiai K. Immunosuppressive factor from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans down regulates cytokine production. Infect Immun,1996, 64(1):50-54.
77 Tagaya Y, Maeda Y, Mitsui A et al. ATL-driven factor (ADF), an IL-2receptor/Tac inducer homologous to thioredoxin:possible involvement of dithiol-reduction of the IL-2 receptor induction. EMBO J,1989,8(3):757-764.
78 Henderson B, Tabona P, Poole S,etal. Cloning and expression of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans thioredoxin (trx) gene and assessment of cytokine inhibitory activity. Infect Immun,2001,69(1):154-158.
79 Nalbant A, Zadeh HH. Evidence for apoptosis of the majority of T cells activated in vitro with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol,2000, 15(5):290-298.
80 Zadeh HH, Nalbant A, Park K. Large-scale early in vitro response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans suggests superantigenic activation of T-cells. J Dent Res, 2001,80(1):356-362.
81 White PA, Wilson M, Nair SP,etal. Characterization of an antiproliferative surface-associated protein from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans which can be neutralized by sera from a proportion of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. Infect Immun,1995; 63(7):2612-2618.
82 White PA, Pater M, Nair S, et al. Control of the human cell cycle by a bacterial protein, gapstatin. Eur J Cell Biol,1998,77(3):228-238.
83 Helgeland K, Nordby 0. Cell cycle-specific growth inhibitory effect on human gingival fibroblasts of a toxin isolated from the culture medium of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodont Res 1993; 28(3):161-165.
84 Ohguchi M, Ishisaki A, Okahashi N et al. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans toxin induces both cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and apoptosis. Infect Immun 1998,66(12):5980-5992
85 Tolo K, Helgeland K. Fc binding components:a virulence factor in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans? Oral Microbiol Immunol,1991,6(6):373-377.
86 Mintz KP, Fives-Taylor PM. Identification of an immunoglobulin Fc receptor of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect Immun 1994; 62(10):4500-4505.
87 Weiser JN, Gotschlich EC. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) contributes to serum resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K-1. Infect Immun,1991,59(7): 2252-2258.
88 Kato T, Okudo K. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans possesses an antigen binding to anti-human IL-10 antibody. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 204(2):293-297.
89 Van Dyke TE, Bartholomew E, Genco RJ,etal. Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by soluble bacterial products. J Periodontol 1992; 53(8):502-508.
90 Horwitz MC, Xi Y, Wilson K, etal. Control of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by members of the TNF family of receptors and ligands. Cytol. Growth Fact. Rev, 2001,12(1):9-18
91 Wilson M, Henderson B. Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans relevant to the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. FEMS Rev. Microbiol,1995,17(4):365-79
92 Hu X, Yee E, Harlan JM. Lipopolysaccharide Induces the Antiapoptotic Molecules, A1 and A20, in Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Blood,1998,92(8):2759-2765.
93 Teng Y-T, Nguyen H, Gao X et al. Functional human T-cell immunity and osteoprotegerin ligand control alveolar bone destruction in periodontal infection. J Clin Invest,2000,106(6):R59-R67.
94 Meyer DH, Sreenivasan PK, Fives-Taylor PM. Evidence for invasion of a human oral cell line by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect Immun 1991; 59(8): 2719-2726.
95 Lepine G, Caudry S, DiRienzo.JM, Ellen RP. Epithelial cell invasion by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains from restriction fragment length polymorphism groups associated with juvenile periodontitis or carrier status. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1998; 13(6):341-347.
96 Lepine G, Caudry S, DiRienzo JM, Ellen RP. Epithelial cell invasion by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains from restriction fragmentlength polymorphism groups associated with juvenile periodontitis or carrier status. Oral Microbiol. Immunol.1998,13(6):341-47
97 Nordenstam, G, Andersson B, Briles D etal. High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia[J]. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1990:22(2):187-95.
98 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus[J]. Science,1967 Aug 11; 157(789):694-7.
99 尹一兵,周东耀,张雪梅.肺炎链球菌磷壁酸胆碱成分介导细菌的侵袭[J].微生物学报,2004,44(3)：369-372.
100 Schenkein, H. A., J. C. Gunsolley, A. M. Best etal. Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases[J]. Infect. Immun,1999 Sep;67(9):4814-8.
101 Schenkein H. A, Collin R. Berry etal. Phosphorylcholine-Dependent Cross-Reactivity between Dental Plaque Bacteria and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins[J]. INFECTION AND IMMUNITY,2001,69(11):6612-7.
2 Slots J, Ting M. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontal disease:occurrence and treatment [J]. Periodontology 2000,1999 Jun,20:82-121.
3 Van Winkelhoff AJ, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in nonoral infections [J]. Periodontol 2000,1999 Jun,20:122-35
4 Sreenivasan PK, Meyer DH, Fives-Taylor PM. Factors influencing the growth and viability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans[J]. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 1993,8(6):361-9.
5 Haase EM, Amuda JL, Scannapieco FA. Identification and Molecular Analysis of Rough-colony-Specific Outer Membrnace Proteins of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans[J]. Infection and Immunity,1999,67(6):2901-8.
6 Nordenstam, G, Andersson B, Briles D etal. High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia[J]. Scand J Infect Dis,1990, 22 (2):187-195.
7 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus[J]. Science,1967.157(789):694-697.
8 Schenkein, H. A., J. C. Gunsolley, A. M. Best etal. Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases[J]. Infect Immun, 1999,67(9):4814-4818.
9 Gmur, R., T. Thurnheer, and B. Guggenheim. Dominant cross-reactive antibodies generated during the response to a variety of oral bacterial species detect phosphorylcholine[J]. J Dent Res,1999,78(1):77-85.
10 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus. Science,1967.157:694-697.
11 尹一兵,周东耀,张雪梅.肺炎链球菌磷壁酸胆碱成分介导细菌的侵袭[J].微生物学报,2004,44(3)：369-372.
12 Ohta H, Fukui K, Kato K. Effect of bicarbonate on the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in anaerobic fructose-limited chemostat culture.J Gen Microbiol,1989,135(12):3485-95
13 Sreenivasan PK, Meyer DH, Fives Taylor PM. Factors influencing the growth and viability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol.1993, 8 (6):361-69
14 Fives-Taylor PM, Meyer DH, Mintz KP, et al. Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans[J]. Periodontol 2000,1999 Jun,20:136-167
15 Inouye T, Ohta H, Kokeguchi S, FukuiK, Kato K. Colonial variation and fimbriation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett,1990,69(1-2) 57:13-17
16 陆德源.医学微生物学.第三版.北京,人民卫生出版社,1994,22.
17 王者玲,NobukoMaeda, Tomoko Ohshima等.伴放线放线杆菌菌落生长形态变化的观察[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2003,38(1)：52—55.
18 王者玲,DAISUKE Kato,大岛友子.放线共生放线杆菌粗糙型与光滑型菌落的主要外膜蛋白[J].中国微生态杂志,2002,14(3)：153-154.
19 Nordenstam, G, Andersson B, Briles D etal. High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia[J]. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1990.22 (2):187-95.
20 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus[J]. Science,1967,157(789):694-7.
21 Schenkein, H. A., J. C. Gunsolley, A. M. Best etal. Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases[J]. Infect. Immun, 1999,67(9):4814-8.
22 Weiser, J. N., N. Pan, K. L. McGowan etal. Phosphorylcholine on the lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae contributes to persistence in the respiratory tract and sensitivity to serum killing mediated by C-reactive protein [J]. J. Exp. Med,1998,187(4):631-40.
23 Weiser, J. N, M. Shchepetov, and S. T. H. Chong. Decoration of lipopolysaccharide with phosphorylcholine:a phase-variable characteristic of Haemophilus influenzae[J]. Infect. Immun,1997,65(3):943-50.
24 Fischer W, Behr T, Hartmann R, et al. Teichoic acid and lipoteichoicacid of S. pneumoniae possess identical chain structures. J Biochem,1993,215(3):851 —857.
25 Gerard N P, Ge rard C. Receptor-dependent internalization of platelet—activating factor. J Immunol,1994,152(2):793-800.26 Schenkein H. A, Collin R. Berry etal. Phosphorylcholine-Dependent Cross-Reactivity between Dental Plaque Bacteria and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins[J]. INFECTION AND IMMUNITY,2001,69(11):6612-7.
1 Tonetti MS, Mombelli A. Early-onset periodontitis. Ann Periodontol,1999,4(1) 39-53.
2 Kononen E, Asikainen S, Alaluusua S et al. Are certain oral pathogens part of the normal oral flora in denture-wearing edentulous subjects? Oral Microbiol Immunol 1991; 6(2):119-122.
3 Loe H, Brown LJ. Early onset periodontitis in the United States of America. J Periodontol 1991; 62(10):608-616.
4 Gjermo P, Bellini HT, Pereira Santos V, et al. Prevalence of bone loss in a group of Brazilian teenagers assessed on bite-wing radiographs. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11 (2):104-113.
5 Macgregor ID. Radiographic survey of periodontal disease in 264 adolescent schoolboys in Lagos Nigeria. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1980; 8(1):56-60.
6 Harley AF, Floyd PD. Prevalence of juvenile periodontitis in schoolchildren in Lagos Nigeria. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1988,16(5):299-301.
7 Haubek D, Dirienzo JM, Tinoco EMB et al. Racial tropism of a highly toxic clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated with juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Microbiol 1997,35(12):3037-3042.
8 McMullen JA, Van Dyke TE, Horoszewicz HU, Genco RJ. Neutrophil chemotaxis in individuals with advanced periodontal disease and a genetic predisposition to diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol,1981,52(4):167-173.
9 Le Y, Murphy PM, Wang JM. Formyl-peptide receptors revisited. Trends Immunol.2002, 23(11):541-48
10 Gwinn MR, Sharma A, De Nardin E. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the N-formyl peptide receptor in localized juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999; 70(10): 1194-1201.
11 Seifert R, Wenzel-Seifert K. Defective Gi Protein Coupling in Two Formyl Peptide Receptor Mutants Associated with Localized Juvenile Periodontitis. J Biol Chem, 2001,276(45):42043-42049.
12 Van Winkelhoff AJ, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in nonoral infections. Periodontol.2000,1999 Jun, 20:122-35
13 Das M, Badley AD, Cockerill FR, etal. Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Med,1997,48:25-33
14 Genco R, Offenbacher S, Beck J. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and possible mechanisms. J. Am. Dent. Assoc,2002, 133(Suppl.):14S-22S
15 Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques.J. Periodontol.2000,71:1554-60
16 Ohta H, Fukui K, Kato K. Effect of bicarbonate on the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in anaerobic fructose-limited chemostat culture. J. Gen. Microbiol.1989.135:3485-95
17 Sreenivasan PK, Meyer DH, Fives Taylor PM. Factors influencing the growth and viability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol. Immunol,1993, 8(6):361-69
18 王者玲,NobukoMaeda, Tomoko Ohshima等伴放线放线杆菌菌落生长形态变化的观察中华口腔医学杂志2003；38(1)：52--55
19 Mintz KP, Fives-Taylor PM. Binding of the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to extracellular matrix proteins. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 1999,14(2):109-116.
20 Asikainen S, Alaluusua S, Saxen L. Recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans from teeth, tongue, and saliva.J.Periodontol.1991,62(3):203-6
21 Asikainen S, Chen C. Oral ecology and person-to-person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontol. 2000,1999 Jun.20:65-81
22 Beem JE, Hurley CG, Magnusson I, McArthur WP, Clark WB.1991. Subgingival microbiota in squirrel monkeys with naturally occurring periodontal diseases. Infect. Immun.59(11):4034-41
23 Eke PI, Braswell L, Arnold R, Fritz M.1993. Sub-gingival microflora in Macaca mulatta species of rhesus monkey. J. Periodontal Res.28(1):72-80
24 Muller HP, Heinecke A, Fuhrmann A, Eger T, Zoller L. Intraoral distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults with minimal periodontal disease. J. Periodontal Res,2001.36(2):114-23
25 Lally ET, Hill RB, Kieba IR, Korostoff J. The interaction between RTX toxins and target cells. Trends Microbiol,1999,7(9):356-361.
26 Kaplan JB, Perry MB, MacLean LL, et al. Structural and genetic analyses of 0 polysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype f. Infection and Immunity,2001,69(9):5375.
27 Sarrela M, Asikainen S, Alaluusua S, et al. Frequency and stability of mono-or poly-infection by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b, c, d or e. Oral Microbiol Immunol.1992,7(5):277
28 Sarrela M, Dogen B, Alaluusua S, et al. Persistence of oral colonization by the same Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains. JPeriodontol.1999,70(5):504
29 Yamamoto M, Nishihara T, Koseki T, et al. Prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in Japanese patients with periodontitis.J Periodontal Res,1997,32(8):676
30 Yamaguchi N, Kawasaki M, Yamashita Y, et al. Role of the capsular polysaccharide-like serotype-specific antigen in resistance of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infection and Immunity,1995,63(12):4589
31 Paju S, Carlson P, Jousimies-Somer H, et al. Heterogeneity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains in various human infections and relationships between serotype, genotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Clin Microbiol. 2000,38(1):79
32 Takahashi T, Nishihara T, Ishihara Y, et al. Murine macrophage interleukin-1 release by capsularlike serotype-specific polysacharide antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infection and Immunity,1991,59(1):18
33 钟德钰,宋文斌,袁昌青等.采用PCR方法鉴别伴放线放线杆菌的6种血清型.实用口腔医学杂志.2007,23(6)：855-858
34 Yamamoto M, Nishihara T, Koseki T, et al. Prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in Japanese patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res,1997,32(8):676
35 Fine DH, Furgang D, Kaplan J, Charlesworth J, Figurski DH. Tenacious adhesion of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain CU1000 to salivary-coated hydroxyapatite. Arch. Oral Biol.1999,44(12):1063-76
36 Fine DH, Furgang D, Schreiner HC, et al. Phenotypic variation in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans during laboratory growth:implications for virulence. Microbiology 1999,145(pt6):1335-47
37 Fine DH, Goncharoff P, Schreiner H, et al. Colonization and persistence of rough and smooth colony variants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the mouths of rats. Arch. Oral Biol.2001.46(11):1065-78
38 Elaine M. Haase, Joshua 0. Stream and Frank A. Scannapieco Transcriptional analysis of the 5' terminus of the flp fimbrial gene cluster from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Microbiology,2003,149(pt1):205-215.
39 刘冬宇,王者玲,王明荣等.伴放线放线杆菌flp-1基因遗传多样性分析.北京口腔医学,2004,12(1)：18-21
40 Kachlany SC, Planet PJ, Bhattacharjee MK, Kollia E, DeSalle R, et al. Nonspecific adherence by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans requires genes widespread in bacteria and archaea. J. Bacteriol.2000,182(21):6169-76
41 Haase EM, Stream JO, Scannapieco FA. Stream JO, Scannapieco FA. Transcriptional analysis of the 5'terminus of the flp fimbrial gene cluster from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Microbiology.2003,149(Pt1):205-15
42 裴振华,王菁,王者玲等.伴放线放线杆菌形态变化对菌体表面疏水性影响的研究.北京口腔医学,2008；16(1)：10—13.
43 Fujise O, Wang Y, Chen W, Chen C. Adherence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans via serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens in lipopolysaccharides. Oral Microbiol Immunol.2008,23(3):226-33.
44 Kirby AC, Meghji S, Nair SP, et al. The potent bone resorbing mediator of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is homologous to the molecular chaperone GroEL.J. Clin. Invest.1995,96(3):1185-94
45 Fletcher JM, Nair SP, Ward JM, et al. Analysis of the effect of changing environmental conditions on the expression patterns of exported surface-associated proteins of the oral pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Microb. Pathog.2001,30(6):359-68
46 Woolverton CJ, Bryson CL, Redshaw PA, et al. Immunomodulating activities of sodium-dodecyl-sulphateextracted antigens from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype B. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis.1994,7 (5):275-82
47 Nakashima K, Schenkein HA, Califano JV, et al. Heterogeneity of antibodies reactive with the dominant antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect. Immun. 1997,65 (9):3794-98
48 Wilson ME, Bronson PM. Opsonization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by immunoglobulin G antibodies to the O-polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide. Infect. Immun.1997.65(11):4690-95
49 Huang GT-J, Kim D, Lee JK-H, Kuramitsu HK, Haake SK. Interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 regulation in oral epithelial cells by selected periodontal bacteria:multiple effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis via antagonistic mechanisms. Infect Immun,2001,69(3):1364-1372.
50 Uchida Y, Shiba H, Komatsuzawa H, et al. Expression of IL-1_and IL-8 by human gingival cells in response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Cytokine. 2001,14(3):152-161.
51 Jiang Y, Graves DT. Periodontal pathogens stimulate CC-chemokine production by mononuclear and bonederived cells. J. Periodontol.1999.70(12):1472-78
52 Wilson M, Reddi K, Henderson B. Cytokine-inducing components of periodontopathic bacteria. J. Periodontal Re,1996,31 (6):393-407
53 Tani Y, Tani M, Kato I. Extracellular 37-kDa antigenic protein from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans induces TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in murine macrophages. J. Dent. Res,1997,76 (9):1538-47
54 Kirby AC, Meghji S, Nair SP, et al. The potent bone resorbing mediator of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is homologous to the molecular chaperone GroEL. J. Clin. Invest,1995,96(3):1185-94
55 Jeong S-J, Yee S-T, Jo W-S et al. A novel factor isolated from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans stimulates mouse B cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infect Immun,2000,68 (9):5132-5138
56 Narayanan SV, Nagaraja TG, Chengappa MM, etal. Leukotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. Vet Microbiol 2002; 84(4):337-356.
57 Lally ET, Kieba IR, Sato A et al. RTX toxins recognize β2 integrin on the surface of human target cells. J Biol Chem,1997,272(48):30463-30469.
58 Lally ET, Golub EE, Kieba IR et al. Structure and function of the B and D genes of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin complex. Microb Pathog, 1991,11(2):111-121.
59 Yamaguchi N, Kubo C, Masuhiro Y,e tal. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Enhances Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin-Induced HL-60 Cell Apoptosis by Stimulating Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 Expression. Infect Immun, 2004,72(1):269-276
60 Kelk P, Johansson A, Claesson R, et al. Caspase 1 Involvement in Human Monocyte Lysis Induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin Infect Immun, 2003,71(8):4448-4455
61 Meyer DH, Mintz KP, Fives-Taylor PM. Models of invasion of enteric and periodontal pathogens into epithelial cells:a comparative analysis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1997; 8:389-409.
62 Ohta H, Hara H, Fukui K, etal. Association of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin with nucleic acids on the bacterial cell surface. Infect Immun,1993, 61(11):4878-4884.
63 Berthold P, Forti D, Kieba IR, etal. Electron immunocytochemical localization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. Oral Microbiol Immunol,1992, 7(1):24-27.
64 Kato S, Kowashi Y, Demuth DR. Outer membrane-like vesicles secreted by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are enriched in leukotoxin. Microb Pathog 2002; 32(1):1-13.
65 Lally ET, Golub EE, Kieba IR et al. Analysis of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin gene:delineation of unique features and comparison to homologous toxins. J Biol Chem,1989,264 (26):15451-15456.
66 Kachlany SC, Fine DH, Figurski DH. Secretion of RTX leukotoxin by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect Immun,2000,68 (11):6094-6100.
67 Korostoff J, Fei Wang J, Kieba I, etal. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Infect Immun,1998,66(9): 4474-4483.
68 Korostoff J, Yamaguchi N, Miller M, etal. Perturbation of mitochondrial structure and function plays a central role in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin-induced apoptosis. Microb Pathog,2000,29(5):267-278.
69 Pickett CL, Whitehouse CA. The cytolethal distending toxin family. Trends Microbiol 1999; 7(7):292-297.
70 Shuichi Nishikubo, Masaru Ohara, Yoko Ueno, etal. An N-terminal Segment of the Active Component of the Bacterial Genotoxin Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CDTB) Directs CDTB into the Nucleus. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY,2003,278(50): 50671-50681,
71 De Rycke J, Oswald E. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT):a bacterial weapon to control host cell proliferation? FEMS Microbiol Lett,2001,203(2001):141-148.
72 Akifusa S, Poole S, Lewthwaite J, etal. Recombinant Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin proteins are required to interact to inhibit human cell cycle progression and to stimulate human cytokine synthesis. Infect Immun,2001,69(9):5925-5930.
73 Young RS, Fortney KR, Gelfanova V et al. Expression of cytolethal distending toxin and hemolysin is not required for pustule formation by Haemophilus ducreyi in human volunteers. Infect Immun,2001,69(3):1938-1942.
74 Chen PB, Davern LB, Neiders ME, etal. Analysis of in vitro lymphoproliferative responses and antibody formation following the subcutaneous injection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Wolinella recta in a murine model. Oral Microbiol Immunol,1991,6(1):12-16.
75 Kuritai Ochiai T, Ochiai K, Ikeda T. Immunosuppressive effects induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans:effect on immunoglobulin production and lymphokine synthesis. Oral Microbiol Immunol,1992,7:338-343.
76 Kuritai-Ochiai T, Ochiai K. Immunosuppressive factor from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans down regulates cytokine production. Infect Immun,1996, 64(1):50-54.
77 Tagaya Y, Maeda Y, Mitsui A et al. ATL-driven factor (ADF), an IL-2receptor/Tac inducer homologous to thioredoxin:possible involvement of dithiol-reduction of the IL-2 receptor induction. EMBO J,1989,8(3):757-764.
78 Henderson B, Tabona P, Poole S,etal. Cloning and expression of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans thioredoxin (trx) gene and assessment of cytokine inhibitory activity. Infect Immun,2001,69(1):154-158.
79 Nalbant A, Zadeh HH. Evidence for apoptosis of the majority of T cells activated in vitro with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol,2000, 15(5):290-298.
80 Zadeh HH, Nalbant A, Park K. Large-scale early in vitro response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans suggests superantigenic activation of T-cells. J Dent Res, 2001,80(1):356-362.
81 White PA, Wilson M, Nair SP,etal. Characterization of an antiproliferative surface-associated protein from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans which can be neutralized by sera from a proportion of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. Infect Immun,1995; 63(7):2612-2618.
82 White PA, Pater M, Nair S, et al. Control of the human cell cycle by a bacterial protein, gapstatin. Eur J Cell Biol,1998,77(3):228-238.
83 Helgeland K, Nordby 0. Cell cycle-specific growth inhibitory effect on human gingival fibroblasts of a toxin isolated from the culture medium of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodont Res 1993; 28(3):161-165.
84 Ohguchi M, Ishisaki A, Okahashi N et al. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans toxin induces both cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and apoptosis. Infect Immun 1998,66(12):5980-5992
85 Tolo K, Helgeland K. Fc binding components:a virulence factor in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans? Oral Microbiol Immunol,1991,6(6):373-377.
86 Mintz KP, Fives-Taylor PM. Identification of an immunoglobulin Fc receptor of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect Immun 1994; 62(10):4500-4505.
87 Weiser JN, Gotschlich EC. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) contributes to serum resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K-1. Infect Immun,1991,59(7): 2252-2258.
88 Kato T, Okudo K. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans possesses an antigen binding to anti-human IL-10 antibody. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 204(2):293-297.
89 Van Dyke TE, Bartholomew E, Genco RJ,etal. Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by soluble bacterial products. J Periodontol 1992; 53(8):502-508.
90 Horwitz MC, Xi Y, Wilson K, etal. Control of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by members of the TNF family of receptors and ligands. Cytol. Growth Fact. Rev, 2001,12(1):9-18
91 Wilson M, Henderson B. Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans relevant to the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. FEMS Rev. Microbiol,1995,17(4):365-79
92 Hu X, Yee E, Harlan JM. Lipopolysaccharide Induces the Antiapoptotic Molecules, A1 and A20, in Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Blood,1998,92(8):2759-2765.
93 Teng Y-T, Nguyen H, Gao X et al. Functional human T-cell immunity and osteoprotegerin ligand control alveolar bone destruction in periodontal infection. J Clin Invest,2000,106(6):R59-R67.
94 Meyer DH, Sreenivasan PK, Fives-Taylor PM. Evidence for invasion of a human oral cell line by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Infect Immun 1991; 59(8): 2719-2726.
95 Lepine G, Caudry S, DiRienzo.JM, Ellen RP. Epithelial cell invasion by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains from restriction fragment length polymorphism groups associated with juvenile periodontitis or carrier status. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1998; 13(6):341-347.
96 Lepine G, Caudry S, DiRienzo JM, Ellen RP. Epithelial cell invasion by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains from restriction fragmentlength polymorphism groups associated with juvenile periodontitis or carrier status. Oral Microbiol. Immunol.1998,13(6):341-47
97 Nordenstam, G, Andersson B, Briles D etal. High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia[J]. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1990:22(2):187-95.
98 Tomasz, A. Choline in the cell wall of a bacterium:novel type of polymer-linked choline in Pneumococcus[J]. Science,1967 Aug 11; 157(789):694-7.
99 尹一兵,周东耀,张雪梅.肺炎链球菌磷壁酸胆碱成分介导细菌的侵袭[J].微生物学报,2004,44(3)：369-372.
100 Schenkein, H. A., J. C. Gunsolley, A. M. Best etal. Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases[J]. Infect. Immun,1999 Sep;67(9):4814-8.
101 Schenkein H. A, Collin R. Berry etal. Phosphorylcholine-Dependent Cross-Reactivity between Dental Plaque Bacteria and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins[J]. INFECTION AND IMMUNITY,2001,69(11):6612-7.