中国小麦花叶病毒侵染性克隆构建及运动蛋白的功能分析
|
摘要
中国小麦花叶病毒(Chinese wheat mosaic virus,CWMV)为真菌传杆状病毒属(genus Furovirus)的一个新成员,通常与大麦黄花叶病毒属(genus Bymovirus)的小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus, WYMV)复合侵染,引起我国山东胶东冬小麦地区发生严重的田间病害。该病毒由土壤中的禾谷多黏菌(Polymyxa graminis L.)传播,此菌在土壤中广泛分布,且抗逆性强,很难用化学药剂防治,而在生产上抗CWMV的小麦品种缺乏,急需进行抗病新种质的创新。研究CWMV致病机理,不仅为抗病种质资源的创制提供理论依据,并且丰富相关植物病毒的分子生物学知识。本研究主要内容分两部分：(1)构建CWMV侵染性cDNA克隆；(2)对CWMV RNA1编码的37K蛋白功能进行研究和分析。
根据已报道的CWMVRNA1和RNA2序列(登录号：AJ271838和AJ271839)分段设计序列引物,扩增了CWMVRNA1和RNA2的cDNA片段并进行了拼接,对拼接产物进行亚克隆,获得CWMV全长cDNA克隆。以获得的克隆质粒为模板,线性化后,利用T7RNA聚合酶进行体外转录,体外转录产物摩擦接种烟草和小麦,17℃培养,Western blot未能检测到接种的烟草或小麦植株中CWMV外壳蛋白的表达。体外转录物转染拟南芥原生质体后,17℃培养,在原生质体内可检测到微量外壳蛋白的积累,表明此侵染性克隆具有活性,但效率较差,有待于摸索条件进一步提高其侵染活力。
利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)基因融合表达系统,对CWMVRNA1编码的37K基因进行融合表达,得到预期大小的蛋白条带。对37K包涵体蛋白进行了纯化,并免疫苏格兰大白兔制备了抗血清。ELISA检测感病小麦叶片表明,此抗血清可以用于检测感病的小麦和在烟草叶片中此蛋白的表达。
瞬时表达运动缺陷型PVX载体(含p19)与构建的CWMV编码的CP、19K CRP、37K3个基因共浸润农杆菌,共聚焦和长波紫外观察只有37K能够互补运动缺陷型PVX的运动功能,并在多个细胞间运动。含35S：37K载体的农杆菌与含35S:eGFP农杆菌高倍稀释后共浸润本氏烟,发现37K能与胞间连丝(PD)作用增大胞间连丝孔径限制(SEL)。将eGFP融合37K的N端和C端,高倍稀释后,在烟草表皮细胞内进行细胞间运动。通过亚细胞定位发现37K主要定位在细胞壁边缘,并形成不规则的运动聚集体颗粒,与TMV30K和胞间连丝定位蛋白(PDLP1a)分别共定位发现37K定位在PD,质壁分离后细胞边缘的绿色荧光斑点始终留在细胞壁,而荧光聚集体颗粒在收缩细胞膜的牵引下做无规则移动,可能与细胞内膜有关,通过提取表达37K的细胞膜蛋白,进而证实聚集体为37K细胞内膜蛋白。这些实验表明,37K蛋白的定位与细胞壁和细胞膜相关。37K融合蛋白(37K:eGFP或eGFP:37K)用布雷菲尔德菌素A(BFA)、微丝抑制剂(LatB)化学试剂处理,并与无标签的Sar1[H74L]以及带尾巴的Ⅷ-1和Ⅺ-F两种肌球蛋白共表达表明,37K利用内质网到高尔基体的分泌途径和肌动球蛋白动力系统定位和运输到胞间连丝。
CWMV37K为包含两个跨膜结构域的膜蛋白,根据跨膜区结构域的氨基酸序列设计缺失掉不同的跨膜区、非跨膜区以及点突变跨膜区等一系列突变体,结果表明37K包含两个跨膜结构域的N端和C端对于互补运动缺陷型PVX进行细胞间转运都是必须的。缺失任何一个跨膜结构域导致丧失胞间连丝定位的能力,最终定位到内质网上。而同时缺失两个跨膜结构域时,导致蛋白改变了内质网的定位。同时具有两个跨膜结构域的突变体dCl能进行胞间运动,扩大PD SEL并能形成聚集体颗粒,表明完整的两个跨膜结构域对37K蛋白的运动功能起着重要作用。
进而克隆了本氏烟果胶甲基酯酶(Pectin methylesterase,PME),通过双分子荧光互补和酵母双杂交两种方法对CWMV37K与PME的互作进行了验证,明确两者主要互作在细胞壁上。利用双分子荧光互补方法,确定37K与PME的互作区域,并构建了一系列的突变体,结果发现只有缺失N端的突变体dN2(145-328aa)与PME互作,从而初步确定CWMV37K的C端对PME与37K的互作起着关键作用。
Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) is a new member of the genus Furovirus, family Virgaviridae, which causes severe damage to winter wheat in eastern Shandong province in co-infections with Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, genus Bymovirus). The virus is transmitted by the plasmodiophoraceous'fungus'Polymyxa graminis Led., which is widely distributed in the soil and has durable resting spores that cannot easily be controlled by chemicals. Current wheat varieties appear to be susceptible to CWMV and there is an urgent need to discover and introduce disease resistance. A study of the pathogenesis of CWMV not only provides theoretical guidance for disease resistance breeding, but also enriches our knowledge of the molecular biology of plant viruses. This study has two main parts:Firstly, full-length infectious cDNA clones of the CWMV genomic components were constructed based on the published sequences. Secondly, the function of the37K protein encoded by CWMV RNA1was investigated.
Primers were designed on the basis of published sequences (accession numbers AJ271838and AJ271839) to amplify fragments of CWMV RNA1and RNA2, respectively. Fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vectors and sequencing confirmed that they were correct and without a frame shift. Then, the fragments of RNA1and RNA2were ligated to construct full-length cDNA clones, respectively. T7RNA polymerase was used for in vitro transcription after linearization. In vitro transcripts were used to inoculate tobacco and wheat at17℃, but no target protein was detected by Western blot analysis. In vitro transcripts were able to replicate and pack virions when transfected to protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. This result indicates that replication of in vitro transcripts perhaps requires a low temperature (17℃), but the system lacks stability and needs further refinement.
The37K gene of CWMV RNA1was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) using the glutathione S-tranferase gene fusion vector pGEX-6P-1. The expressed protein was purified from the inclusion body, and a polyclonal antibody against37K was made in rabbit. This polyclonal antibody can be used to detect the relevant protein in CWMV-infected wheat leaves and after expression in tobacco. A Trans-complementation assay of the movement of PVX mutant (35S:PVX (P25fs)-GFP) was used to investigate the involvement of the CWMV37K gene in cell-to-cell movement. An agrobacterium strain harboring35S:PVX (P25fs)-GFP (+pl9) was diluted10,000fold and mixed (1:1) with agrobacterium harboring35S:CP,35S:19K CRP,35S:37K or35S:P25. The mixtures were co-infiltrated into leaves of N. benthamiana and GFP fluorescence was observed using confocal laser-scanning microscopy at5dpi. Only CWMV37K and P25were able to complement the cell-to-cell movement of movement-defective PVX. Other constructs appeared to be restricted to a single cell. When the plasmids containing35S:37K and35S:eGFP were co-agroinfiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves, eGFP spread between cells showing that37K enlarges the SEL. eGFP was then fused separately to the N-and C-termini of37K to construct the fusion plasmids37K-eGFP and eGFP-37K. These fusion proteins were able to move to the neighboring cells at high dilution (10,000fold). When fusion constructs were introduced to tobacco epidermal cells infiltrated with agrobacterium, GFP accumulated at cell walls in the form of punctuate spots, which may present plamodesmata (PD), and was also distributed in some irregular granule-like structures within cells. The location of the punctuate spots was confirmed by co-infiltrating separately with the PD markers TMV30K and PDLPla. Plasmolysis experiments showed that green punctuate spots were still attached to the cell wall with PDLP1a, while granule-like structures moved along the plasma membrane. These results confirmed that37K was associated with the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Using chemical drugs (BFA and LatB) and protein inhibitor (Sar1[H74L], Ⅷ-1and XI-F) treatments suggested that37K may utilize the ER-to-Golgi secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system for its intracellular transport and targeting to PD.
CWMV37K is intracellular membrane protein including two transmembrane domains predicted by the TMpred program. A series of mutations were designed based on these transmembrane domains. Mutants in which the N-terminus or C-terminus was deleted, or where either of the transmembrane domains (TM1or TM2) was disrupted or deleted could neither target to PD nor complement the cell-to-cell movement of movement-defective PVX. Expressed protein was not targeted to ER if both transmembrane domains were deleted. A mutant, dC1, which included both transmembrane domains was able to spread to neighbouring cells and form granule-like structures, and also had the ability to enlarge PD SEL. These results indicate that TMl and TM2have the ability to target ER although they could not together complete intercellular movement and target to PD, which further demonstrates that the N-terminus of37K, containing the two domains TM1and TM2, has a significant role for the function of the protein.
PME cloned from N. benthamiana leaves interacted with CWMV37K, in both BiFC (in vivo) and YTHS (in vitro) assays; the in vivo interaction occurred at the cell wall. Further experiments using BiFC to investigate the interaction between PME and some37K mutants showed that only mutant dN2(N-terminus deletion expressing145-328aa) interacted with PME, showing that the C-terminal region of37K plays a key role for its interaction with PME.
根据已报道的CWMVRNA1和RNA2序列(登录号：AJ271838和AJ271839)分段设计序列引物,扩增了CWMVRNA1和RNA2的cDNA片段并进行了拼接,对拼接产物进行亚克隆,获得CWMV全长cDNA克隆。以获得的克隆质粒为模板,线性化后,利用T7RNA聚合酶进行体外转录,体外转录产物摩擦接种烟草和小麦,17℃培养,Western blot未能检测到接种的烟草或小麦植株中CWMV外壳蛋白的表达。体外转录物转染拟南芥原生质体后,17℃培养,在原生质体内可检测到微量外壳蛋白的积累,表明此侵染性克隆具有活性,但效率较差,有待于摸索条件进一步提高其侵染活力。
利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)基因融合表达系统,对CWMVRNA1编码的37K基因进行融合表达,得到预期大小的蛋白条带。对37K包涵体蛋白进行了纯化,并免疫苏格兰大白兔制备了抗血清。ELISA检测感病小麦叶片表明,此抗血清可以用于检测感病的小麦和在烟草叶片中此蛋白的表达。
瞬时表达运动缺陷型PVX载体(含p19)与构建的CWMV编码的CP、19K CRP、37K3个基因共浸润农杆菌,共聚焦和长波紫外观察只有37K能够互补运动缺陷型PVX的运动功能,并在多个细胞间运动。含35S：37K载体的农杆菌与含35S:eGFP农杆菌高倍稀释后共浸润本氏烟,发现37K能与胞间连丝(PD)作用增大胞间连丝孔径限制(SEL)。将eGFP融合37K的N端和C端,高倍稀释后,在烟草表皮细胞内进行细胞间运动。通过亚细胞定位发现37K主要定位在细胞壁边缘,并形成不规则的运动聚集体颗粒,与TMV30K和胞间连丝定位蛋白(PDLP1a)分别共定位发现37K定位在PD,质壁分离后细胞边缘的绿色荧光斑点始终留在细胞壁,而荧光聚集体颗粒在收缩细胞膜的牵引下做无规则移动,可能与细胞内膜有关,通过提取表达37K的细胞膜蛋白,进而证实聚集体为37K细胞内膜蛋白。这些实验表明,37K蛋白的定位与细胞壁和细胞膜相关。37K融合蛋白(37K:eGFP或eGFP:37K)用布雷菲尔德菌素A(BFA)、微丝抑制剂(LatB)化学试剂处理,并与无标签的Sar1[H74L]以及带尾巴的Ⅷ-1和Ⅺ-F两种肌球蛋白共表达表明,37K利用内质网到高尔基体的分泌途径和肌动球蛋白动力系统定位和运输到胞间连丝。
CWMV37K为包含两个跨膜结构域的膜蛋白,根据跨膜区结构域的氨基酸序列设计缺失掉不同的跨膜区、非跨膜区以及点突变跨膜区等一系列突变体,结果表明37K包含两个跨膜结构域的N端和C端对于互补运动缺陷型PVX进行细胞间转运都是必须的。缺失任何一个跨膜结构域导致丧失胞间连丝定位的能力,最终定位到内质网上。而同时缺失两个跨膜结构域时,导致蛋白改变了内质网的定位。同时具有两个跨膜结构域的突变体dCl能进行胞间运动,扩大PD SEL并能形成聚集体颗粒,表明完整的两个跨膜结构域对37K蛋白的运动功能起着重要作用。
进而克隆了本氏烟果胶甲基酯酶(Pectin methylesterase,PME),通过双分子荧光互补和酵母双杂交两种方法对CWMV37K与PME的互作进行了验证,明确两者主要互作在细胞壁上。利用双分子荧光互补方法,确定37K与PME的互作区域,并构建了一系列的突变体,结果发现只有缺失N端的突变体dN2(145-328aa)与PME互作,从而初步确定CWMV37K的C端对PME与37K的互作起着关键作用。
Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) is a new member of the genus Furovirus, family Virgaviridae, which causes severe damage to winter wheat in eastern Shandong province in co-infections with Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, genus Bymovirus). The virus is transmitted by the plasmodiophoraceous'fungus'Polymyxa graminis Led., which is widely distributed in the soil and has durable resting spores that cannot easily be controlled by chemicals. Current wheat varieties appear to be susceptible to CWMV and there is an urgent need to discover and introduce disease resistance. A study of the pathogenesis of CWMV not only provides theoretical guidance for disease resistance breeding, but also enriches our knowledge of the molecular biology of plant viruses. This study has two main parts:Firstly, full-length infectious cDNA clones of the CWMV genomic components were constructed based on the published sequences. Secondly, the function of the37K protein encoded by CWMV RNA1was investigated.
Primers were designed on the basis of published sequences (accession numbers AJ271838and AJ271839) to amplify fragments of CWMV RNA1and RNA2, respectively. Fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vectors and sequencing confirmed that they were correct and without a frame shift. Then, the fragments of RNA1and RNA2were ligated to construct full-length cDNA clones, respectively. T7RNA polymerase was used for in vitro transcription after linearization. In vitro transcripts were used to inoculate tobacco and wheat at17℃, but no target protein was detected by Western blot analysis. In vitro transcripts were able to replicate and pack virions when transfected to protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. This result indicates that replication of in vitro transcripts perhaps requires a low temperature (17℃), but the system lacks stability and needs further refinement.
The37K gene of CWMV RNA1was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) using the glutathione S-tranferase gene fusion vector pGEX-6P-1. The expressed protein was purified from the inclusion body, and a polyclonal antibody against37K was made in rabbit. This polyclonal antibody can be used to detect the relevant protein in CWMV-infected wheat leaves and after expression in tobacco. A Trans-complementation assay of the movement of PVX mutant (35S:PVX (P25fs)-GFP) was used to investigate the involvement of the CWMV37K gene in cell-to-cell movement. An agrobacterium strain harboring35S:PVX (P25fs)-GFP (+pl9) was diluted10,000fold and mixed (1:1) with agrobacterium harboring35S:CP,35S:19K CRP,35S:37K or35S:P25. The mixtures were co-infiltrated into leaves of N. benthamiana and GFP fluorescence was observed using confocal laser-scanning microscopy at5dpi. Only CWMV37K and P25were able to complement the cell-to-cell movement of movement-defective PVX. Other constructs appeared to be restricted to a single cell. When the plasmids containing35S:37K and35S:eGFP were co-agroinfiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves, eGFP spread between cells showing that37K enlarges the SEL. eGFP was then fused separately to the N-and C-termini of37K to construct the fusion plasmids37K-eGFP and eGFP-37K. These fusion proteins were able to move to the neighboring cells at high dilution (10,000fold). When fusion constructs were introduced to tobacco epidermal cells infiltrated with agrobacterium, GFP accumulated at cell walls in the form of punctuate spots, which may present plamodesmata (PD), and was also distributed in some irregular granule-like structures within cells. The location of the punctuate spots was confirmed by co-infiltrating separately with the PD markers TMV30K and PDLPla. Plasmolysis experiments showed that green punctuate spots were still attached to the cell wall with PDLP1a, while granule-like structures moved along the plasma membrane. These results confirmed that37K was associated with the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Using chemical drugs (BFA and LatB) and protein inhibitor (Sar1[H74L], Ⅷ-1and XI-F) treatments suggested that37K may utilize the ER-to-Golgi secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system for its intracellular transport and targeting to PD.
CWMV37K is intracellular membrane protein including two transmembrane domains predicted by the TMpred program. A series of mutations were designed based on these transmembrane domains. Mutants in which the N-terminus or C-terminus was deleted, or where either of the transmembrane domains (TM1or TM2) was disrupted or deleted could neither target to PD nor complement the cell-to-cell movement of movement-defective PVX. Expressed protein was not targeted to ER if both transmembrane domains were deleted. A mutant, dC1, which included both transmembrane domains was able to spread to neighbouring cells and form granule-like structures, and also had the ability to enlarge PD SEL. These results indicate that TMl and TM2have the ability to target ER although they could not together complete intercellular movement and target to PD, which further demonstrates that the N-terminus of37K, containing the two domains TM1and TM2, has a significant role for the function of the protein.
PME cloned from N. benthamiana leaves interacted with CWMV37K, in both BiFC (in vivo) and YTHS (in vitro) assays; the in vivo interaction occurred at the cell wall. Further experiments using BiFC to investigate the interaction between PME and some37K mutants showed that only mutant dN2(N-terminus deletion expressing145-328aa) interacted with PME, showing that the C-terminal region of37K plays a key role for its interaction with PME.
引文
1.蔡文启,彭学贤,莽克强.1983.山东崂山地区小麦花叶病的病源鉴定-我国的土传小麦花叶病毒(SBWMV).植物病理学报13：7-11.
2.曹云鹤,原雪峰,王晓星,郭立华,蔡祝南,韩成贵,李大伟,于嘉林.2006.甜菜黑色焦枯病毒外壳蛋白与病毒致病性的关系.生物化学与生物物理进展33：127-134.
3.陈剑平.1992.大麦黄花叶病及其真菌介体禾谷多粘菌的研究进展.中国病毒学7：1-9.
4.董家红.2004.小麦黄花叶病毒侵染性cDNA克隆及细胞侵染体系的建立.博士学位论文中国农业大学.
5.廖乾生,杜志游,张华荣,吴鹏,朱丽萍,陈集双.2008.黄瓜花叶病毒辣椒分离物侵染性克隆构建.中国农业科学41：1975-1982.
6.卢雅薇,沈文涛,汤清杰,周鹏.2007.植物病毒载体系统研究进展.遗传29：29-36.
7.沃恩康,郑滔,张巧艳,陈剑平.2006.中国小麦花叶病毒运动蛋白基因的克隆及其表达.科技通报22：319-322.
8.薛朝阳,周雪平,陈青,戚益军,曹海峰,李德葆.2000.一种病毒侵染性全长cDNA克隆的快速构建方法.生物化学与生物物理学报32：270-274.
9.杨恭,刘相国,邱并生.2000.烟草花叶病毒及番茄花叶病毒弱毒疫苗N14基因组重组体的构建与侵染性的分析.科学通报45：735-740.
10.杨建平.2000.禾谷多黏菌传小麦病毒的生物学及分子生物学研究.博士学位论文浙江大学.
11.姚敏,张天奇,田志超,王源超,陶小荣.2011.农杆菌介导的CMV侵染性克隆及2b缺失突变体构建.中国农业科学44：3060-3068.
12.叶荣,郑滔,徐磊,雷娟利,陈剑平,于善谦.2000.山东烟台小麦土传病毒病由小麦黄花叶病毒和土传小麦花叶病毒相关病毒复合侵染所致.病毒学报16：80-82.
13.张巧艳,陈剑平.2005.中国小麦花叶病毒(CWMV)生物学特性初探.浙江农业学报17：155-157.
14. Abe H, Tamada T.1986. Association of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus with isolates of Polymyxa betae Keskin. Ann Phytopath Soc Jap 52:235-247.
15. Adams M J, Antoniw J, Mullins J.2001. Plant virus transmission by plasmodip-horid fungi is associated with distinctive transmembrane region of virus-encoded proteins. Arch Virol 146:1139-1154.
16. Agranovsky AA, Folimonov AS, Folimonova SY, Morozov SY, Schiemann J, Lesemann D, Atabekov JG.1998. Beet yellows closterovirus HSP70-like protein mediates the cell-to-cell movement of a potexvirus transport-deficientmutant and a hordeivirus-based chimeric virus. J Gen Virol 79:889-895.
17. Ahlquist P, French R, Janda M, Loesch-Fries LS.1984. Multicomponent RNA plant virus infection derived from cloned viral cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:7066-7070.
18. Altabekov JG, Malyshenko SI, Morozov SY, Taliansky ME, Solovyev AG, Agranovsky AA, Shapka NA.1999. Identification and study of Tobacco mosaic virus movement function by complementation tests. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Bio Sci 354:629-635.
19. Amari K, Boutant E, Hofmann C, Schmitt-Keichinger C, Fernandez-Calvino L, Didier P, Lerich A, Mutterer J, Thomas CL, Heinlein M, Me'ly Y, Maule AJ, Ritzenthaler C.2010. A family of plasmodesmal proteins with receptor-like properties for plant viral movement proteins. PLoS Pathog 6:1-10
20. An H, Melcher U, Doss P, Payton M, Guenzi AC, Verchot-Lubicz J.2003. Evidence that the 37 kDa protein of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is a virus movement protein. J Gen Virol 84:3153-3163.
21. Ashby J, Boutant E, Seemanpillai M, Sambade A, Ritzenthaler C, Heinlein M. 2006. Tobacco mosaic virus movement Protein functions as a structural microtubule-associated protein. J Virol 80:8329-8344.
22. Bahrai BZ, Sherwood JL, Sanborn MR, Keyser GC.1988. The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. J Gen Viol 69: 1317-1322.
23. Bertens P, Wellink J, Goldbach R, van Kammen A.2000. Mutational analysis of the Cowpea mosaic virus movement protein. Virology 267:199-208.
24. Boyer JC, Haenni AL.1994. Infectious transcripts and cDNA clones of RNA viruses. Virology 198:415-426.
25. BoykoV, Vander LJ, Ferrali J, Suslova E, Kwon MO, Heinlein M.2000. Cellular targets of functional and dysfunctional mutants of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein fused to green fluorescent protein. J Virol 74:11339-11346.
26. Brandner K, Sambade A, Boutant E, Didier P, Me'ly Y, Ritzenthaler C, Heinlein M.2008. Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein interacts with green fluorescent protein-tagged microtubule end-binding protein. Plant physiol 147: 611-623.
27. Brault V, Mutterer J, Scheidecker D, Simonis MT, Herrbach E,Richards K, Ziegler-Graff V.2000. Effects of point mutations in the readthrough domain of the Beet western yellow virus minor capsid protein on virus accumulation in plant and on transmission by aphids. J Viol 74:1140-1148.
28. Cao YH, Cai ZN, Ding Q, Li DW, Han CG, Yu JL, Liu Y.2002. The complete nucleotide sequence of Beet black scorch virus (BBSV), a new member of the genus Necrovirus. Arch Virol 147:2431-2435.
29. Carrington JC, Kasschau KD, Mahajan SK, Schaad MC.1996. Cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of viruses in plants. Plant cell 8:1669-1681.
30. Chen JP, Torrance L, Cowan GH, MacFarlane SA, Stubbs G, Wilson TM.1997. Monoclonal antibodies detect a single amino acid different between the coat proteins of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus isolates:Implications for virus structure. Phytopathol 87:295-301.
31. Chen JP.1993. Occurrence of fungal transmitted wheat mosaic viruses in China. Annals of Applied Bio 1123:55-61.
32. Chen MH, Sheng JS, Hind G, Handa AK, Citovsky V.2000. Interaction between the Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterases is required for viral cell-to-cell movement. EMBO J 19:913-920.
33. Chen MH, Tian GW, Gafni Y, Citovsky V.2005. Effects of calreticulin on viral cell-to-cell movement. Plant physiol 138:1866-1876.
34. Choltof H B, Scholtof K B, Jackson A O.1996. Plant virus gene vectors for transient expression of foreign proteins in plants. Annu Rev Phytopath 34: 299-323.
35. Citovsky V, Knorr D, Schuster G, Zambryski P.1990. The P30 movement protein of Tobacco mosaic virus is a singlestranded nucleic acid binding protein. Cell 60:637-647.
36. Citovsky V, Wong ML, Shaw AL, Prasad BV, Zambryski P.1992. Visualization and characterization of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein binding to single-stranded nucleic acids. Plant cell 4:397-411.
37. Citovsky V, Zambryski P.1991. How do plant virus nucleic acid move through intercelluar connections? BioEssays 13:373-379.
38. Cooper B, Schmitz I, Rao AL, Beachy RN, Dodds JA.1996. Cell-to-cell transport of movement-defective Cucumber mosaic virus in transgenic plants expressing heterologous movement protein genes. J Virol 216:208-213.
39. Cress DE, Kiefer MC, Owens RA.1983. Construction of infectious Potato spindle tuber viroid cDNA clones. Nucleic Acids Res 11:6821-6835.
40. Cui X, Wei T, Chowda-Reddy RV, Sun G, Wang A.2010. The Tobacco etch virus P3 protein forms mobile inclusions via the early secretory pathway and traffics along actin microfilaments. Virology 397:56-63.
41. Curin M, Ojangu EL, Trutnyeva K, Ilau B, Truve E, Waigmann E.2007. MPB2C, a microtubule-associated plant factor, is required for microtubular accumulation of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein inplants. Plant physiol 143:801-811.
42. Daglass EM, Shintaku MH, Nelson RS, Foster GD.1997. A CaMV 35S promoter driven cDNA clone of Tobacco mosaic virus can infect host plant tissue despite being uninfectious when manually inoculated onto leaves. Arch Virol 142:183-191.
43. Dawson WO, Beck DL, Knorr DA, Grantham GL.1986. cDNA cloning of the complete genome of Tobacco mosaic virus and production of infectious transcripts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1832-1836.
44. Diao AP, Chen JP, Gitton F, Antoniw JF, Mullins J, Hall AM, Adams MJ.1999. Sequence of European wheat mosaic virus and Oat golden stripe virus and genome analysis of the genus Furovirus. Virology 261:331-339.
45. Diao Ap, Chen JP, Ye R, Zheng T, Yu SQ, Antoniw JF, Adams MJ.1999. Complete sequence and genome properties of Chinese wheat mosaic virus, a new furovirus from China. J Gen Virol 80:1141-1145.
46. Ding B, Kwon MO, Warnberg L.1996. Evidence that actin filaments are involved in controlling the permeability of plasmodesmata in tobacco mesophyll. Plant J 10:157-164.
47. Dorokhov YL, Makinen K, Frolova OY.1999. A novel function for a ubiquitous plant enzyme pectin methylesterase:the host-cell receptor for the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. FEBS Lett 461:223-228.
48. Dzianott AM, Bujarski JJ.1989. Derivation of an infectious viral RNA by autolytic cleavage of in vitro transcribed viral cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:4823-4827.
49. Eggen R, Verver J, Wellink J, De Jong A, Goldbach R, van Kammen A.1989. Improvements of the infectivity of in vitro transcripts from cloned Cowpea mosaic virus cDNA:impact of terminal nucleotide sequences. Virology 173: 447-455.
50. Flatken S, Ungewickell V, Menzel W, Maiss E.2008. Construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of Potato virus M. Arch Virol 153: 1385-1389.
51. Foth BJ, Goedecke MC, Soldati D.2006. New insights into myosin evolution and classification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:3681-3686.
52. Fridborg I, Grainger J, Page A, Coleman M, Findlay K, Angell S.2003. TIP, a novel host factor linking callose degradation with the cell-to-cell movement of potato virus X. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:132-140.
53. Fujiki M, KawakamiS, Kim RW, Beachy RN.2006. Domains of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein essential for its membrane association. J Gen Virol 87:2699-2707.
54. Gal-On A, Antignus Y, Rosner A, Raccah B.1991. Infectious in vitro RNA transcripts derived from cloned cDNA of the cucurbit potyvirus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 72:2639-2643.
55. Gasanova TV, Skurat EV, Frolova OY, Semashko MA, Dorokhov YL.2008. Pectin methylesterase as a factor of plant transcriptome stability. Mol Bio 42: 421-429.
56. Gulati-Sakhuja A, Liu HY.2011. Infectious full-length clones of Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV). JAntivir Antiretrovir 3:1-7.
57. Han CG, Li DW, Wang DY, Yang LL, Yu JL, Cai ZN, Liu Y.2002. Functional analysis of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA4 in fungal transmission. Chin Sci Bull 47:1281-1284.
58. Harries PA, Schoelz JE, Nelson RS.2010. Intracellular transport of viruses and their components:utilizing the cytoskeleton and membrane highways. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 23:1381-1393.
59. Hayes RT, Buck KW.1990. Infectious Cucumner mosaic virus RNA transcribed in vitro from clones obtained from cDNA amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. J Gen Virol 71:2503-2508.
60. Hehn A, Bouzoubaa S, Bate N, Twell D, Marbach J, Richards K, Guilley H, Jonard G.1995. The small cysteine-rich protein P14 of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus regulates accumulation of RNA2 in cis and coat protein in trans. Virology 210:73-81.
61. Heinlein M, Epel BL, Padgett HS, Beachy RN.1995. Hiteraction of Tobamovirus movement proteins with the plant cytoskeleton. Science 270: 1983-1985.
62. Heinlein M, Padgett HS, Gens JS, Pickard BC, Casper SJ, Epel BL, Beachy RN. 1998. Changing patterns of localization of the Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and replicase to the endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules during infection. Plant Cell 10:1107-1120.
63. Huang YW, Geng YF, Ying XB, Chen XY, Fang RX.2005. Identification of a movement protein of Rice yellow stunt rhabdovirus. J Virol 79:2108-2114.
64. Joshi A, Jeang K.1993. Reduction in growth temperature minimizes instability of large plasmids containing HIV-1 proviral genomes. BioTechniques 14: 880-886.
65. Kahn TW, Lapidot M, Heinlein M, Reichel C, Cooper B, Beachy RN.1998. Domains of the TMV movement protein involved in subcelluar localization. Plant J 15:15-25.
66. Kanno T, Inoue T, Mackay D, Kitching P, Yamaguchi S, Shirai J.1998. Viruses produced from complementary DNA of virulent and avirulent strains of Swine vesicular disease virus retain the in vivo and in vitro characteristics of the parental strain. Arch Virol 143:1055-1062.
67. Kasteel DT, Perbal MC, Boyer JC, Wellink J, Goldbach RW, Maule AJ, VanLent JW.1996. The movement proteins of Cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus induce tubular structures in plant and insect cells. J Gen Virol 77:2857-2864.
68. Kim KS, Lee KW.1992. Geminivirus-induced macrotubules and their suggested role in cell-to-cell movement. Phytopathol 82:664-669.
69. KiumpWM, Muller BC.1990. Complete nucleotide sequence of infectious coxsackie virus B3 cDNA:Two initial 5 urdine residues are regained during plus-strand RNA synthesis. J Virol 64:1573-1583.
70. Koenig R, Beier C, Commandeur U, Luth U, Kaufmann A, Luddecke P.1996. Beet soil-borne virus RNA 3-a further example of heterogeneity of the gene content of Furovirus genomes and of triple gene block-carrying RNAs. Virology 216:202-207.
71. Koonin EV, Dolja VV.1993. Evolution and taxonomy of positive-strand RNA viruses:implications of comparative analysis of amino acid sequences. Crit Rev in Biochem Mol Biol 28:375-430.
72. Kragler F, Curin M, Trutnyeva K, Gansch A, Waigmann E.2003. MPB2C, a microtubule-associated plant protein binds to and interferes with cell-to-cell transport of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. Plant physio 132: 1870-1883.
73. Kumagai MH, Turpen TH, Weinzettl N, Cioppa GD, Turpen AM, Donson J, Hiff ME, Grantham GL, Dawson WO, Chow TP.1993. Rapid, high level expression of biologically active α-trichosanthin in transfected plants by an RNA viral vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:427-430.
74. Laporte C, Vetter G, Loudes AM, Robinson DG, Hillmer S, Stussi-Garaud C, Ritzenthaler C.2003. Involvement of the secretory pathway and the cytoskeleton in intracellular targeting and tubule assembly of Grapevine fanleaf virus movement protein in tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Cell 15:2058-2075.
75. Lazarowitz SG, Beachy RN.1999. Viral movement proteins as probes for intracellular and intercellular trafficking in plants. Plant cell 11:535-548.
76. Lewandowskia DJ, Adkins S.2005. The tubule-forming NSm protein from Tomato spotted wilt virus complements cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of Tobacco mosaic virus hybrids. Virology 342:26-37.
77. Li Y, Bao YM, Wei CH, Kang ZS, Zhong YW, Mao P, Wu G, Chen ZL, Schiemann J, Nelson RS.2004. Rice dwarf phytoreovirus segment S6-encoded nonstructural protein has a cell-to-cell movement protein. J Virol 78:5382-5389.
78. Lindbo JA.2007. High-efficiency protein expression in plants from agroinfection-compatible Tobacco mosaic virus expression vectors. BMC Biotechnology 7:52.
79. Liu JZ, Blancaflor EB, Nelson RS.2005. The Tobacco mosaic virus 126-kilodalton protein, a constituent of the virus replication complex, alone or within the complex aligns with and traffics along micro filaments. Plant physiol 138:1853-1865.
80. Lopez-Moya JJ, Garcia JA.2000. Construction of a stable and highly infectious intron-containing cDNA clone of Plum pox potyvirus and its use to infect plants by particle bombardment. Virus Res 68:99-107.
81. Lucas WJ.2006. Plant viral movement proteins:agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes. Virology 344:169-184.
82. Marillonnet S, Thoeringer C, Kandzia R.2005. Systemic Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfection of viral replicons for efficient transient expression in plants. Nat Biotechnol 23:718-723.
83. Melcher U.1990. Similarities between putative transport proteins of plant viruses. J Gen Virol 71:1009-1018.
84. Melcher U.2000. The'30K'superfamily of viral movement proteins. J Gen Virol 81:257-266.
85. Meyer M, Dessens JT.1997.35s promoter-driven cDNAs of Barley mild mosaic virus RNA1 and RNA2 are infectious on barley plants. J Gen Virol 78: 3147-3151.
86. Morozov SYu, Fedorkin ON, Juttner G, Schiemann J, Baulcombe DC, Atabekov JV.1997. Complementation of a Potato virus X mutant mediated by bombardment of plant tissues with cloned viral movement protein genes. J Gen Virol 78:2077-2083.
87. Mutterer JD, Stussi-Garauch C, Michler P, Richards KE, Jonard G, Ziegler-Graff V.1999. Role of the Beet western yellow rice virus read-through protein in virus movement in Nicotiana clerelanid. J Gen Viol 80:2771-2778.
88. Mas P, Beachy RN.2000. Role of microtubules in the intracellular distribution of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12345-12349.
89. MasP, Beachy RN.1999. Replication of Tobacco mosaic virus on endoplasmic reticulum and role of the cytoskeleton and virus movement in intracellular distribution of viralRNA. Cell Biol 147:945-958.
90. Nagano H, Mise K, Okuno T, Furusawa I.1999. The cognate coat protein is required for cell-to-cell movement of a chimeric Brome mosaic virus mediated by the cucumber mosaic virus movement protein. J Virol 265:226-234.
91. Nagano H, Mise K, Furusawa I, Okuno T.2001. Coversion in the requirement of coat protein in cell-to-cell movement mediated by the Cucumber mosaic virus movement protein. Virology 75:8045-8053.
92. Nairn CJ, Lewandowski DJ, Burns JK.1998. Genetics and expression of two pectinesterase genes in Valencia orange. Plant Physiol 102:226-235.
93. Nebenfuhr A, Ritzenthaler C, Robinson DG.2002. Brefeldin A:deciphering an enigmatic inhibitor of secretion. Plant Physiol 3:1102-1108.
94. Ohsato S, Miyanishi M, Shirako Y.2003. The optimal temperature for RNA replication in cells infected by Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is 17℃. J Gen Virol 84:995-1000.
95. Oparka KJ, Prior DA, Santa Cruz S, Padgett HS, Beachy RN.1997. Gating of epidermal plasmodesmata is restricted to the leading edge of expanding infection sites of Tobacco mosaic virus. Plant J 12:781-789.
96. Osman TAM, Buck KW.1991. Detection of the movement protein of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus in a cell wall fraction from infected Nicotiana clevelandii plants. J Gen Virol 72:2853-2856.
97. Osman TAM, ThOmmes P, Buck KW.1993. Localization of a single-stranded RNA-binding domain in the movement protein of Red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus. J Gen Virol 74:2453-2457.
98. Padgett HS, Epel BL, Kahn TW, Heinlein M, Watanabe Y, Beachy RN.1996. Distribution of Tobamovirus movement Protein in infected cells and implications for cell-to-cell spread of infection. Plant J 10:1079-1088.
99. Pouwels J, Van der Krogt GN, Van Lent J, Bisseling T, Wellink J.2002. The cytoskeleton and the secretory pathway are not involved in targeting the Cowpea mosaic virus movement protein to the cell periphery. Virology 297:48-56.
100. RacanielloV R, Baltimore B.1981. Cloned Poliovirus complementary DNA is infectious cells. Science 214:916-919.
101. Raghupathy MB, Griffiths JS, Stobbs LW, Brown DCW, Brandle JE, Wang A. 2006. Transfection of Arabidopsisprotoplasts with a Plum pox virus (PPV) infectious clone for studying early molecular events associated with PPV infection. J Virol Methods 136:147-153.
102. Ratcliff F, Martin-Hernandez AM, Baulcombe DC.2001. Tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing. Plant J 25:237-245.
103. Reichel C, Beachy RN.1998. Tobacco mosaic virus infection induces severe morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:11169-11174.
104. Riechmann JL, Lain S, Garcia JA.1990. Infectious in vitro transcripts from a Plum pox potyvirus cDNA clone. Virology 177:710-716.
105. Ritzenthaler C.2011. Parallels and distinctions in the direct cell-to-cell spread of the plant and animal viruses. Currt opin virol 1:403-409.
106. Rizzo TM, Palukaitis P.1990. Construction of full-length cDNA clones of Cucumber mosaic virus RNAs 1,2 and 3:generation of infectious RNA transcripts. Mol Gen Genet 222:249-256.
107. Robinson DG, Herranz J, Bubeck R, Pepperkok R, Ritzenthaler C.2007. Membrane dynamics in the early secretory pathway. Crit Rev Plant Sci 2: 199-225.
108. Ruggenthaler P, Fichtenbauer D, Krasensky J, Jonak C, Waigmann E.2009. Microtubule-associated protein AtMPB2C plays a role in organization of cortical microtubules, stomata patterning, and Tobamovirus infectivity. Plant Physiol 149:1354-1365.
109. Ryabov EV, Rovberts IM, Palukaitis P, Taliansky M.1999. Host-specific cell-to-cell and long-distance movements of Cucumber mosaic virus are facilitat ed by the movement protein of Groundnut rosette virus. J Virol 260:98-108.
110. Ryu SY, Hong JS, Rhee SJ, Lee GP.2012. Brief report:genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea. Virus Gene 44:345-348.
111. Sambade A, Branddner K, Hofmann C, Seemanpillai M, Mutterer J, Heinlein M. 2008. Transport of TMV movement protein particles associated with the targeting of RNA to plasmodesmata. Blackwell Munksgaard 9:2073-2088.
112. Sambrook J, Russell DW.2001. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins. Molecular cloning:A laboratory mannual. Cold Sprng Harbor Laboratory Press 3,3rd edition.
113. Santa CS, Roberts A G, Prior DAM, Chapman S, Oparka KJ.1998. Cell-to-cell and phloem-mediated transport of Potato virus X:the role of virions. Plant Cell 10:495-510.
114. Sarnow P.1989. Role of 3-end sequences in infectivity of Poliovirus transcripts made in vitro. J Virol 63:467-470.
115. Satoh H, Matsuda H, Kawamura T, Isogai M, Yoshikawa N, Takahashi T.2000. Intracellular distribution, cell-to-cell trafficking and tubule inducing activity of the 50 kDa movement protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus fused to green fluorescent protein. J Gen Virol 81:2085-2093.
116. Schein CH, Noteborn MHM.1998. Formation of soluble recombinant proteins in Escherichia Coli is favored by lower growth temperature. Nat Biotechnol 6: 291-294.
117. Scholthof HB.2005. Plant virus transport:motions of functional equivalence. Trends Plant Sci 10:376-382.
118. Shirako Y, Wilson TMA.1993. Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the bipartite RNA genome of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. Virology 195(1): 16-32.
119. Smith DB, Davern KM, Board PG, Tiu WU, Garcia EG, Mitchell GF.1986. Mr 26,000 antigen of Schistosoma japonicum recognized by resistant WEHI 129/J mice is a parasite glutathione S-transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 8703-8707.
120. Soellick TR, Uhrig JF, Bucher GL, Kellmann JW, Schreier PH.2000. The movement protein NSm of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV):RNA binding, interaction with the TSWV N protein, and identification of interacting plant proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:2373-2378.
121. Studier FW.1991. Use of bacteriophage T7 lysozyme to improve an inducible T7 expression system. JMol Biol 219:37-44.
122. Su SZ, Liu ZH, Chen C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Miao L, Wang XC, Yuan M. 2010. Cucumber mosaic virus movement protein severs actin filaments to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit in Tobacco. Plant Cell 22: 1373-1387.
123. Sumiyoshi H, Hoke CH, Trent DW.1992. Infectious Japanese encephalitis virus RNA can be synthesized from in vitro-ligated cDNA templates. J Virol 66:5425-5431.
124. Tamada T, Schmitt C, Saito M, Guilley H, Richards K, Jonard G.1996. High resolution analysis of the readthrough domain of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus readthrough protein:a KTER motif is important for efficient transmission of the virus by Polymyxa betae. J Gen Virol 77:1359-1367.
125. Tamada T. Kusume T.1991. Evidence that the 75K readthrough protein of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-2 is essential for transmission by the fungus Polymyxa betae. J Gen Virol 72:1497-1504.
126. Taniguchi T, Palmieri M, Weissmann C.1978. Qβ DNA2 containing hybrid plasmids giving rise to Q(3 phage formation in the bacterial host. Nature 274: 223-228.
127. Taniguchi T.1978. A method for constructing a generalized lyapunov function for power systems. Electr Eng Jpn 98:92-98.
128. Te J, Melche U, Howard A, VerchotLubicz J.2005. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) 19K protein belongs to a class of cysteine rich proteins that suppress RNA silencing. J Virol 2:18.
129. Thomas CL, Bayer EM, Ritzenthaler C, Fernandez-Calvino L, Maule AJ.2008. Specific targeting of a plasmodesmal protein affecting cell-to-cell communication. PLoS Biology 6:180-190.
130. Timpe U, Kuhne T.1995. In vitro transcripts of a full-length cDNA of a naturally deleted RNA2 of Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) replicate in BaMMV-infected plants. J Gen Virol 76:2619-2623.
131. Tominaga M, Nakano A.2012. Plant-specific myosin XI, a molecular perspective. Front Plant Sci 3:1-11.
132. Tzfira T, Rhee Y, Chen MH, Kunik T, Citovsky V.2000. Nucleic acid transport in plant-microbe interactions:the molecules that walk through the walls. Annu Rev Microbiol 54:187-219.
133. Ueki S, Spektor R, Natale DM, Citovsky V.2010. ANK, a host cytoplasmic receptor for the Tobacco mosaic virus cell-to-cell movement protein, facilitates intercellular transport through plasmodesmata. PLoS Pathog 6:1-13.
134. Vale RD.2003. The molecular motor toolbox for intracellular transport. Cell 112:467-480.
135. Vancanneyt G, Schmidt R, O Connor-Sanchez A, Willmitzer L, Rocha-Sosa M. 1990. Construction of an intron-containing marker gene:splicing of the intron in transgenic plants and its use in monitoring early events in Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation. Mol Gen Genet 220:245-250.
136. Verchot-Lubicz J, Ye CM, Bamunusinghe D.2007. Molecular biology of potexviruses:recent advances. J Gen Virol 88:1643-1655.
137. Viru L, Heller G, Lehto T, Parn K, El Andaloussi S, LangeU, Merits A.2011. Novel viral vectors utilizing intron splice-switching to activate genome rescue, expression and replication in targeted cells. Virol J 8:243.
138. Voller A, Bartlett A, Bidwell DE, Clark MF, Adams AN.1976. The detection of viruses by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). J Gen Virol 33: 165-167.
139. von Bargen, Salchert SK, Paape M, Piechulla B. Kellmann JW.2001. Interactions between the Tomato spotted wilt virus movement protein and plant proteins showing homologies to myosin, kinesin and DnaJ-like chaperones. Plant Physiol Biochem 39:1083-1093.
140. Waigmann E, Chen MH, Bachmaier R, Goshroy S, Citovsky V.2000. Regulation of plasmodesmal transport by phosphorylation of the Tobacco mosaic virus cell-to-cell movement protein. EMBO J 19:4875-4884.
141. White RG, Barton DA.2011. The cytoskeleton in plasmodesmata:a role in intercellular transport? JExp Bot 62:5249-5266.
142. Winter N, Kollwig G, Zhang SD, Kragler F.2007. MPB2C, a microtubule-associated protein, regulates non-cell-autonomy of the homeodomain protein KNOTTED1. Plant cell 19:3001-3018.
143. Wolf S, Deom CM, Beachy RN, Lucas WJ.1989. Movement protein of Tobacco mosaic virus modifies plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit. Science 246:377-379.
144. Wright KM, Wood NT, Roberts AG, Chapman S, Boevink P, MacKenzie KM, Oparka KJ.2007. Targeting of TMV movement protein to plasmodesmata requires the actin/ER network: evidence from FRAP. Traffic 8:21-31.
145. Xiong RY, Wu JX, Zhou YJ, Zhou XP.2008. Identification of a movement protein of the Tenuivirus rice stripe virus. J Virol 82:12304-12311.
146. Xiong Z, Kim KH, Giesman-Cookmeyer D. Lommel SA.1993. The roles of the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus capsid and cell-to-cell movement proteins in systemic infection. Virology 192:27-32.
147. Xu L, Chen JP, Ye R, ZhaoXY, Yu SQ.2002. Cloning and expression of the Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2 coat protein readthrough and 19 ku cysteinerich domains and localization of these proteins. Chinese Science Bulletin 47:1019-1023
148. Xue CY, Zhou XP, Chen Q, Qi YJ, Cao HF, Li DB.2000. Rapid construction of full length cDNA clones of Tobacco mosaic virus and the infectivity assay of its in vitro transcript. Acta Bioch Bioph Sin 32:270-274.
149. Yamamiya A, Shirako Y.2000. Construction of full-length cDNA clones to Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus RNA1 and RNA2, from which infectious RNAs are transcribed in vitro:virion formation and systemic infection without expression of the N-terminal and C-terminal extensions to the capsid protein. Virol J 277:66-75.
150. Yamshchikov V, M ishin V, Cominelli F.2001. A new strategy in design of (+) RNA virus infectious clones enabling their stable propagation in E.coli. Virology 281:272-280.
151. Yang G, Liu XG, Qiu BS.2000. Construction of TMV or ToMV attenuated bacteria genomic recombinants and their infectivity assay. Chin Sci Bull 45: 735-740.
152. Yang J, Chen J, Chen J, Jiang H, Zhao Q, Adams MJ.2001. Sequence of a second isolate of Chinese wheat mosaic Furovirus. J Phytopathol 149:135-140.
153. Ye R, Xu L, Gao ZZ, Yang JP, Chen J, Chen JP, Adams MJ, Yu SQ.2000. Use of monoclonal antibodies for the serological differentiation of wheat and oat furovirus. J Phytopathol 148:257-262.
154. Ye R, Zheng T, Chen J, Diao A, Adams MJ, Yu S, Antoniw JF.1999. Characteri- zation and partial sequence of a new Furovirus of wheat in China. Plant Pathol 48:379-387.
155. Yuan ZJ, Chen HY, Chen Q, Omura T, Xie LH, Wu ZJ, Wei TY.2011. The early secretory pathway and an actin-myosin VIII motility system are required for plasmodesmatal localization of the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus. Virus Res 159:62-68.
156. Zhang C, Machray GC, Cruz SS, Wilson TMA.2005. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) 37 kDa protein rescues cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of an immobile Tobacco mosaic virus mutant in Nicotiana benthamiana, a non-host of SBWMV. J Phytopathol 153:5-10.
2.曹云鹤,原雪峰,王晓星,郭立华,蔡祝南,韩成贵,李大伟,于嘉林.2006.甜菜黑色焦枯病毒外壳蛋白与病毒致病性的关系.生物化学与生物物理进展33：127-134.
3.陈剑平.1992.大麦黄花叶病及其真菌介体禾谷多粘菌的研究进展.中国病毒学7：1-9.
4.董家红.2004.小麦黄花叶病毒侵染性cDNA克隆及细胞侵染体系的建立.博士学位论文中国农业大学.
5.廖乾生,杜志游,张华荣,吴鹏,朱丽萍,陈集双.2008.黄瓜花叶病毒辣椒分离物侵染性克隆构建.中国农业科学41：1975-1982.
6.卢雅薇,沈文涛,汤清杰,周鹏.2007.植物病毒载体系统研究进展.遗传29：29-36.
7.沃恩康,郑滔,张巧艳,陈剑平.2006.中国小麦花叶病毒运动蛋白基因的克隆及其表达.科技通报22：319-322.
8.薛朝阳,周雪平,陈青,戚益军,曹海峰,李德葆.2000.一种病毒侵染性全长cDNA克隆的快速构建方法.生物化学与生物物理学报32：270-274.
9.杨恭,刘相国,邱并生.2000.烟草花叶病毒及番茄花叶病毒弱毒疫苗N14基因组重组体的构建与侵染性的分析.科学通报45：735-740.
10.杨建平.2000.禾谷多黏菌传小麦病毒的生物学及分子生物学研究.博士学位论文浙江大学.
11.姚敏,张天奇,田志超,王源超,陶小荣.2011.农杆菌介导的CMV侵染性克隆及2b缺失突变体构建.中国农业科学44：3060-3068.
12.叶荣,郑滔,徐磊,雷娟利,陈剑平,于善谦.2000.山东烟台小麦土传病毒病由小麦黄花叶病毒和土传小麦花叶病毒相关病毒复合侵染所致.病毒学报16：80-82.
13.张巧艳,陈剑平.2005.中国小麦花叶病毒(CWMV)生物学特性初探.浙江农业学报17：155-157.
14. Abe H, Tamada T.1986. Association of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus with isolates of Polymyxa betae Keskin. Ann Phytopath Soc Jap 52:235-247.
15. Adams M J, Antoniw J, Mullins J.2001. Plant virus transmission by plasmodip-horid fungi is associated with distinctive transmembrane region of virus-encoded proteins. Arch Virol 146:1139-1154.
16. Agranovsky AA, Folimonov AS, Folimonova SY, Morozov SY, Schiemann J, Lesemann D, Atabekov JG.1998. Beet yellows closterovirus HSP70-like protein mediates the cell-to-cell movement of a potexvirus transport-deficientmutant and a hordeivirus-based chimeric virus. J Gen Virol 79:889-895.
17. Ahlquist P, French R, Janda M, Loesch-Fries LS.1984. Multicomponent RNA plant virus infection derived from cloned viral cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:7066-7070.
18. Altabekov JG, Malyshenko SI, Morozov SY, Taliansky ME, Solovyev AG, Agranovsky AA, Shapka NA.1999. Identification and study of Tobacco mosaic virus movement function by complementation tests. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Bio Sci 354:629-635.
19. Amari K, Boutant E, Hofmann C, Schmitt-Keichinger C, Fernandez-Calvino L, Didier P, Lerich A, Mutterer J, Thomas CL, Heinlein M, Me'ly Y, Maule AJ, Ritzenthaler C.2010. A family of plasmodesmal proteins with receptor-like properties for plant viral movement proteins. PLoS Pathog 6:1-10
20. An H, Melcher U, Doss P, Payton M, Guenzi AC, Verchot-Lubicz J.2003. Evidence that the 37 kDa protein of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is a virus movement protein. J Gen Virol 84:3153-3163.
21. Ashby J, Boutant E, Seemanpillai M, Sambade A, Ritzenthaler C, Heinlein M. 2006. Tobacco mosaic virus movement Protein functions as a structural microtubule-associated protein. J Virol 80:8329-8344.
22. Bahrai BZ, Sherwood JL, Sanborn MR, Keyser GC.1988. The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. J Gen Viol 69: 1317-1322.
23. Bertens P, Wellink J, Goldbach R, van Kammen A.2000. Mutational analysis of the Cowpea mosaic virus movement protein. Virology 267:199-208.
24. Boyer JC, Haenni AL.1994. Infectious transcripts and cDNA clones of RNA viruses. Virology 198:415-426.
25. BoykoV, Vander LJ, Ferrali J, Suslova E, Kwon MO, Heinlein M.2000. Cellular targets of functional and dysfunctional mutants of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein fused to green fluorescent protein. J Virol 74:11339-11346.
26. Brandner K, Sambade A, Boutant E, Didier P, Me'ly Y, Ritzenthaler C, Heinlein M.2008. Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein interacts with green fluorescent protein-tagged microtubule end-binding protein. Plant physiol 147: 611-623.
27. Brault V, Mutterer J, Scheidecker D, Simonis MT, Herrbach E,Richards K, Ziegler-Graff V.2000. Effects of point mutations in the readthrough domain of the Beet western yellow virus minor capsid protein on virus accumulation in plant and on transmission by aphids. J Viol 74:1140-1148.
28. Cao YH, Cai ZN, Ding Q, Li DW, Han CG, Yu JL, Liu Y.2002. The complete nucleotide sequence of Beet black scorch virus (BBSV), a new member of the genus Necrovirus. Arch Virol 147:2431-2435.
29. Carrington JC, Kasschau KD, Mahajan SK, Schaad MC.1996. Cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of viruses in plants. Plant cell 8:1669-1681.
30. Chen JP, Torrance L, Cowan GH, MacFarlane SA, Stubbs G, Wilson TM.1997. Monoclonal antibodies detect a single amino acid different between the coat proteins of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus isolates:Implications for virus structure. Phytopathol 87:295-301.
31. Chen JP.1993. Occurrence of fungal transmitted wheat mosaic viruses in China. Annals of Applied Bio 1123:55-61.
32. Chen MH, Sheng JS, Hind G, Handa AK, Citovsky V.2000. Interaction between the Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterases is required for viral cell-to-cell movement. EMBO J 19:913-920.
33. Chen MH, Tian GW, Gafni Y, Citovsky V.2005. Effects of calreticulin on viral cell-to-cell movement. Plant physiol 138:1866-1876.
34. Choltof H B, Scholtof K B, Jackson A O.1996. Plant virus gene vectors for transient expression of foreign proteins in plants. Annu Rev Phytopath 34: 299-323.
35. Citovsky V, Knorr D, Schuster G, Zambryski P.1990. The P30 movement protein of Tobacco mosaic virus is a singlestranded nucleic acid binding protein. Cell 60:637-647.
36. Citovsky V, Wong ML, Shaw AL, Prasad BV, Zambryski P.1992. Visualization and characterization of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein binding to single-stranded nucleic acids. Plant cell 4:397-411.
37. Citovsky V, Zambryski P.1991. How do plant virus nucleic acid move through intercelluar connections? BioEssays 13:373-379.
38. Cooper B, Schmitz I, Rao AL, Beachy RN, Dodds JA.1996. Cell-to-cell transport of movement-defective Cucumber mosaic virus in transgenic plants expressing heterologous movement protein genes. J Virol 216:208-213.
39. Cress DE, Kiefer MC, Owens RA.1983. Construction of infectious Potato spindle tuber viroid cDNA clones. Nucleic Acids Res 11:6821-6835.
40. Cui X, Wei T, Chowda-Reddy RV, Sun G, Wang A.2010. The Tobacco etch virus P3 protein forms mobile inclusions via the early secretory pathway and traffics along actin microfilaments. Virology 397:56-63.
41. Curin M, Ojangu EL, Trutnyeva K, Ilau B, Truve E, Waigmann E.2007. MPB2C, a microtubule-associated plant factor, is required for microtubular accumulation of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein inplants. Plant physiol 143:801-811.
42. Daglass EM, Shintaku MH, Nelson RS, Foster GD.1997. A CaMV 35S promoter driven cDNA clone of Tobacco mosaic virus can infect host plant tissue despite being uninfectious when manually inoculated onto leaves. Arch Virol 142:183-191.
43. Dawson WO, Beck DL, Knorr DA, Grantham GL.1986. cDNA cloning of the complete genome of Tobacco mosaic virus and production of infectious transcripts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1832-1836.
44. Diao AP, Chen JP, Gitton F, Antoniw JF, Mullins J, Hall AM, Adams MJ.1999. Sequence of European wheat mosaic virus and Oat golden stripe virus and genome analysis of the genus Furovirus. Virology 261:331-339.
45. Diao Ap, Chen JP, Ye R, Zheng T, Yu SQ, Antoniw JF, Adams MJ.1999. Complete sequence and genome properties of Chinese wheat mosaic virus, a new furovirus from China. J Gen Virol 80:1141-1145.
46. Ding B, Kwon MO, Warnberg L.1996. Evidence that actin filaments are involved in controlling the permeability of plasmodesmata in tobacco mesophyll. Plant J 10:157-164.
47. Dorokhov YL, Makinen K, Frolova OY.1999. A novel function for a ubiquitous plant enzyme pectin methylesterase:the host-cell receptor for the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. FEBS Lett 461:223-228.
48. Dzianott AM, Bujarski JJ.1989. Derivation of an infectious viral RNA by autolytic cleavage of in vitro transcribed viral cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:4823-4827.
49. Eggen R, Verver J, Wellink J, De Jong A, Goldbach R, van Kammen A.1989. Improvements of the infectivity of in vitro transcripts from cloned Cowpea mosaic virus cDNA:impact of terminal nucleotide sequences. Virology 173: 447-455.
50. Flatken S, Ungewickell V, Menzel W, Maiss E.2008. Construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of Potato virus M. Arch Virol 153: 1385-1389.
51. Foth BJ, Goedecke MC, Soldati D.2006. New insights into myosin evolution and classification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:3681-3686.
52. Fridborg I, Grainger J, Page A, Coleman M, Findlay K, Angell S.2003. TIP, a novel host factor linking callose degradation with the cell-to-cell movement of potato virus X. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:132-140.
53. Fujiki M, KawakamiS, Kim RW, Beachy RN.2006. Domains of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein essential for its membrane association. J Gen Virol 87:2699-2707.
54. Gal-On A, Antignus Y, Rosner A, Raccah B.1991. Infectious in vitro RNA transcripts derived from cloned cDNA of the cucurbit potyvirus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 72:2639-2643.
55. Gasanova TV, Skurat EV, Frolova OY, Semashko MA, Dorokhov YL.2008. Pectin methylesterase as a factor of plant transcriptome stability. Mol Bio 42: 421-429.
56. Gulati-Sakhuja A, Liu HY.2011. Infectious full-length clones of Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV). JAntivir Antiretrovir 3:1-7.
57. Han CG, Li DW, Wang DY, Yang LL, Yu JL, Cai ZN, Liu Y.2002. Functional analysis of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA4 in fungal transmission. Chin Sci Bull 47:1281-1284.
58. Harries PA, Schoelz JE, Nelson RS.2010. Intracellular transport of viruses and their components:utilizing the cytoskeleton and membrane highways. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 23:1381-1393.
59. Hayes RT, Buck KW.1990. Infectious Cucumner mosaic virus RNA transcribed in vitro from clones obtained from cDNA amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. J Gen Virol 71:2503-2508.
60. Hehn A, Bouzoubaa S, Bate N, Twell D, Marbach J, Richards K, Guilley H, Jonard G.1995. The small cysteine-rich protein P14 of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus regulates accumulation of RNA2 in cis and coat protein in trans. Virology 210:73-81.
61. Heinlein M, Epel BL, Padgett HS, Beachy RN.1995. Hiteraction of Tobamovirus movement proteins with the plant cytoskeleton. Science 270: 1983-1985.
62. Heinlein M, Padgett HS, Gens JS, Pickard BC, Casper SJ, Epel BL, Beachy RN. 1998. Changing patterns of localization of the Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and replicase to the endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules during infection. Plant Cell 10:1107-1120.
63. Huang YW, Geng YF, Ying XB, Chen XY, Fang RX.2005. Identification of a movement protein of Rice yellow stunt rhabdovirus. J Virol 79:2108-2114.
64. Joshi A, Jeang K.1993. Reduction in growth temperature minimizes instability of large plasmids containing HIV-1 proviral genomes. BioTechniques 14: 880-886.
65. Kahn TW, Lapidot M, Heinlein M, Reichel C, Cooper B, Beachy RN.1998. Domains of the TMV movement protein involved in subcelluar localization. Plant J 15:15-25.
66. Kanno T, Inoue T, Mackay D, Kitching P, Yamaguchi S, Shirai J.1998. Viruses produced from complementary DNA of virulent and avirulent strains of Swine vesicular disease virus retain the in vivo and in vitro characteristics of the parental strain. Arch Virol 143:1055-1062.
67. Kasteel DT, Perbal MC, Boyer JC, Wellink J, Goldbach RW, Maule AJ, VanLent JW.1996. The movement proteins of Cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus induce tubular structures in plant and insect cells. J Gen Virol 77:2857-2864.
68. Kim KS, Lee KW.1992. Geminivirus-induced macrotubules and their suggested role in cell-to-cell movement. Phytopathol 82:664-669.
69. KiumpWM, Muller BC.1990. Complete nucleotide sequence of infectious coxsackie virus B3 cDNA:Two initial 5 urdine residues are regained during plus-strand RNA synthesis. J Virol 64:1573-1583.
70. Koenig R, Beier C, Commandeur U, Luth U, Kaufmann A, Luddecke P.1996. Beet soil-borne virus RNA 3-a further example of heterogeneity of the gene content of Furovirus genomes and of triple gene block-carrying RNAs. Virology 216:202-207.
71. Koonin EV, Dolja VV.1993. Evolution and taxonomy of positive-strand RNA viruses:implications of comparative analysis of amino acid sequences. Crit Rev in Biochem Mol Biol 28:375-430.
72. Kragler F, Curin M, Trutnyeva K, Gansch A, Waigmann E.2003. MPB2C, a microtubule-associated plant protein binds to and interferes with cell-to-cell transport of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. Plant physio 132: 1870-1883.
73. Kumagai MH, Turpen TH, Weinzettl N, Cioppa GD, Turpen AM, Donson J, Hiff ME, Grantham GL, Dawson WO, Chow TP.1993. Rapid, high level expression of biologically active α-trichosanthin in transfected plants by an RNA viral vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:427-430.
74. Laporte C, Vetter G, Loudes AM, Robinson DG, Hillmer S, Stussi-Garaud C, Ritzenthaler C.2003. Involvement of the secretory pathway and the cytoskeleton in intracellular targeting and tubule assembly of Grapevine fanleaf virus movement protein in tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Cell 15:2058-2075.
75. Lazarowitz SG, Beachy RN.1999. Viral movement proteins as probes for intracellular and intercellular trafficking in plants. Plant cell 11:535-548.
76. Lewandowskia DJ, Adkins S.2005. The tubule-forming NSm protein from Tomato spotted wilt virus complements cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of Tobacco mosaic virus hybrids. Virology 342:26-37.
77. Li Y, Bao YM, Wei CH, Kang ZS, Zhong YW, Mao P, Wu G, Chen ZL, Schiemann J, Nelson RS.2004. Rice dwarf phytoreovirus segment S6-encoded nonstructural protein has a cell-to-cell movement protein. J Virol 78:5382-5389.
78. Lindbo JA.2007. High-efficiency protein expression in plants from agroinfection-compatible Tobacco mosaic virus expression vectors. BMC Biotechnology 7:52.
79. Liu JZ, Blancaflor EB, Nelson RS.2005. The Tobacco mosaic virus 126-kilodalton protein, a constituent of the virus replication complex, alone or within the complex aligns with and traffics along micro filaments. Plant physiol 138:1853-1865.
80. Lopez-Moya JJ, Garcia JA.2000. Construction of a stable and highly infectious intron-containing cDNA clone of Plum pox potyvirus and its use to infect plants by particle bombardment. Virus Res 68:99-107.
81. Lucas WJ.2006. Plant viral movement proteins:agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes. Virology 344:169-184.
82. Marillonnet S, Thoeringer C, Kandzia R.2005. Systemic Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfection of viral replicons for efficient transient expression in plants. Nat Biotechnol 23:718-723.
83. Melcher U.1990. Similarities between putative transport proteins of plant viruses. J Gen Virol 71:1009-1018.
84. Melcher U.2000. The'30K'superfamily of viral movement proteins. J Gen Virol 81:257-266.
85. Meyer M, Dessens JT.1997.35s promoter-driven cDNAs of Barley mild mosaic virus RNA1 and RNA2 are infectious on barley plants. J Gen Virol 78: 3147-3151.
86. Morozov SYu, Fedorkin ON, Juttner G, Schiemann J, Baulcombe DC, Atabekov JV.1997. Complementation of a Potato virus X mutant mediated by bombardment of plant tissues with cloned viral movement protein genes. J Gen Virol 78:2077-2083.
87. Mutterer JD, Stussi-Garauch C, Michler P, Richards KE, Jonard G, Ziegler-Graff V.1999. Role of the Beet western yellow rice virus read-through protein in virus movement in Nicotiana clerelanid. J Gen Viol 80:2771-2778.
88. Mas P, Beachy RN.2000. Role of microtubules in the intracellular distribution of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12345-12349.
89. MasP, Beachy RN.1999. Replication of Tobacco mosaic virus on endoplasmic reticulum and role of the cytoskeleton and virus movement in intracellular distribution of viralRNA. Cell Biol 147:945-958.
90. Nagano H, Mise K, Okuno T, Furusawa I.1999. The cognate coat protein is required for cell-to-cell movement of a chimeric Brome mosaic virus mediated by the cucumber mosaic virus movement protein. J Virol 265:226-234.
91. Nagano H, Mise K, Furusawa I, Okuno T.2001. Coversion in the requirement of coat protein in cell-to-cell movement mediated by the Cucumber mosaic virus movement protein. Virology 75:8045-8053.
92. Nairn CJ, Lewandowski DJ, Burns JK.1998. Genetics and expression of two pectinesterase genes in Valencia orange. Plant Physiol 102:226-235.
93. Nebenfuhr A, Ritzenthaler C, Robinson DG.2002. Brefeldin A:deciphering an enigmatic inhibitor of secretion. Plant Physiol 3:1102-1108.
94. Ohsato S, Miyanishi M, Shirako Y.2003. The optimal temperature for RNA replication in cells infected by Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is 17℃. J Gen Virol 84:995-1000.
95. Oparka KJ, Prior DA, Santa Cruz S, Padgett HS, Beachy RN.1997. Gating of epidermal plasmodesmata is restricted to the leading edge of expanding infection sites of Tobacco mosaic virus. Plant J 12:781-789.
96. Osman TAM, Buck KW.1991. Detection of the movement protein of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus in a cell wall fraction from infected Nicotiana clevelandii plants. J Gen Virol 72:2853-2856.
97. Osman TAM, ThOmmes P, Buck KW.1993. Localization of a single-stranded RNA-binding domain in the movement protein of Red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus. J Gen Virol 74:2453-2457.
98. Padgett HS, Epel BL, Kahn TW, Heinlein M, Watanabe Y, Beachy RN.1996. Distribution of Tobamovirus movement Protein in infected cells and implications for cell-to-cell spread of infection. Plant J 10:1079-1088.
99. Pouwels J, Van der Krogt GN, Van Lent J, Bisseling T, Wellink J.2002. The cytoskeleton and the secretory pathway are not involved in targeting the Cowpea mosaic virus movement protein to the cell periphery. Virology 297:48-56.
100. RacanielloV R, Baltimore B.1981. Cloned Poliovirus complementary DNA is infectious cells. Science 214:916-919.
101. Raghupathy MB, Griffiths JS, Stobbs LW, Brown DCW, Brandle JE, Wang A. 2006. Transfection of Arabidopsisprotoplasts with a Plum pox virus (PPV) infectious clone for studying early molecular events associated with PPV infection. J Virol Methods 136:147-153.
102. Ratcliff F, Martin-Hernandez AM, Baulcombe DC.2001. Tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing. Plant J 25:237-245.
103. Reichel C, Beachy RN.1998. Tobacco mosaic virus infection induces severe morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:11169-11174.
104. Riechmann JL, Lain S, Garcia JA.1990. Infectious in vitro transcripts from a Plum pox potyvirus cDNA clone. Virology 177:710-716.
105. Ritzenthaler C.2011. Parallels and distinctions in the direct cell-to-cell spread of the plant and animal viruses. Currt opin virol 1:403-409.
106. Rizzo TM, Palukaitis P.1990. Construction of full-length cDNA clones of Cucumber mosaic virus RNAs 1,2 and 3:generation of infectious RNA transcripts. Mol Gen Genet 222:249-256.
107. Robinson DG, Herranz J, Bubeck R, Pepperkok R, Ritzenthaler C.2007. Membrane dynamics in the early secretory pathway. Crit Rev Plant Sci 2: 199-225.
108. Ruggenthaler P, Fichtenbauer D, Krasensky J, Jonak C, Waigmann E.2009. Microtubule-associated protein AtMPB2C plays a role in organization of cortical microtubules, stomata patterning, and Tobamovirus infectivity. Plant Physiol 149:1354-1365.
109. Ryabov EV, Rovberts IM, Palukaitis P, Taliansky M.1999. Host-specific cell-to-cell and long-distance movements of Cucumber mosaic virus are facilitat ed by the movement protein of Groundnut rosette virus. J Virol 260:98-108.
110. Ryu SY, Hong JS, Rhee SJ, Lee GP.2012. Brief report:genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea. Virus Gene 44:345-348.
111. Sambade A, Branddner K, Hofmann C, Seemanpillai M, Mutterer J, Heinlein M. 2008. Transport of TMV movement protein particles associated with the targeting of RNA to plasmodesmata. Blackwell Munksgaard 9:2073-2088.
112. Sambrook J, Russell DW.2001. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins. Molecular cloning:A laboratory mannual. Cold Sprng Harbor Laboratory Press 3,3rd edition.
113. Santa CS, Roberts A G, Prior DAM, Chapman S, Oparka KJ.1998. Cell-to-cell and phloem-mediated transport of Potato virus X:the role of virions. Plant Cell 10:495-510.
114. Sarnow P.1989. Role of 3-end sequences in infectivity of Poliovirus transcripts made in vitro. J Virol 63:467-470.
115. Satoh H, Matsuda H, Kawamura T, Isogai M, Yoshikawa N, Takahashi T.2000. Intracellular distribution, cell-to-cell trafficking and tubule inducing activity of the 50 kDa movement protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus fused to green fluorescent protein. J Gen Virol 81:2085-2093.
116. Schein CH, Noteborn MHM.1998. Formation of soluble recombinant proteins in Escherichia Coli is favored by lower growth temperature. Nat Biotechnol 6: 291-294.
117. Scholthof HB.2005. Plant virus transport:motions of functional equivalence. Trends Plant Sci 10:376-382.
118. Shirako Y, Wilson TMA.1993. Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the bipartite RNA genome of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. Virology 195(1): 16-32.
119. Smith DB, Davern KM, Board PG, Tiu WU, Garcia EG, Mitchell GF.1986. Mr 26,000 antigen of Schistosoma japonicum recognized by resistant WEHI 129/J mice is a parasite glutathione S-transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 8703-8707.
120. Soellick TR, Uhrig JF, Bucher GL, Kellmann JW, Schreier PH.2000. The movement protein NSm of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV):RNA binding, interaction with the TSWV N protein, and identification of interacting plant proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:2373-2378.
121. Studier FW.1991. Use of bacteriophage T7 lysozyme to improve an inducible T7 expression system. JMol Biol 219:37-44.
122. Su SZ, Liu ZH, Chen C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Miao L, Wang XC, Yuan M. 2010. Cucumber mosaic virus movement protein severs actin filaments to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit in Tobacco. Plant Cell 22: 1373-1387.
123. Sumiyoshi H, Hoke CH, Trent DW.1992. Infectious Japanese encephalitis virus RNA can be synthesized from in vitro-ligated cDNA templates. J Virol 66:5425-5431.
124. Tamada T, Schmitt C, Saito M, Guilley H, Richards K, Jonard G.1996. High resolution analysis of the readthrough domain of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus readthrough protein:a KTER motif is important for efficient transmission of the virus by Polymyxa betae. J Gen Virol 77:1359-1367.
125. Tamada T. Kusume T.1991. Evidence that the 75K readthrough protein of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-2 is essential for transmission by the fungus Polymyxa betae. J Gen Virol 72:1497-1504.
126. Taniguchi T, Palmieri M, Weissmann C.1978. Qβ DNA2 containing hybrid plasmids giving rise to Q(3 phage formation in the bacterial host. Nature 274: 223-228.
127. Taniguchi T.1978. A method for constructing a generalized lyapunov function for power systems. Electr Eng Jpn 98:92-98.
128. Te J, Melche U, Howard A, VerchotLubicz J.2005. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) 19K protein belongs to a class of cysteine rich proteins that suppress RNA silencing. J Virol 2:18.
129. Thomas CL, Bayer EM, Ritzenthaler C, Fernandez-Calvino L, Maule AJ.2008. Specific targeting of a plasmodesmal protein affecting cell-to-cell communication. PLoS Biology 6:180-190.
130. Timpe U, Kuhne T.1995. In vitro transcripts of a full-length cDNA of a naturally deleted RNA2 of Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) replicate in BaMMV-infected plants. J Gen Virol 76:2619-2623.
131. Tominaga M, Nakano A.2012. Plant-specific myosin XI, a molecular perspective. Front Plant Sci 3:1-11.
132. Tzfira T, Rhee Y, Chen MH, Kunik T, Citovsky V.2000. Nucleic acid transport in plant-microbe interactions:the molecules that walk through the walls. Annu Rev Microbiol 54:187-219.
133. Ueki S, Spektor R, Natale DM, Citovsky V.2010. ANK, a host cytoplasmic receptor for the Tobacco mosaic virus cell-to-cell movement protein, facilitates intercellular transport through plasmodesmata. PLoS Pathog 6:1-13.
134. Vale RD.2003. The molecular motor toolbox for intracellular transport. Cell 112:467-480.
135. Vancanneyt G, Schmidt R, O Connor-Sanchez A, Willmitzer L, Rocha-Sosa M. 1990. Construction of an intron-containing marker gene:splicing of the intron in transgenic plants and its use in monitoring early events in Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation. Mol Gen Genet 220:245-250.
136. Verchot-Lubicz J, Ye CM, Bamunusinghe D.2007. Molecular biology of potexviruses:recent advances. J Gen Virol 88:1643-1655.
137. Viru L, Heller G, Lehto T, Parn K, El Andaloussi S, LangeU, Merits A.2011. Novel viral vectors utilizing intron splice-switching to activate genome rescue, expression and replication in targeted cells. Virol J 8:243.
138. Voller A, Bartlett A, Bidwell DE, Clark MF, Adams AN.1976. The detection of viruses by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). J Gen Virol 33: 165-167.
139. von Bargen, Salchert SK, Paape M, Piechulla B. Kellmann JW.2001. Interactions between the Tomato spotted wilt virus movement protein and plant proteins showing homologies to myosin, kinesin and DnaJ-like chaperones. Plant Physiol Biochem 39:1083-1093.
140. Waigmann E, Chen MH, Bachmaier R, Goshroy S, Citovsky V.2000. Regulation of plasmodesmal transport by phosphorylation of the Tobacco mosaic virus cell-to-cell movement protein. EMBO J 19:4875-4884.
141. White RG, Barton DA.2011. The cytoskeleton in plasmodesmata:a role in intercellular transport? JExp Bot 62:5249-5266.
142. Winter N, Kollwig G, Zhang SD, Kragler F.2007. MPB2C, a microtubule-associated protein, regulates non-cell-autonomy of the homeodomain protein KNOTTED1. Plant cell 19:3001-3018.
143. Wolf S, Deom CM, Beachy RN, Lucas WJ.1989. Movement protein of Tobacco mosaic virus modifies plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit. Science 246:377-379.
144. Wright KM, Wood NT, Roberts AG, Chapman S, Boevink P, MacKenzie KM, Oparka KJ.2007. Targeting of TMV movement protein to plasmodesmata requires the actin/ER network: evidence from FRAP. Traffic 8:21-31.
145. Xiong RY, Wu JX, Zhou YJ, Zhou XP.2008. Identification of a movement protein of the Tenuivirus rice stripe virus. J Virol 82:12304-12311.
146. Xiong Z, Kim KH, Giesman-Cookmeyer D. Lommel SA.1993. The roles of the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus capsid and cell-to-cell movement proteins in systemic infection. Virology 192:27-32.
147. Xu L, Chen JP, Ye R, ZhaoXY, Yu SQ.2002. Cloning and expression of the Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2 coat protein readthrough and 19 ku cysteinerich domains and localization of these proteins. Chinese Science Bulletin 47:1019-1023
148. Xue CY, Zhou XP, Chen Q, Qi YJ, Cao HF, Li DB.2000. Rapid construction of full length cDNA clones of Tobacco mosaic virus and the infectivity assay of its in vitro transcript. Acta Bioch Bioph Sin 32:270-274.
149. Yamamiya A, Shirako Y.2000. Construction of full-length cDNA clones to Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus RNA1 and RNA2, from which infectious RNAs are transcribed in vitro:virion formation and systemic infection without expression of the N-terminal and C-terminal extensions to the capsid protein. Virol J 277:66-75.
150. Yamshchikov V, M ishin V, Cominelli F.2001. A new strategy in design of (+) RNA virus infectious clones enabling their stable propagation in E.coli. Virology 281:272-280.
151. Yang G, Liu XG, Qiu BS.2000. Construction of TMV or ToMV attenuated bacteria genomic recombinants and their infectivity assay. Chin Sci Bull 45: 735-740.
152. Yang J, Chen J, Chen J, Jiang H, Zhao Q, Adams MJ.2001. Sequence of a second isolate of Chinese wheat mosaic Furovirus. J Phytopathol 149:135-140.
153. Ye R, Xu L, Gao ZZ, Yang JP, Chen J, Chen JP, Adams MJ, Yu SQ.2000. Use of monoclonal antibodies for the serological differentiation of wheat and oat furovirus. J Phytopathol 148:257-262.
154. Ye R, Zheng T, Chen J, Diao A, Adams MJ, Yu S, Antoniw JF.1999. Characteri- zation and partial sequence of a new Furovirus of wheat in China. Plant Pathol 48:379-387.
155. Yuan ZJ, Chen HY, Chen Q, Omura T, Xie LH, Wu ZJ, Wei TY.2011. The early secretory pathway and an actin-myosin VIII motility system are required for plasmodesmatal localization of the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus. Virus Res 159:62-68.
156. Zhang C, Machray GC, Cruz SS, Wilson TMA.2005. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) 37 kDa protein rescues cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of an immobile Tobacco mosaic virus mutant in Nicotiana benthamiana, a non-host of SBWMV. J Phytopathol 153:5-10.