智能移动视频监控系统的设计与实现
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摘要
智能移动视频监控是计算机视觉领域一个备受关注的前沿课题,是计算机科学、移动通信、图像处理、嵌入式技术、模式识别及人工智能等多学科高科技的结晶。它能够解决被动监控、监控点固定、自主识别目标能力差等问题。
目前,移动网络数据传输多采用服务器转发方式。为了保证信息安全可靠,本文提出一种基于P2P方式的智能移动视频监控方案,并对其核心技术进行深入分析,引入动态地址解析的概念,在此基础上阐述了具体的嵌入式实现方法。
本文分别从移动监控和智能监控两个技术环节进行分析。对于移动监控技术,以GPRS网络为例给出实现方案。针对视频压缩、传输协议及交互控制方式问题提出应对策略。通过对主流视频编码方式进行比较,选择M-JPEG编码方式以适应移动网络特性。结合RTP协议及自定义的控制协议解决窄带移动网络视频数据点对点传输问题。对于智能监控技术,本文提出智能预警和目标捕获跟踪相结合的智能监控方案。分别采用差影法和模板匹配法实现预警及跟踪。利用投影法和小波变换技术及最小二乘法对模板匹配算法进行优化,并给出相应的仿真结果。
在嵌入式实现方面,本文分别给出了嵌入式视频服务器和手持终端软件实现方法。首先,基于TI公司的DM642芯片设计了嵌入式视频服务器硬件平台,介绍了系统结构,电路板设计及具体调试步骤。然后,阐述了基于DSP|BIOS和RF5的嵌入式视频服务器软件实现流程。着重说明了视频压缩、传输协议、预警及跟踪等算法的移植过程,并给出线程调度策略。对于手持终端软件开发,本文实现了基于JAVA的移动视频客户端设计。完成了移动视频数据接收,视频解码回放及反馈控制等功能,并给出程序流程图及效果演示图。
实验结果表明,系统达到预计设计目标,在现有移动网络条件下可完成智能移动监控任务。随着移动通信及嵌入式技术的发展,智能移动监控系统将具有更广阔的应用空间。
With the increasingly sophisticated of embedded technology and the rapid development of mobile communications, current existing Video Surveillance equipment such as network video recorders has not been able to meet the demand for gaining information anytime no matter where you are. As the 3G standard set and related equipment launched, it is gradually possible to realize real-time data transmission with Mobile network. In recent years, due to the rapid development of embedded processing technology, High-speed embedded processor has been able to complete real-time process of multi-channel video, which make Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System become the research hotspot.
The P2P Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System proposed in this paper is based on mobile network, which not only solves the problems of existing surveillance system, such as passive, fixed-point and not-smart and so on, but also make the information transmission safe and reliable. As a result, it will have a wide range of application such as Safety at home, school monitoring, traffic information monitoring, large-scale factory and public places monitoring and so on. In this paper, conduct a feasibility analysis of smart mobile video surveillance separately from the intelligent monitoring to the mobile monitoring, based on which, it gives the design, Principle and Simulation of Algorithm, followed by introducing to design the server and the client of the smart mobile video surveillance.
1. The Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System
The Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System proposed in this paper is based on P2P mode, and compared with Store-and-forward mode, it leads into the concept of Dynamic address resolution, which helps ensure the information security and improve the real-time. This design makes use of GPRS network to complete data transmission, so it’s necessary to analyze the structure of network first, and taking into account the Narrow bandwidth of existing networks, the paper proposes three mobile network video data transmission solution in such situation:
(1) Video Compression
Above all, this article compares the M-JPEG compression algorithm with the MPEG-4, both of which are the representative of intra-frame and inter-frame compression. Taking into account the mobile network many-routing and large volatility, the M-JPEG algorithm is simpler and easy to achieve, and what’s more, it can adjust the parameters according to network status to meet the need to transfer data in Network status unstable environment. As a result, the paper prefers to M-JPEG algorithm.
(2) Transfer Protocol
In this paper, RTP / RTCP is used as the protocol in data transmission network to ensure the higher real-time, and together with the RTCP protocol, to ensure the transmission stable. The RTP used in this paper is based on UDP and it’s necessary to give the principle of it.
(3) Control Mode
To ensure the reliability of the transmission in mobile networks with wide volatility, the paper proposes three control modes, which are the channel and terminal joint control, network status monitoring and prediction and terminal feedback control. In order to predict the network fluctuations, it takes some prediction method to monitor the status of network.
Regarding Intelligent design, the paper brings up the intelligent warning methods and the target acquisition and tracking methods. The purpose of intelligent warning, which mainly uses the motion detection algorithm,is to give warning information for anomalies and sudden event timely and reliably. While the goal of target acquisition and tracking methods which helps personnel to complete monitoring, is to complete a real-time tracking of suspicious targets or custom ones.
The algorithms used in this design consist of video compression algorithm, intelligent warning algorithm, target acquisition and tracking algorithm. The paper presents the principles of the three algorithms in detail, and taking the acquisition and tracking algorithm for example, it proposes the detection method of optimum correlation point based on wavelet transform and the method of least squares, and gives the results of simulation through using Mexico Hat wavelet.
2. The Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Server
The design, which uses P2P mode, and works on C/S mode, is divided into intelligent mobile video surveillance server and client. First of all, it introduces the design of intelligent mobile video surveillance server in both hardware and software aspects.
(1) Hardware Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Server
The core of the hardware platform is performed by TMS320DM642, whose dominant frequency reaches up to 600MHz, and it provides rich peripheral interfaces. The hardware platform includes video capture and playback module, network module, memory module, power module and IO expansion module. It takes SAA7121H and TVP5150AM1 as Video codec chip, and BCM5221 as the core chip of network module, and what’s more, MT48LC4M32B2 is used as the SDRAM of memory module, while FLASH chip use S29AL032D, and IO expansion make use of CPLD. The article introduces the method of design and the process of debug, including the test of each module and the solution of most common problems.
(2) Software Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Server
In order to improve development efficiency and shorten the development cycle, the design of software is based on DSP|BIOS and RF5. Before introducing the method for designing intelligent mobile video surveillance server, such as the distribution and schedule of thread, and the transplantation of core algorithm, the paper gives the basic concepts of DSP|BIOS and RF5, and finally illustrates program flow chart and experimental results.
3. The Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Client
With the popularization and development of smart of mobile phone,the design of intelligent mobile video surveillance client is mainly based on mobile phone. In order to improve software portability, it makes uses of JAVA. The development of mobile phone and the method of the design based on J2ME are introduced first, followed by elaborating the way to design software of intelligent mobile video surveillance client, including implementation method of each functional module, whose purpose are to achieve the functions of video data reception and playback, interactive control commands sent, Image storage and so on. This part is ended up with the program flow chart and the effect of presentation figure.
4. Summary
In this paper, the design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System could rate up to 3-5 frame/sec, under the condition of with a resolution of 176×144 in the GPRS network, and furthermore, it has the functions of video capture, video playback, image storage, intelligent warning and target acquisition and tracking, etc, and mostly completes the mission established. The system has more extensive application of space on intelligent home, schools and factories surveillance, etc. With the development of 3G, Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance will be applied widely along with the capacity of storage medium increasing.
目前,移动网络数据传输多采用服务器转发方式。为了保证信息安全可靠,本文提出一种基于P2P方式的智能移动视频监控方案,并对其核心技术进行深入分析,引入动态地址解析的概念,在此基础上阐述了具体的嵌入式实现方法。
本文分别从移动监控和智能监控两个技术环节进行分析。对于移动监控技术,以GPRS网络为例给出实现方案。针对视频压缩、传输协议及交互控制方式问题提出应对策略。通过对主流视频编码方式进行比较,选择M-JPEG编码方式以适应移动网络特性。结合RTP协议及自定义的控制协议解决窄带移动网络视频数据点对点传输问题。对于智能监控技术,本文提出智能预警和目标捕获跟踪相结合的智能监控方案。分别采用差影法和模板匹配法实现预警及跟踪。利用投影法和小波变换技术及最小二乘法对模板匹配算法进行优化,并给出相应的仿真结果。
在嵌入式实现方面,本文分别给出了嵌入式视频服务器和手持终端软件实现方法。首先,基于TI公司的DM642芯片设计了嵌入式视频服务器硬件平台,介绍了系统结构,电路板设计及具体调试步骤。然后,阐述了基于DSP|BIOS和RF5的嵌入式视频服务器软件实现流程。着重说明了视频压缩、传输协议、预警及跟踪等算法的移植过程,并给出线程调度策略。对于手持终端软件开发,本文实现了基于JAVA的移动视频客户端设计。完成了移动视频数据接收,视频解码回放及反馈控制等功能,并给出程序流程图及效果演示图。
实验结果表明,系统达到预计设计目标,在现有移动网络条件下可完成智能移动监控任务。随着移动通信及嵌入式技术的发展,智能移动监控系统将具有更广阔的应用空间。
With the increasingly sophisticated of embedded technology and the rapid development of mobile communications, current existing Video Surveillance equipment such as network video recorders has not been able to meet the demand for gaining information anytime no matter where you are. As the 3G standard set and related equipment launched, it is gradually possible to realize real-time data transmission with Mobile network. In recent years, due to the rapid development of embedded processing technology, High-speed embedded processor has been able to complete real-time process of multi-channel video, which make Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System become the research hotspot.
The P2P Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System proposed in this paper is based on mobile network, which not only solves the problems of existing surveillance system, such as passive, fixed-point and not-smart and so on, but also make the information transmission safe and reliable. As a result, it will have a wide range of application such as Safety at home, school monitoring, traffic information monitoring, large-scale factory and public places monitoring and so on. In this paper, conduct a feasibility analysis of smart mobile video surveillance separately from the intelligent monitoring to the mobile monitoring, based on which, it gives the design, Principle and Simulation of Algorithm, followed by introducing to design the server and the client of the smart mobile video surveillance.
1. The Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System
The Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System proposed in this paper is based on P2P mode, and compared with Store-and-forward mode, it leads into the concept of Dynamic address resolution, which helps ensure the information security and improve the real-time. This design makes use of GPRS network to complete data transmission, so it’s necessary to analyze the structure of network first, and taking into account the Narrow bandwidth of existing networks, the paper proposes three mobile network video data transmission solution in such situation:
(1) Video Compression
Above all, this article compares the M-JPEG compression algorithm with the MPEG-4, both of which are the representative of intra-frame and inter-frame compression. Taking into account the mobile network many-routing and large volatility, the M-JPEG algorithm is simpler and easy to achieve, and what’s more, it can adjust the parameters according to network status to meet the need to transfer data in Network status unstable environment. As a result, the paper prefers to M-JPEG algorithm.
(2) Transfer Protocol
In this paper, RTP / RTCP is used as the protocol in data transmission network to ensure the higher real-time, and together with the RTCP protocol, to ensure the transmission stable. The RTP used in this paper is based on UDP and it’s necessary to give the principle of it.
(3) Control Mode
To ensure the reliability of the transmission in mobile networks with wide volatility, the paper proposes three control modes, which are the channel and terminal joint control, network status monitoring and prediction and terminal feedback control. In order to predict the network fluctuations, it takes some prediction method to monitor the status of network.
Regarding Intelligent design, the paper brings up the intelligent warning methods and the target acquisition and tracking methods. The purpose of intelligent warning, which mainly uses the motion detection algorithm,is to give warning information for anomalies and sudden event timely and reliably. While the goal of target acquisition and tracking methods which helps personnel to complete monitoring, is to complete a real-time tracking of suspicious targets or custom ones.
The algorithms used in this design consist of video compression algorithm, intelligent warning algorithm, target acquisition and tracking algorithm. The paper presents the principles of the three algorithms in detail, and taking the acquisition and tracking algorithm for example, it proposes the detection method of optimum correlation point based on wavelet transform and the method of least squares, and gives the results of simulation through using Mexico Hat wavelet.
2. The Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Server
The design, which uses P2P mode, and works on C/S mode, is divided into intelligent mobile video surveillance server and client. First of all, it introduces the design of intelligent mobile video surveillance server in both hardware and software aspects.
(1) Hardware Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Server
The core of the hardware platform is performed by TMS320DM642, whose dominant frequency reaches up to 600MHz, and it provides rich peripheral interfaces. The hardware platform includes video capture and playback module, network module, memory module, power module and IO expansion module. It takes SAA7121H and TVP5150AM1 as Video codec chip, and BCM5221 as the core chip of network module, and what’s more, MT48LC4M32B2 is used as the SDRAM of memory module, while FLASH chip use S29AL032D, and IO expansion make use of CPLD. The article introduces the method of design and the process of debug, including the test of each module and the solution of most common problems.
(2) Software Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Server
In order to improve development efficiency and shorten the development cycle, the design of software is based on DSP|BIOS and RF5. Before introducing the method for designing intelligent mobile video surveillance server, such as the distribution and schedule of thread, and the transplantation of core algorithm, the paper gives the basic concepts of DSP|BIOS and RF5, and finally illustrates program flow chart and experimental results.
3. The Design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance Client
With the popularization and development of smart of mobile phone,the design of intelligent mobile video surveillance client is mainly based on mobile phone. In order to improve software portability, it makes uses of JAVA. The development of mobile phone and the method of the design based on J2ME are introduced first, followed by elaborating the way to design software of intelligent mobile video surveillance client, including implementation method of each functional module, whose purpose are to achieve the functions of video data reception and playback, interactive control commands sent, Image storage and so on. This part is ended up with the program flow chart and the effect of presentation figure.
4. Summary
In this paper, the design of Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance System could rate up to 3-5 frame/sec, under the condition of with a resolution of 176×144 in the GPRS network, and furthermore, it has the functions of video capture, video playback, image storage, intelligent warning and target acquisition and tracking, etc, and mostly completes the mission established. The system has more extensive application of space on intelligent home, schools and factories surveillance, etc. With the development of 3G, Intelligent Mobile Video Surveillance will be applied widely along with the capacity of storage medium increasing.
引文
[1].朱得旭.数字监控的新秀----移动视频监控技术及其应用[J].中国安防产品信息.2006.1.
[2].胡瑞敏等.移动视频监控技术的难点、进展及应用[J].中国安防.2007年9月.
[3].GPRS系统讲座[J].移动通信在线.2002年3月.
[4].M-JPEG和MPEG-4压缩技术比较[J/OL].源码下载网.2006年8月16日.
[5].卢曦等.RTP协议在嵌入式网络处理器中的设计与实现[J].电视技术.2007年4月.
[6].蔺广逢等.智能视频监控中的人体检测与识别[J].计算机应用.2007年12月.
[7].田青等.智能视频监控检测对比[J].中国安防.2007年3月.
[8].侯俊.Motion JPEG2000视频编码技术研究[J].上海:上海交通大学通信与信息技术研究所.2007年5月
[9].容观澳.计算机图像处理[M].清华大学出版社.2000.2.
[10].李尊民.电视自动跟踪的基本原理[J].国防工业出版社.1998年9月.
[11].M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, P. Mathieu, and I. Daubechies. Image coding using wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Image Proc[J]., 1(2):205-220, April 1992.
[12].黎梨苗等.基于小波理论的信号分析研究[J].微计算机信息.2008年第24卷第3-1期.
[13].龙从彬等.用墨西哥帽小波函数研究雅安降水变化[J].四川气象.2007年第4期.
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[2].胡瑞敏等.移动视频监控技术的难点、进展及应用[J].中国安防.2007年9月.
[3].GPRS系统讲座[J].移动通信在线.2002年3月.
[4].M-JPEG和MPEG-4压缩技术比较[J/OL].源码下载网.2006年8月16日.
[5].卢曦等.RTP协议在嵌入式网络处理器中的设计与实现[J].电视技术.2007年4月.
[6].蔺广逢等.智能视频监控中的人体检测与识别[J].计算机应用.2007年12月.
[7].田青等.智能视频监控检测对比[J].中国安防.2007年3月.
[8].侯俊.Motion JPEG2000视频编码技术研究[J].上海:上海交通大学通信与信息技术研究所.2007年5月
[9].容观澳.计算机图像处理[M].清华大学出版社.2000.2.
[10].李尊民.电视自动跟踪的基本原理[J].国防工业出版社.1998年9月.
[11].M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, P. Mathieu, and I. Daubechies. Image coding using wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Image Proc[J]., 1(2):205-220, April 1992.
[12].黎梨苗等.基于小波理论的信号分析研究[J].微计算机信息.2008年第24卷第3-1期.
[13].龙从彬等.用墨西哥帽小波函数研究雅安降水变化[J].四川气象.2007年第4期.
[14].TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2002: 32-186.
[15].Vishal Markandey, Dipa Rao.TMS320DM642 Technical Overview[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2002: 3-40.
[16].TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2000: 21-30.
[17].TMS320C64x DSP Two-Level Internal Memory Reference Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2004: 9-12.
[18].TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller Reference Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2004: 14-158.
[19].TMS320C64x DSP Video Port/VCXO nterpolated Control (VIC) Port Reference Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2004-8: 17-247.
[20].TVP5150AM1 Data Manual[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2004.
[21].SAA7121 Data Sheet[EB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2002.
[22].TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2004: 14-133.
[23].MT48LC4M32G-7 Data Sheet[EB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2002.
[24].S29AL032D Data Sheet[EB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2005.
[25].ispLSI2128VE Data Sheet[EB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2000.
[26].TMS320C6000 DSP Ethernet Media Access Controller (EMAC)/Management Data Input/Output (MDIO) Module Reference Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2004: 14-210.
[27].BCM5221 Preliminary Data Sheet[EB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2001.
[28].TPS3823-33 Processor Supervisory Circuits[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2002.
[29].TPS54310 Data Sheet[EB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2002.
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