电流控制全平衡电流传输器及其电流模式滤波器研究
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摘要
在超大规模集成电路的飞速发展过程中,电流模式电路在速度、带宽等方面显示了巨大的优势。作为电流模式电路中的基本模块,电流传输器具有频率范围宽、线性度好、转换速率高等优点。但是,以目前工艺实现的电流传输器,电流输入端存在一个不可忽略的寄生电阻,在电压传输中产生了误差,采用电流控制电流传输器是目前解决该问题的最佳途径。
在超大规模集成电路中,由数字模块引起的噪声极大地影响了系统中的模拟模块,全平衡式结构的电流传输器,能有效地抑制这些以共模信号形式出现的噪声,并且,由全平衡结构的电流传输器构成的差分式滤波器也可将该噪声进行滤除。
本文主要致力于研究具有全平衡结构的电流控制电流传输器及其在滤波器、放大器和普适电流传输器方面的应用。本论文首先阐述了电流传输器的发展历程及其在电流模式连续时间滤波器中的应用现状,详细介绍了各种电流传输器的端口特性、电路原理及典型电路实现,以及在电流模式二阶和高阶滤波器中的应用。在此基础上对全平衡结构的电流控制电流传输器及其构成的电流模式滤波器、放大器及普适电流传输器进行了创新性研究。本文主要的创新工作可概括如下：
(1)本论文提出一个具有全平衡结构的电流控制电流传输器,即电流控制全平衡电流传输器(CFBCCⅡ),将偏置电流可控的电阻引入到全平衡结构的电流传输器中,使得电路既具有全平衡网络的优势,又能偏置电流可控。提出的CFBCCⅡ电路的所有端口均为差分式,引入的共模反馈单元能有效地抑制共模信号。该电路采用CMOS复合管构成的跨导线性环实现电压的传输,在无需苛刻的工艺条件下,消除了传统电流传输器的电压传输误差,电路本身具备的电阻特性减少了应用电路中无源元件的数目,更使得应用电路的多种参数能够实现电可调。
(2)本论文提出3种基于CFBCCⅡ的二阶电流模式滤波器,包括一种基于单个CFBCCⅡ的多输入单输出滤波器和两种基于多个CFBCCⅡ的多输入多输出滤波器。其中基于单个CFBCCⅡ的多输入单输出滤波器为单端式结构,电路仅使用一个CFBCCⅡ2个接地无源元件,由于CFBCCⅡ自身的电阻特性,电路无需任何电阻,适当选择输入端口即可实现低通、带通、高通、带阻及全通5种滤波功能,滤波器的固有频率及品质因数独立可调。
两种基于多个CFBCCⅡ的多输入多输出滤波器均为差分式结构,第一种结构的滤波器使用2个CFBCCⅡ和4对接地无源元件,第二种结构的滤波器使用3个CFBCCⅡ和2对接地无源元件,两种电路均能实现低通、带通及高通3种滤波功能,且固有频率和品质因数独立可调。
采用chartered0.35μm工艺,对CFBCCⅡ电路、基于CFBCCⅡ的单端式多输入单输出滤波器以及基于3个CFBCCⅡ的差分式多输入多输出滤波器利用Candence软件进行版图设计,并参加MPW流片计划完成了流片实验。
(3)本论文提出基于CFBCCⅡ的电流模式高阶椭圆滤波器,该滤波器的特点是：电路为差分式结构,能较好地抑制共模信号,滤波器的截止频率可由CFBCCⅡ的偏置电流进行调节,采用的跳耦法使得设计过程简单明了,并保留了无源RLC梯形滤波器的低灵敏度。
(4)本论文在CFBCCⅡ电路的基础上提出了一个普适电流传输器,可以很方便的构成各种电流传输器,电路具有较强的普适性。作为CFBCCⅡ的应用,提出了基于CFBCCⅡ的2种差分式电流模式放大器及2种差分式电压模式放大器,放大器的放大增益均可通过CFBCCⅡ的偏置电流进行调节。
As the development in VLSI circuits, there is a growing interest in current mode circuits due to their better linearity, wider bandwidth, simpler architectures and lower supply voltage capabilities than their voltage-mode counterparts. As a basic building block of the current mode circuit, current conveyors can provide wider bandwidth and better accuracy compared with voltage mode operational amplifiers. However, current conveyors being implemented with the existing techniques suffer from the intrinsic resistance in the current input terminal, which leads to a relatively significant voltage tracking error in the voltage transfer, for the moment, current controlled current conveyors are the best solution to the problem.
In the VLSI circuit, the noise, actually the common mode signals, aroused by the digital part would influence the analog part, while current conveyors with fully balanced structure can effectively suppress these noise, moreover, differential filters implemented by the fully balanced current conveyors can filter out the noise.
This dissertation mainly focuses on the study of the realization of a current controlled current conveyor with fully balanced structure and its application in current mode filters, amplifiers and universal current conveyors. Firstly, the research situation of the development and filter application of current conveyor is summarized. The port characteristics, circuit principles and typical circuit realizations of current conveyor and its filter applications are introduced in detail. Then, the creative studies on the current controlled fully balanced current conveyor and its applications on filters, amplifiers and universal current conveyors are investigated. The main innovative work of this dissertation is as follows.
(1) This dissertation proposed a current controlled fully balanced current conveyor (CFBCCII), the circuit introduces a current controlled resistance to the fully balanced current conveyor, the resulting circuit not only has the advantage of fully balanced structure, but also can be controlled by the bias current. All the terminals of CFBCCII are differential, and the circuit can restrain common mode signals effectively in virtue of the introduction of the common mode feedback block. The voltage input cell is implemented from a translinear loop composed of CMOS compound transistors, which can eliminate the voltage transfer errors in the conventional current conveyors. Moreover, the intrinsic resistance of CFBCCII lowers the number of the passive elements when implementing various application circuits, and the parameters of the application circuits can be tuned by the bias current.
(2) The dissertation proposed3CFBCCII based second-order current-mode filters, including a multi-input single-output filter based on a single CFBCCII and two multi-input multi-output filters based on multi-CFBCCII. The multi-input single-output filter based on a single CFBCCII is single ended, the circuit employs one CFBCCII, two grounded passive elements. In virtue of CFBCCII, the filter does not need any resistors. Numerous filtering functions can be obtained depending on the status of the input current. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be tuned independently.
The rest two filters are both differential, the first one employs2CFBCCIIs and4pairs of grounded passive elements, the second one uses3CFBCCIIs and2pairs of grounded passive elements, both filters can realize low-pass, ban-pass and all-pass filtering functions, the natural frequency and the quality factor are independently tuned.
The layout design is also carried out for the CFBCCII circuit, CFBCCII based single ended multi-input single-output filter and the differential multi-input multi-output filter based on3CFBCCIIs, eventually, the above three circuits are taped out successfully with Chartered0.35μm process.
(3) A current mode high order elliptic filter was proposed based on CFBCCII with leapfrog synthesis, this filter is differential, which can suppress common mode signals effectively, and the cutoff frequency can be controlled by the bias current of CFBCCIIs. The Leapfrog synthesis is simple and intuitive, moreover, the filter inherit the low sensitivities of passive RLC ladder filters.
(4) This dissertation proposed a universal current conveyor based on CFBCCII, the proposed circuit can realize many kinds of current conveyors conveniently. Two kinds of current mode and voltage mode amplifiers based on CFBCCIIs are also proposed as the application of CFBCCII, the gains of the amplifiers can be adjusted by the bias current of CFBCCII.
在超大规模集成电路中,由数字模块引起的噪声极大地影响了系统中的模拟模块,全平衡式结构的电流传输器,能有效地抑制这些以共模信号形式出现的噪声,并且,由全平衡结构的电流传输器构成的差分式滤波器也可将该噪声进行滤除。
本文主要致力于研究具有全平衡结构的电流控制电流传输器及其在滤波器、放大器和普适电流传输器方面的应用。本论文首先阐述了电流传输器的发展历程及其在电流模式连续时间滤波器中的应用现状,详细介绍了各种电流传输器的端口特性、电路原理及典型电路实现,以及在电流模式二阶和高阶滤波器中的应用。在此基础上对全平衡结构的电流控制电流传输器及其构成的电流模式滤波器、放大器及普适电流传输器进行了创新性研究。本文主要的创新工作可概括如下：
(1)本论文提出一个具有全平衡结构的电流控制电流传输器,即电流控制全平衡电流传输器(CFBCCⅡ),将偏置电流可控的电阻引入到全平衡结构的电流传输器中,使得电路既具有全平衡网络的优势,又能偏置电流可控。提出的CFBCCⅡ电路的所有端口均为差分式,引入的共模反馈单元能有效地抑制共模信号。该电路采用CMOS复合管构成的跨导线性环实现电压的传输,在无需苛刻的工艺条件下,消除了传统电流传输器的电压传输误差,电路本身具备的电阻特性减少了应用电路中无源元件的数目,更使得应用电路的多种参数能够实现电可调。
(2)本论文提出3种基于CFBCCⅡ的二阶电流模式滤波器,包括一种基于单个CFBCCⅡ的多输入单输出滤波器和两种基于多个CFBCCⅡ的多输入多输出滤波器。其中基于单个CFBCCⅡ的多输入单输出滤波器为单端式结构,电路仅使用一个CFBCCⅡ2个接地无源元件,由于CFBCCⅡ自身的电阻特性,电路无需任何电阻,适当选择输入端口即可实现低通、带通、高通、带阻及全通5种滤波功能,滤波器的固有频率及品质因数独立可调。
两种基于多个CFBCCⅡ的多输入多输出滤波器均为差分式结构,第一种结构的滤波器使用2个CFBCCⅡ和4对接地无源元件,第二种结构的滤波器使用3个CFBCCⅡ和2对接地无源元件,两种电路均能实现低通、带通及高通3种滤波功能,且固有频率和品质因数独立可调。
采用chartered0.35μm工艺,对CFBCCⅡ电路、基于CFBCCⅡ的单端式多输入单输出滤波器以及基于3个CFBCCⅡ的差分式多输入多输出滤波器利用Candence软件进行版图设计,并参加MPW流片计划完成了流片实验。
(3)本论文提出基于CFBCCⅡ的电流模式高阶椭圆滤波器,该滤波器的特点是：电路为差分式结构,能较好地抑制共模信号,滤波器的截止频率可由CFBCCⅡ的偏置电流进行调节,采用的跳耦法使得设计过程简单明了,并保留了无源RLC梯形滤波器的低灵敏度。
(4)本论文在CFBCCⅡ电路的基础上提出了一个普适电流传输器,可以很方便的构成各种电流传输器,电路具有较强的普适性。作为CFBCCⅡ的应用,提出了基于CFBCCⅡ的2种差分式电流模式放大器及2种差分式电压模式放大器,放大器的放大增益均可通过CFBCCⅡ的偏置电流进行调节。
As the development in VLSI circuits, there is a growing interest in current mode circuits due to their better linearity, wider bandwidth, simpler architectures and lower supply voltage capabilities than their voltage-mode counterparts. As a basic building block of the current mode circuit, current conveyors can provide wider bandwidth and better accuracy compared with voltage mode operational amplifiers. However, current conveyors being implemented with the existing techniques suffer from the intrinsic resistance in the current input terminal, which leads to a relatively significant voltage tracking error in the voltage transfer, for the moment, current controlled current conveyors are the best solution to the problem.
In the VLSI circuit, the noise, actually the common mode signals, aroused by the digital part would influence the analog part, while current conveyors with fully balanced structure can effectively suppress these noise, moreover, differential filters implemented by the fully balanced current conveyors can filter out the noise.
This dissertation mainly focuses on the study of the realization of a current controlled current conveyor with fully balanced structure and its application in current mode filters, amplifiers and universal current conveyors. Firstly, the research situation of the development and filter application of current conveyor is summarized. The port characteristics, circuit principles and typical circuit realizations of current conveyor and its filter applications are introduced in detail. Then, the creative studies on the current controlled fully balanced current conveyor and its applications on filters, amplifiers and universal current conveyors are investigated. The main innovative work of this dissertation is as follows.
(1) This dissertation proposed a current controlled fully balanced current conveyor (CFBCCII), the circuit introduces a current controlled resistance to the fully balanced current conveyor, the resulting circuit not only has the advantage of fully balanced structure, but also can be controlled by the bias current. All the terminals of CFBCCII are differential, and the circuit can restrain common mode signals effectively in virtue of the introduction of the common mode feedback block. The voltage input cell is implemented from a translinear loop composed of CMOS compound transistors, which can eliminate the voltage transfer errors in the conventional current conveyors. Moreover, the intrinsic resistance of CFBCCII lowers the number of the passive elements when implementing various application circuits, and the parameters of the application circuits can be tuned by the bias current.
(2) The dissertation proposed3CFBCCII based second-order current-mode filters, including a multi-input single-output filter based on a single CFBCCII and two multi-input multi-output filters based on multi-CFBCCII. The multi-input single-output filter based on a single CFBCCII is single ended, the circuit employs one CFBCCII, two grounded passive elements. In virtue of CFBCCII, the filter does not need any resistors. Numerous filtering functions can be obtained depending on the status of the input current. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be tuned independently.
The rest two filters are both differential, the first one employs2CFBCCIIs and4pairs of grounded passive elements, the second one uses3CFBCCIIs and2pairs of grounded passive elements, both filters can realize low-pass, ban-pass and all-pass filtering functions, the natural frequency and the quality factor are independently tuned.
The layout design is also carried out for the CFBCCII circuit, CFBCCII based single ended multi-input single-output filter and the differential multi-input multi-output filter based on3CFBCCIIs, eventually, the above three circuits are taped out successfully with Chartered0.35μm process.
(3) A current mode high order elliptic filter was proposed based on CFBCCII with leapfrog synthesis, this filter is differential, which can suppress common mode signals effectively, and the cutoff frequency can be controlled by the bias current of CFBCCIIs. The Leapfrog synthesis is simple and intuitive, moreover, the filter inherit the low sensitivities of passive RLC ladder filters.
(4) This dissertation proposed a universal current conveyor based on CFBCCII, the proposed circuit can realize many kinds of current conveyors conveniently. Two kinds of current mode and voltage mode amplifiers based on CFBCCIIs are also proposed as the application of CFBCCII, the gains of the amplifiers can be adjusted by the bias current of CFBCCII.
引文
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