基于ZigBee技术的无线网络路由器的研究
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摘要
路由器在基于ZigBee的无线网络中是非常重要的节点设备。它在数据传输网络中起到了“接力棒”的作用,拓展了数据传输距离,是ZigBee网络中重要的“交通枢纽”；同时,基于ZigBee技术的无线网络路由器(以下简称路由器)具有“自动复原”的特性：即在一个无线连接发生中断的情况下,路由功能自动发现新的路由路线,避开该中断节点,从而提高该无线网络的可靠性。
本文首先概述了无线组网通信技术,对现有几种典型短距离通信网络技术的特点与ZigBee无线网络技术的特点进行比较,得出ZigBee无线网络技术具有低功耗、低成本、易应用等特点。同时对IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee协议进行了详细的介绍,其中包括IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee标准的协议架构、每层的结构、功能及其主要特点,并重点对ZigBee路由算法进行了分析,它是分级路由算法和AODVjr算法的组合。在此基础上成功设计并制作了路由器。路由器的硬件电路设计以CC2430单片机为核心,其中包括了单片机(CC2430)支撑电路、阻抗匹配电路、人机交互电路和电源稳压电路,为了方便路由器的调试,加入了串口通信电路；路由器的软件编写以IAR为开发环境,利用TI-STACK协议栈,完成了路由器应用程序的编写。最后,通过对点对点通信实验测定了硬件的有效传输距离；通过树状网络和网状网络通信实验测试,实现了路由器转发数据的功能,计算出了各路径的路由成本,实现了路由选择。同时也验证了路由算法中网络地址的分配。
在基于ZigBee技术的无线网络中,本文所设计的路由器结合协调器和终端设备所组成的无线网络,可实现数据的可靠传输,安全性高,覆盖面广。因此,本设计具有广泛的应用前景和重要的现实意义。
Router is the Network Node Equipment of great importance in the wireless network bases on ZigBee technology.The importance of router is the role as'relay baton'in data transmission,it expands the data transmission distance,and it is the transportation hub of the ZigBee Network.Router in the ZigBee network also has the feature of'Auto Recovery':when a wireless connection is interrupted,router will find a new routing line automatically to avoid the interruption node,thereby it increases the reliability of the wireless networks.
At first the article makes a brief introduction of wireless networking communications technologies,during the comparison of some typical kinds of short-distance communication and ZigBee technology,we know that the wireless networking technology bases on ZigBee has the characteristic of low power consumption,low cost,easy application.At the same time the article describes the IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee Contract,including the standard contract construction of IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee and studying the constructions, functions and features of each level in turn,then the article analyzes the ZigBee routing algorithm which is the combination of Cluster-Tree routing algorithm and AODVjr algorithm.On this basis,I designed and producted the router successfully.On the hardware circuit, the design of the router chooses CC2430 chip as the core,it includes microcontroller (CC2430) support circuitry,antenna impedance matching circuit,human-computer interaction circuit and power supply voltage circuit,and it adds serial communication module for debugging the router conveniently.The software design of router is completed the preparation of the router application using TI-STACK on the basis of IAR development environment.Finally,I tested the point-to-point communication,tree networks and mesh networks separately,determined the effective transmission distance of hardware,achieved the route forwarding data in the network,calculated the cost of each routing path,achieved routing and verified the routing algorithm in the allocation of network addresses.
The router combined with the tuner and terminal equipment based on ZigBee technology can form the ZigBee wireless network,the network has the features of reliable data transmission,high security, wide coverage.Therefore this design has wide application prospect and important practical significance.
本文首先概述了无线组网通信技术,对现有几种典型短距离通信网络技术的特点与ZigBee无线网络技术的特点进行比较,得出ZigBee无线网络技术具有低功耗、低成本、易应用等特点。同时对IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee协议进行了详细的介绍,其中包括IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee标准的协议架构、每层的结构、功能及其主要特点,并重点对ZigBee路由算法进行了分析,它是分级路由算法和AODVjr算法的组合。在此基础上成功设计并制作了路由器。路由器的硬件电路设计以CC2430单片机为核心,其中包括了单片机(CC2430)支撑电路、阻抗匹配电路、人机交互电路和电源稳压电路,为了方便路由器的调试,加入了串口通信电路；路由器的软件编写以IAR为开发环境,利用TI-STACK协议栈,完成了路由器应用程序的编写。最后,通过对点对点通信实验测定了硬件的有效传输距离；通过树状网络和网状网络通信实验测试,实现了路由器转发数据的功能,计算出了各路径的路由成本,实现了路由选择。同时也验证了路由算法中网络地址的分配。
在基于ZigBee技术的无线网络中,本文所设计的路由器结合协调器和终端设备所组成的无线网络,可实现数据的可靠传输,安全性高,覆盖面广。因此,本设计具有广泛的应用前景和重要的现实意义。
Router is the Network Node Equipment of great importance in the wireless network bases on ZigBee technology.The importance of router is the role as'relay baton'in data transmission,it expands the data transmission distance,and it is the transportation hub of the ZigBee Network.Router in the ZigBee network also has the feature of'Auto Recovery':when a wireless connection is interrupted,router will find a new routing line automatically to avoid the interruption node,thereby it increases the reliability of the wireless networks.
At first the article makes a brief introduction of wireless networking communications technologies,during the comparison of some typical kinds of short-distance communication and ZigBee technology,we know that the wireless networking technology bases on ZigBee has the characteristic of low power consumption,low cost,easy application.At the same time the article describes the IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee Contract,including the standard contract construction of IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee and studying the constructions, functions and features of each level in turn,then the article analyzes the ZigBee routing algorithm which is the combination of Cluster-Tree routing algorithm and AODVjr algorithm.On this basis,I designed and producted the router successfully.On the hardware circuit, the design of the router chooses CC2430 chip as the core,it includes microcontroller (CC2430) support circuitry,antenna impedance matching circuit,human-computer interaction circuit and power supply voltage circuit,and it adds serial communication module for debugging the router conveniently.The software design of router is completed the preparation of the router application using TI-STACK on the basis of IAR development environment.Finally,I tested the point-to-point communication,tree networks and mesh networks separately,determined the effective transmission distance of hardware,achieved the route forwarding data in the network,calculated the cost of each routing path,achieved routing and verified the routing algorithm in the allocation of network addresses.
The router combined with the tuner and terminal equipment based on ZigBee technology can form the ZigBee wireless network,the network has the features of reliable data transmission,high security, wide coverage.Therefore this design has wide application prospect and important practical significance.
引文
[1]吕治安.ZigBee网络原理与应用开发.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[2]李文仲、段朝玉等.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[3]TheZigbeeAlliance.http://www.ZigBee.org
[4]IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003. Oct.2003.http://www.ieee802.org
[5]TI.802.15.4 MAC Application Programming Interface. Versionl.1.March,2007. http://www.ZigBee. org
[6]TI Implementation of Microstrip Balun for CC2420, CC243x, andCC2480. http://www.ZigBee.org
[7]ZigBee Alliance. ZigBeeSpecification, Version 1.0. Dec.2004. http://www.ZigBee.org
[8]ZigBeeAllianee, ZigBee-2006 Specification. Dec.2006. http://www.ZigBee.org
[9]瞿雷、刘盛德、胡威.ZigBee技术及应用.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[10]高守玮、吴灿阳等.ZigBee技术实践教程—基于CC2430/31的无线传感器网络解决方案.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2009
[11]闫沫.ZigBee协议栈的分析与设计.厦门大学,2007
[12]求是科技、李现勇Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实.北京：人民邮电出版社,2002.
[13]明日科技、王瑞、于速、张雨.Visual C++数据库系统开发完全手册.北京：人民邮电出版社,2006
[14]李涛、刘凯奎、王永皎.Visual C+++SQL Server数据库开发与实例.北京：清华大学出版社
[15]童丽丽.基于ZigBee技术的协议开发与平台设计.沈阳工业大学,2008
[16]TI CC2430 Data Sheet.http://www.ember.com
[17]张春峰,朱玉玉,陈永辉.基于ZigBee的温室无线C02传感器网络节点设计.工业控制计算机.2009,22(10)：36-37
[18]刘子京,裴文江.基于ZigBee协议的无线传感器网络研究.计算机技术与发展.2009,19(5)：192-194
[19]TI ZStack-1.4.3-1.2.1. http://www.ti.com.
[20]李劲松,杨明,刘晓平.基于CC2430和ZigBee2006协议栈的通信模块设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2010,26-28
[21]程春荣、毛祥根、武利珍.基于ZigBee技术的水质监测系统.电子器件.2009,32(5)：942-944
[22]冯海朋、李勇、康燕、李颖.无线传感器网络上位机监控系统.计算机时 代.2009,(4)：26-27
[23]潘云宽.基于zigBee的无线传感网络环境监测系统研究.南京理工大学,2010
[24]TI. Z-Stack Application ProgrammingInterface.Jul,2007.http://www.ZigBee.org
[25]TI.Z-Stack OS Abstraction Layer Application Programming Interface.Dec,2007. http://www.ZigBee.org
[26]TI.HAL Drivers Application Programming Interface.Nov,2006. http://www.ZigBee.org
[27]TI. Z-StackSample ApplicationFor CC2430DB.Mar,2007. http://www.ZigBee.org
[28]TI. Application Note:Create New Application For The CC2430DB.May,2007. http://www.ZigBee.org
[29]赵建领.51系列单片机开发宝典.电子工业出版社,2007
[30]Daniel M.Dobkin.无线网络射频工程硬件、天线和电波传播.李晋文.人民邮电出版社2008版社,2002
[31]冯育长,雷思孝,马金强.单片机系统设计与实例分析.西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[32]李文仲,段朝玉.短距离无线数据通信入门与实战.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[33]求实科技编著.单片机通信技术与工程实践.人民邮电报出版社,2005
[34]李建忠.单片机原理及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[35]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[36]夏路易、石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE.北京希望电子出版社,2002
[37]任希林,郑浩.怎样用万用电表检测无线电元器件.人民邮电出版社,2002
[38]李现勇.Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践.人民邮电出版社,2004
[39]吴金平.Visual C++6.0编程与实战.中国水利水电出版社,2004
[40]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践.电子工业出版社,2004
[41]孟建军,殷红.面向对象的测控系统软件设计.西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[42]谭浩强.C程序设计第二版.清华大学出版社,2001
[43]沈兰荪,田栋.无线视频传输技术的发展.电子技术应用,2004,1(217)：123
[44]姚娅川.射频技术实现信息的无线高速传输.西南民族大学学报·自然科学版,2009,35(3)：652
[45]付炜,马建国.2.4GHz射频识别中标签电路设计与实现.电子应用技术,2007,11：61
[2]李文仲、段朝玉等.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[3]TheZigbeeAlliance.http://www.ZigBee.org
[4]IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003. Oct.2003.http://www.ieee802.org
[5]TI.802.15.4 MAC Application Programming Interface. Versionl.1.March,2007. http://www.ZigBee. org
[6]TI Implementation of Microstrip Balun for CC2420, CC243x, andCC2480. http://www.ZigBee.org
[7]ZigBee Alliance. ZigBeeSpecification, Version 1.0. Dec.2004. http://www.ZigBee.org
[8]ZigBeeAllianee, ZigBee-2006 Specification. Dec.2006. http://www.ZigBee.org
[9]瞿雷、刘盛德、胡威.ZigBee技术及应用.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[10]高守玮、吴灿阳等.ZigBee技术实践教程—基于CC2430/31的无线传感器网络解决方案.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2009
[11]闫沫.ZigBee协议栈的分析与设计.厦门大学,2007
[12]求是科技、李现勇Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实.北京：人民邮电出版社,2002.
[13]明日科技、王瑞、于速、张雨.Visual C++数据库系统开发完全手册.北京：人民邮电出版社,2006
[14]李涛、刘凯奎、王永皎.Visual C+++SQL Server数据库开发与实例.北京：清华大学出版社
[15]童丽丽.基于ZigBee技术的协议开发与平台设计.沈阳工业大学,2008
[16]TI CC2430 Data Sheet.http://www.ember.com
[17]张春峰,朱玉玉,陈永辉.基于ZigBee的温室无线C02传感器网络节点设计.工业控制计算机.2009,22(10)：36-37
[18]刘子京,裴文江.基于ZigBee协议的无线传感器网络研究.计算机技术与发展.2009,19(5)：192-194
[19]TI ZStack-1.4.3-1.2.1. http://www.ti.com.
[20]李劲松,杨明,刘晓平.基于CC2430和ZigBee2006协议栈的通信模块设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2010,26-28
[21]程春荣、毛祥根、武利珍.基于ZigBee技术的水质监测系统.电子器件.2009,32(5)：942-944
[22]冯海朋、李勇、康燕、李颖.无线传感器网络上位机监控系统.计算机时 代.2009,(4)：26-27
[23]潘云宽.基于zigBee的无线传感网络环境监测系统研究.南京理工大学,2010
[24]TI. Z-Stack Application ProgrammingInterface.Jul,2007.http://www.ZigBee.org
[25]TI.Z-Stack OS Abstraction Layer Application Programming Interface.Dec,2007. http://www.ZigBee.org
[26]TI.HAL Drivers Application Programming Interface.Nov,2006. http://www.ZigBee.org
[27]TI. Z-StackSample ApplicationFor CC2430DB.Mar,2007. http://www.ZigBee.org
[28]TI. Application Note:Create New Application For The CC2430DB.May,2007. http://www.ZigBee.org
[29]赵建领.51系列单片机开发宝典.电子工业出版社,2007
[30]Daniel M.Dobkin.无线网络射频工程硬件、天线和电波传播.李晋文.人民邮电出版社2008版社,2002
[31]冯育长,雷思孝,马金强.单片机系统设计与实例分析.西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[32]李文仲,段朝玉.短距离无线数据通信入门与实战.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[33]求实科技编著.单片机通信技术与工程实践.人民邮电报出版社,2005
[34]李建忠.单片机原理及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[35]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[36]夏路易、石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程Protel 99SE.北京希望电子出版社,2002
[37]任希林,郑浩.怎样用万用电表检测无线电元器件.人民邮电出版社,2002
[38]李现勇.Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践.人民邮电出版社,2004
[39]吴金平.Visual C++6.0编程与实战.中国水利水电出版社,2004
[40]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践.电子工业出版社,2004
[41]孟建军,殷红.面向对象的测控系统软件设计.西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[42]谭浩强.C程序设计第二版.清华大学出版社,2001
[43]沈兰荪,田栋.无线视频传输技术的发展.电子技术应用,2004,1(217)：123
[44]姚娅川.射频技术实现信息的无线高速传输.西南民族大学学报·自然科学版,2009,35(3)：652
[45]付炜,马建国.2.4GHz射频识别中标签电路设计与实现.电子应用技术,2007,11：61