TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备与光催化特性的研究
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摘要
当前环境污染问题正引起世界各国的重视,尤其在民用、工业、农业和军事防御等领域。为了解决环境污染问题,人们把目光转向了制备具有一定降解能力的光催化材料方向,光催化材料已成为材料科学和催化科学研究的热点。纳米TiO2材料是典型的光催化材料,因其具有稳定性好、催化效率高、无污染、无毒等特点,因此在处理有毒和难降解的有机污染物方面得到很好的应用。
但是,以往制备的粉体TiO2仍面临二次污染、复合几率高、催化效率很低等问题。还有,TiO2对太阳光的利用率很低,这就阻碍了TiO2在光催化中的实际应用。本课题利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基体表面制备一层高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,这种制备方法简单易操作,不仅增大了纳米TiO2的比表面积,而且制得的TiO2纳米管具有很高的催化效率。分别用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS对样品进行分析,研究氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液浓度、电解液种类和煅烧温度等制备参数对纳米管表面形貌、膜层结构、组成成分和晶型结构的影响,从理论上阐述了TiO2纳米管的生长机理和影响其生长的多种因素；对TiO2纳米管进行N掺杂,提高了TiO2纳米管的光催化性能,并利用SEM、XRD、XPS对制备的N掺杂TiO2纳米管进行表征；通过光催化实验,TiO2纳米管对低浓度的甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,研讨TiO2几何结构和晶型结构与其光催化活性的关系；利用未掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列和N掺杂后的TiO2纳米管阵列对相同量相同浓度的甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,比较未进行掺杂的TiO2纳米管和N掺杂后的TiO2纳米管的光催化性能。结果表明,N掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列很大程度地提高了TiO2光催化效率。
Mankind is facing an increasingly serious environmental pollution in civil, industrial, agricultural, military defense and other fields at present. As people's concern about environmental protection, photocatalytic materials have been hot spots in the science of materials and catalysis in recent years. TiO2 nanotube has stable, high efficiency catalytic, non-polluting and non-toxic characteristics. TiO2 nanotube has been attached great attention in degradation of toxic and refractory organic contaminants.
However, TiO2 powder may cause secondary pollution. The fast recombination rate of photo generated electron-hole pairs and the low quantum yield of photochemical conversion for solar energy severely hinder the industrialized applications of TiO2 photo catalyst. In recent years, many attempts have been made to resolve above problems in the word. We improved the specific area and the photo catalytic activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays by anodization. The SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS were performed to characterize the effect of different factors on morphology, component and crystalline phase. We analyzed the mechanism and the influencing factors in growth of TiO2 nanotube. The nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube array is expected to boost the photo catalytic activity. The N-doped TiO2 nanotube array was characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS. The photo catalytic activity of the TiO2 nanotube array film was evaluated by the decolorization of methyl orange in aqueous solution. Some critical structure factors of TiO2 nanotube array film in the photo catalytic activity was discussed as well. Compare with TiO2 nanotube, the N-doped TiO2 had higher ratio by the decolorization of methyl orange. The results showed that the nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube elevation the photo catalytic activities greatly.
但是,以往制备的粉体TiO2仍面临二次污染、复合几率高、催化效率很低等问题。还有,TiO2对太阳光的利用率很低,这就阻碍了TiO2在光催化中的实际应用。本课题利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基体表面制备一层高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列,这种制备方法简单易操作,不仅增大了纳米TiO2的比表面积,而且制得的TiO2纳米管具有很高的催化效率。分别用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS对样品进行分析,研究氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液浓度、电解液种类和煅烧温度等制备参数对纳米管表面形貌、膜层结构、组成成分和晶型结构的影响,从理论上阐述了TiO2纳米管的生长机理和影响其生长的多种因素；对TiO2纳米管进行N掺杂,提高了TiO2纳米管的光催化性能,并利用SEM、XRD、XPS对制备的N掺杂TiO2纳米管进行表征；通过光催化实验,TiO2纳米管对低浓度的甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,研讨TiO2几何结构和晶型结构与其光催化活性的关系；利用未掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列和N掺杂后的TiO2纳米管阵列对相同量相同浓度的甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,比较未进行掺杂的TiO2纳米管和N掺杂后的TiO2纳米管的光催化性能。结果表明,N掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列很大程度地提高了TiO2光催化效率。
Mankind is facing an increasingly serious environmental pollution in civil, industrial, agricultural, military defense and other fields at present. As people's concern about environmental protection, photocatalytic materials have been hot spots in the science of materials and catalysis in recent years. TiO2 nanotube has stable, high efficiency catalytic, non-polluting and non-toxic characteristics. TiO2 nanotube has been attached great attention in degradation of toxic and refractory organic contaminants.
However, TiO2 powder may cause secondary pollution. The fast recombination rate of photo generated electron-hole pairs and the low quantum yield of photochemical conversion for solar energy severely hinder the industrialized applications of TiO2 photo catalyst. In recent years, many attempts have been made to resolve above problems in the word. We improved the specific area and the photo catalytic activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays by anodization. The SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS were performed to characterize the effect of different factors on morphology, component and crystalline phase. We analyzed the mechanism and the influencing factors in growth of TiO2 nanotube. The nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube array is expected to boost the photo catalytic activity. The N-doped TiO2 nanotube array was characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS. The photo catalytic activity of the TiO2 nanotube array film was evaluated by the decolorization of methyl orange in aqueous solution. Some critical structure factors of TiO2 nanotube array film in the photo catalytic activity was discussed as well. Compare with TiO2 nanotube, the N-doped TiO2 had higher ratio by the decolorization of methyl orange. The results showed that the nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube elevation the photo catalytic activities greatly.
引文
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[3]Zhang HZ. Understanding polymorphic phase transformation behavior during growth of nanocrystalline aggregates:Insights from TiO2[J]. Phys Chem B,2000, (104):3481.k.
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[6]崔斌,杨亚婷.Ti02薄膜光催化降解4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间二苯酚的研究[J].化学研究与应用,2000,12(4)：394-397.
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