文昌鱼类脊椎动物甲状腺—肝轴的证明
|
摘要
文昌鱼(Amphioxus)是介于无脊椎动物和脊椎动物之间的过渡类型,是现存的与脊椎动物祖先最接近的无脊椎动物,一直被认为是研究脊椎动物起源和进化的重要模式动物。甲状腺-肝脏轴在包括七腮鳗在内的脊椎动物中普遍存在,然而其起源还是一个谜。在文昌鱼中有一个与甲状腺同源的器官——内柱,有一个肝脏同源的器官——肝盲囊,暗示文昌鱼中可能存在类甲状腺-肝脏轴,但是,尚没有证据证明文昌鱼内柱(类甲状腺)和肝盲囊(类肝脏)之间存在功能上的联系。本论文的主要部分就是论证文昌鱼中存在类脊椎动物甲状腺-肝脏轴信号通路。
本论文首先从文昌鱼中克隆到一个肝富集转录因子CAAT区/增强子结合蛋白BbC/EBPα/β的开放阅读框,可编码—80个氨基酸的蛋白质序列,分子量为9.3kDa。该蛋白序列同其它物种C/EBPα和C/EBPβ氨基酸序列进行比对分析,BbC/EBPα/β氨基酸序列与C/EBPα的相似性为51.9-54.4%,与C/EBPβ的相似性为51.9-59.7%。这说明BbC/EBPα/β与C/EBPα和C/EBPβ具有相同的相似性,因而本论文将其命名为BbC/EBPα/β。它与从弗罗里达文昌鱼基因组文库中分析出来的C/EBP的相似性达到94.3%。本论文推测BbC/EBPα/β可能是脊椎动物C/EBPα和C/EBPβ的原型。这个结论为构建的系统进化树进一步证实。构建的进化树表明BbC/EBPα/β蛋白位于脊椎动物C/EBPα和C/EBPβ分枝的基部,而C/EBPα和C/EBPβ各自聚群。组织特异性分析表明,BbC/EBPα/β同脊椎动物的C/EBPα和C/EBPβ一样,主要在肝盲囊表达。本论文又克隆了文昌鱼的甲状腺激素受体BbTR基因的完整开放阅读框,可编码一430个氨基酸的蛋白质序列,其分子量为49 kDa。BbTR基因推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的弗罗里达文昌鱼的TR相似性高达94.3%,且主要活性位点保守。组织特异性分析表明,BbTR在包括肝盲囊在内的全身各处都有表达。原位杂交结果表明,BbTR在内柱中的表达主要集中在碘结合区(5区和6区),佐证了内柱与甲状腺的同源。实时定量PCR结果表明,不管是在体内还是体外实验中,甲状腺激素(T4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和它们的衍生物三碘甲腺乙酸(TRIAC)均能刺激BbC/EBPα/β在肝盲囊中的表达,但是T4的作用相对要弱一些。而且,T4的作用可以被脱碘抑制剂碘泛酸抑制,说明T4要在体内脱碘转换成T3才能发挥作用。荧光猝灭实验表明T3和TRIAC都能和重组表达的BbTR结合,而T4不能结合。另外,本论文检测到内柱中富含T3和T4,同脊椎动物的甲状腺一样。结果说明,在文昌鱼中可以通过T3/TRIAC-TR的方式诱导BbC/EBPα/β表达。也就是说,文昌鱼中可能存在类脊椎动物甲状腺-肝脏轴的信号通路。
本文第二部分是重组表达斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的卵黄高磷蛋白(Pv)部分,并对其抑菌活性进行研究,推测其在胚胎发育中的功能。
首先,本论文重组表达了斑马鱼的Pv,并进行了质谱鉴定。然后,本论文检测了Pv的抑菌活性,发现Pv对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有很强的抑制作用,电镜扫描结果发现菌体表面受到破坏。将异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的重组Pv与各种菌孵育后荧光显微镜观察发现重组PV可以分别与E. coli和S. aureus结合；另外通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)证明重组Pv可以与病原相关模式分子(PAMPs)脂多糖(LPS)、脂磷壁酸(LTA)、肽聚糖(PGN)发生特异性结合,并且结合呈现浓度依赖性。结果表明Pv是一种多价的模式识别受体。铁结合实验表明重组Pv不能与铁结合,添加铁离子也不能减弱重组Pv的抑菌活性。这表明重组Pv的抑菌活性与夺铁机制无关。ELISA实验检测Pv在胚胎发育不同时期的含量结果显示,在胚胎发育初期,含有较高的Pv浓度,随着发育时间的延长,Pv含量逐渐减少,但直到12小时胚胎内Pv浓度仍维持在可以显著抑菌水平之上。这些结果说明在发育早期,Pv起着营养作用以外的免疫防御功能。为寻找Pv的抑菌活性中心,本论文先采用氨基端切除的方法,发现直到切除了氨基端194个氨基酸残基,剩下的55个氨基酸残基仍有抑菌活性。在此基础上,采用定点突变的方法,继续寻找抑菌活性中心。结果显示,带正电荷和疏水的氨基酸残基对Pv的抑菌活性起到关键的作用。总而言之,Pv在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中起着免疫防御的功能,而不仅仅是营养物质。Pv的抑菌活性中心在羰基端,带正电荷和疏水的氨基酸残基对于抑菌活性比较关键。
The thyroid-liver axis is present in all the vertebrates including lamprey. Amphioxus, a primitive chordate, has been shown to possess a thyroid-like organ, endostyle, as well a liver-like organ, hepatic caecum, suggesting the presence of a vertebrate-like thyroid-liver axis in this animal. However, a definitive link between these organs remains to be established. This study mainly dealt with the demonstration of the presence in amphioxus of a signaling flow from the endostyle to the hepatic caecum.
The cDNA of BbC/EBPα/βobtained contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 240 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 80 amino acids with a molecular weight of 9.3 kDa. Sequence comparison revealed that the polypeptide of BbC/EBPα/βshared 94.9% identity to B.floridae C/EBP and was 51.9-54.4% and 51.9-59.7% identical to the vertebrate C/EBPa and C/EBPβ, respectively. It was clear that BbC/EBPa/p was closely equally similar to C/EBPαand C/EBPβin sequence (therefore named C/EBPα/β), suggesting that BbC/EBPα/βmay be the archetype of vertebrate C/EBPa and C/EBPβ. This was also supported by the phylogenetic tree constructed which showed that C/EBPa and C/EBPP were each grouped together, forming two separated clades, while BbC/EBPα/βwas located at the base of both C/EBPa and C/EBPP clades. qRT-PCR showed that BbC/EBPα/βtranscript was most abundant in the hepatic caecum, which strengthens the notion that the hepatic caecum is homologous to the vertebrate liver. The BbTR cDNA obtained was 1317 bp long with an ORF of 1290 bp encoding a deduced protein of 430 amino acids with amolecular size of about 49 kDa. Sequence comparison revealed that BbTR shared 94% identity to B. floridae TR peptide. BbTR was found to be widely expressed in all the tissues examined, including the hepatic caecum, but it was abundantly expressed in the endostyle. In agreement, in situ hybridization histochemistry also revealed that BbTR was mainly expressed in the endostyle and gill. In the endostyle, BbTR was predominantly expressed in the zones 5a and 5b of the endostyle and at a lower level present in the zones 6 and 1 of the tissue. The zones 5 and 6 had been shown to be the iodine-binding center, and therefore our results showed that in the endostyle, the cells expressing BbTR were basically restricted in the iodine-binding regions.Both in vivo and in vitro assays showed that the expression of BbC/EBPα/βin the hepatic caecum was significantly increased following the exposure to T3,T4 or TRIAC. but compared with T3 and TRIAC, T4 acts less effective. And IOP, a deiodinase inhibitor, was able to inhibit T4 action, whereas T3 and TRIAC actions were not affected by IOP. These results suggested that BbC/EBPα/βexpression was mainly induced by T3 synthesized through deiodination of T4 in B. belcheri, as in vertebrates.To test if T3, T4 and TRIAC bind to BbTR, a fluorescence spectroscopy was performed. both T3 and TRIAC were able to bind to BbTR, with the TRIAC-BbTR binding being much stronger. In contrast, T4 did not bind to BbTR. At last, we confirm that the endostyle abound in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), just like the thyroid of vertebrate. And now we know the expression of BbC/EBPα/βis mediated through interaction between T3/TRIAC-TR. Altogether these results suggest the presence in amphioxus of a signaling flow from the endostyle to the hepatic caecum.
We have also studied the possible immune role of the yolk protein phosvitin(Pv), derived from vitellogenin of zebrafish. Firstly, we sythesized recombinant Pv, which was identified by MALDI/TOF MS analysis. Then we tested the antibacterial activity of purified Pv and found that Pv have strong antimicrobial activity to both Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that both E. coli and S. aureus were damaged by treatment with purified Pv.
To test if His-Pv can bind to microbes, FITC-labeled His-Pv was incubated with E. coli and S. aureus. It was found that His-Pv is able to bind both E. coli and S. aureus. To better understand the mechanisms of binding activity, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to investigate what molecules on the microbial surfaces are recognized by His-Pv, and it was found that His-Pv had a significantly stronger affinity to the immobilized ligands including LPS from Gram-negative bacteria, LTA from Gram-positive bacteria, PGN from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than to BSA. These results indicated that His-Pv was a multivalent pattern recognition receptor. Iron binding assay indicated that His-Pv was not able to bind iron, and iron failed to decrease the antimicrobial activity of His-Pv. These reveal that iron 'robbing'is not involved in His-Pv's bacteriostatic activity. Analysis of the content of Pv at the different periods of embryonic development by ELISA showed that the Pv concentration decreases with development. but until 12 hours, the concentration of Pv within the embryo remains enough for antimicrobial activity. This denoted that at the early stage of embryo development, Pv is possibly a immuodefence player. To search for the "active core" of Pv, two assay were performed, N-terminal truncation assay and point mutation assay. It was found that when N- terminal 194 amino acid residues were removed, the remaining 55 amino acid residues still have antibacterial activity. Preliminary point mutation approach results showed that positively charged amino acid residues of Pv seems to play a key role. In summary, the present study demonstrates that Pv plays an immunedefense role in the zebrafish embryo development, rather than just a nutrients protein. The antibacterial active center of Pv is at the C-terminal, with positively charged amino acid residues and hydrophobic amino acid residues more crucial for the antimicrobial activity.
本论文首先从文昌鱼中克隆到一个肝富集转录因子CAAT区/增强子结合蛋白BbC/EBPα/β的开放阅读框,可编码—80个氨基酸的蛋白质序列,分子量为9.3kDa。该蛋白序列同其它物种C/EBPα和C/EBPβ氨基酸序列进行比对分析,BbC/EBPα/β氨基酸序列与C/EBPα的相似性为51.9-54.4%,与C/EBPβ的相似性为51.9-59.7%。这说明BbC/EBPα/β与C/EBPα和C/EBPβ具有相同的相似性,因而本论文将其命名为BbC/EBPα/β。它与从弗罗里达文昌鱼基因组文库中分析出来的C/EBP的相似性达到94.3%。本论文推测BbC/EBPα/β可能是脊椎动物C/EBPα和C/EBPβ的原型。这个结论为构建的系统进化树进一步证实。构建的进化树表明BbC/EBPα/β蛋白位于脊椎动物C/EBPα和C/EBPβ分枝的基部,而C/EBPα和C/EBPβ各自聚群。组织特异性分析表明,BbC/EBPα/β同脊椎动物的C/EBPα和C/EBPβ一样,主要在肝盲囊表达。本论文又克隆了文昌鱼的甲状腺激素受体BbTR基因的完整开放阅读框,可编码一430个氨基酸的蛋白质序列,其分子量为49 kDa。BbTR基因推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的弗罗里达文昌鱼的TR相似性高达94.3%,且主要活性位点保守。组织特异性分析表明,BbTR在包括肝盲囊在内的全身各处都有表达。原位杂交结果表明,BbTR在内柱中的表达主要集中在碘结合区(5区和6区),佐证了内柱与甲状腺的同源。实时定量PCR结果表明,不管是在体内还是体外实验中,甲状腺激素(T4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和它们的衍生物三碘甲腺乙酸(TRIAC)均能刺激BbC/EBPα/β在肝盲囊中的表达,但是T4的作用相对要弱一些。而且,T4的作用可以被脱碘抑制剂碘泛酸抑制,说明T4要在体内脱碘转换成T3才能发挥作用。荧光猝灭实验表明T3和TRIAC都能和重组表达的BbTR结合,而T4不能结合。另外,本论文检测到内柱中富含T3和T4,同脊椎动物的甲状腺一样。结果说明,在文昌鱼中可以通过T3/TRIAC-TR的方式诱导BbC/EBPα/β表达。也就是说,文昌鱼中可能存在类脊椎动物甲状腺-肝脏轴的信号通路。
本文第二部分是重组表达斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的卵黄高磷蛋白(Pv)部分,并对其抑菌活性进行研究,推测其在胚胎发育中的功能。
首先,本论文重组表达了斑马鱼的Pv,并进行了质谱鉴定。然后,本论文检测了Pv的抑菌活性,发现Pv对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有很强的抑制作用,电镜扫描结果发现菌体表面受到破坏。将异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的重组Pv与各种菌孵育后荧光显微镜观察发现重组PV可以分别与E. coli和S. aureus结合；另外通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)证明重组Pv可以与病原相关模式分子(PAMPs)脂多糖(LPS)、脂磷壁酸(LTA)、肽聚糖(PGN)发生特异性结合,并且结合呈现浓度依赖性。结果表明Pv是一种多价的模式识别受体。铁结合实验表明重组Pv不能与铁结合,添加铁离子也不能减弱重组Pv的抑菌活性。这表明重组Pv的抑菌活性与夺铁机制无关。ELISA实验检测Pv在胚胎发育不同时期的含量结果显示,在胚胎发育初期,含有较高的Pv浓度,随着发育时间的延长,Pv含量逐渐减少,但直到12小时胚胎内Pv浓度仍维持在可以显著抑菌水平之上。这些结果说明在发育早期,Pv起着营养作用以外的免疫防御功能。为寻找Pv的抑菌活性中心,本论文先采用氨基端切除的方法,发现直到切除了氨基端194个氨基酸残基,剩下的55个氨基酸残基仍有抑菌活性。在此基础上,采用定点突变的方法,继续寻找抑菌活性中心。结果显示,带正电荷和疏水的氨基酸残基对Pv的抑菌活性起到关键的作用。总而言之,Pv在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中起着免疫防御的功能,而不仅仅是营养物质。Pv的抑菌活性中心在羰基端,带正电荷和疏水的氨基酸残基对于抑菌活性比较关键。
The thyroid-liver axis is present in all the vertebrates including lamprey. Amphioxus, a primitive chordate, has been shown to possess a thyroid-like organ, endostyle, as well a liver-like organ, hepatic caecum, suggesting the presence of a vertebrate-like thyroid-liver axis in this animal. However, a definitive link between these organs remains to be established. This study mainly dealt with the demonstration of the presence in amphioxus of a signaling flow from the endostyle to the hepatic caecum.
The cDNA of BbC/EBPα/βobtained contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 240 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 80 amino acids with a molecular weight of 9.3 kDa. Sequence comparison revealed that the polypeptide of BbC/EBPα/βshared 94.9% identity to B.floridae C/EBP and was 51.9-54.4% and 51.9-59.7% identical to the vertebrate C/EBPa and C/EBPβ, respectively. It was clear that BbC/EBPa/p was closely equally similar to C/EBPαand C/EBPβin sequence (therefore named C/EBPα/β), suggesting that BbC/EBPα/βmay be the archetype of vertebrate C/EBPa and C/EBPβ. This was also supported by the phylogenetic tree constructed which showed that C/EBPa and C/EBPP were each grouped together, forming two separated clades, while BbC/EBPα/βwas located at the base of both C/EBPa and C/EBPP clades. qRT-PCR showed that BbC/EBPα/βtranscript was most abundant in the hepatic caecum, which strengthens the notion that the hepatic caecum is homologous to the vertebrate liver. The BbTR cDNA obtained was 1317 bp long with an ORF of 1290 bp encoding a deduced protein of 430 amino acids with amolecular size of about 49 kDa. Sequence comparison revealed that BbTR shared 94% identity to B. floridae TR peptide. BbTR was found to be widely expressed in all the tissues examined, including the hepatic caecum, but it was abundantly expressed in the endostyle. In agreement, in situ hybridization histochemistry also revealed that BbTR was mainly expressed in the endostyle and gill. In the endostyle, BbTR was predominantly expressed in the zones 5a and 5b of the endostyle and at a lower level present in the zones 6 and 1 of the tissue. The zones 5 and 6 had been shown to be the iodine-binding center, and therefore our results showed that in the endostyle, the cells expressing BbTR were basically restricted in the iodine-binding regions.Both in vivo and in vitro assays showed that the expression of BbC/EBPα/βin the hepatic caecum was significantly increased following the exposure to T3,T4 or TRIAC. but compared with T3 and TRIAC, T4 acts less effective. And IOP, a deiodinase inhibitor, was able to inhibit T4 action, whereas T3 and TRIAC actions were not affected by IOP. These results suggested that BbC/EBPα/βexpression was mainly induced by T3 synthesized through deiodination of T4 in B. belcheri, as in vertebrates.To test if T3, T4 and TRIAC bind to BbTR, a fluorescence spectroscopy was performed. both T3 and TRIAC were able to bind to BbTR, with the TRIAC-BbTR binding being much stronger. In contrast, T4 did not bind to BbTR. At last, we confirm that the endostyle abound in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), just like the thyroid of vertebrate. And now we know the expression of BbC/EBPα/βis mediated through interaction between T3/TRIAC-TR. Altogether these results suggest the presence in amphioxus of a signaling flow from the endostyle to the hepatic caecum.
We have also studied the possible immune role of the yolk protein phosvitin(Pv), derived from vitellogenin of zebrafish. Firstly, we sythesized recombinant Pv, which was identified by MALDI/TOF MS analysis. Then we tested the antibacterial activity of purified Pv and found that Pv have strong antimicrobial activity to both Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that both E. coli and S. aureus were damaged by treatment with purified Pv.
To test if His-Pv can bind to microbes, FITC-labeled His-Pv was incubated with E. coli and S. aureus. It was found that His-Pv is able to bind both E. coli and S. aureus. To better understand the mechanisms of binding activity, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to investigate what molecules on the microbial surfaces are recognized by His-Pv, and it was found that His-Pv had a significantly stronger affinity to the immobilized ligands including LPS from Gram-negative bacteria, LTA from Gram-positive bacteria, PGN from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than to BSA. These results indicated that His-Pv was a multivalent pattern recognition receptor. Iron binding assay indicated that His-Pv was not able to bind iron, and iron failed to decrease the antimicrobial activity of His-Pv. These reveal that iron 'robbing'is not involved in His-Pv's bacteriostatic activity. Analysis of the content of Pv at the different periods of embryonic development by ELISA showed that the Pv concentration decreases with development. but until 12 hours, the concentration of Pv within the embryo remains enough for antimicrobial activity. This denoted that at the early stage of embryo development, Pv is possibly a immuodefence player. To search for the "active core" of Pv, two assay were performed, N-terminal truncation assay and point mutation assay. It was found that when N- terminal 194 amino acid residues were removed, the remaining 55 amino acid residues still have antibacterial activity. Preliminary point mutation approach results showed that positively charged amino acid residues of Pv seems to play a key role. In summary, the present study demonstrates that Pv plays an immunedefense role in the zebrafish embryo development, rather than just a nutrients protein. The antibacterial active center of Pv is at the C-terminal, with positively charged amino acid residues and hydrophobic amino acid residues more crucial for the antimicrobial activity.
引文
方永强。鱼类促性腺激素在文昌鱼哈氏窝免疫细胞化学定位。科学通报,1993,38(9)：840-842
方永强。文昌鱼在生殖内分泌进化中的地位。科学通报,1998,43(3)：225-232
方永强、王红、张崇理。文昌鱼促黄体素释放素(LH-RH)的周年变化及其与性腺发育的相互关系。中国科学(B),1990,20(5)：503-509
方永强,王龙。文昌鱼轮器哈氏窝匀浆对幼体蟾蜍睾丸发育的初步探讨。实验生物学报,1984,17：115-117
方永强、王龙。文昌鱼LH-RH的初步分离及其生物活性的测定。动物学报,1989,35(3)：339-340
方永强,翁幼竹,胡晓霞。文昌鱼内柱结构与功能及其神经内分泌调节。自然科学进展,2002,12(10)：1090-1094
黄斌,谭再海,候振宇.慢性乙型肝炎甲状腺激素水平与肝病理改变的相关性.诊断病理学杂志2006；13：479
黄重敏,黄春合,黄其文,徐湘.重型肝炎病人甲状腺激素水平变化与临床意义.右江医学2004；32：199-201
金德祥等.厦门的文昌鱼.动物学报,1953,5(1)：65-78
刘蔚,周涛.ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌机理研究。食品科学.2009.30(9)：15-20
吕淑霞,白泽朴,代义,冯江波,黄益。2008乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)抑菌作用及其抑菌机理的研究。中国酿造2008；9：87-91
佩尔扎,里德,詹室。微生物学[M].北京：科学出版社,1987.
乔东林,林庆威.乳铁蛋白抗奶牛乳房炎作用的探讨[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2004,12(1)：40-41
钱静,刘勇钢.甲状腺与肝脏疾病关系的研究进展.世界华人消化杂志2009；17(12)：1167-1170
王方剑,王昶,马丽萍,王春丽,金镇勋,黄强,杨劲松,贺红.肝硬化患者甲状腺功能和尿碘水平
的临床观察.中国地方病防治杂志2002；17：379-380
张天荫.动物胚胎发育讲座(二)：文昌鱼的胚胎发生.生物学通报,1994,29(8)：25-27
张士璀,袁金铎,李红岩。文昌鱼—研究脊椎动物起源和进化的模式动物。生命科学,2001,13：214-218
张小燕,刘小丽,范晓东.卵黄高磷蛋白的提取工艺研究.食品科学,2002(2)：85-87
张致一。生殖内分泌的演化。动物学报,1982,28(3)：211-215
曾亮,黄建安,李赤翎,刘仲华.2009儿茶素的抑菌效果及机理研究.食品工业科技30(5)：89-92
Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schaffer, A. A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:A new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research,1997,25,3389-3402.
Antonson P and Xanthopoulos KG. Molecular cloning, sequence and expression patterns of the human gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a(C/EBPa). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995,215:106-113.
Baglia LA, Bowers WJ, and Ruddell A. The avian C/EBPy gene encodes a highly conserved leucine zipper transcription factor. Gene 1997,190:297-302
Banaszak, L, Sharrock, W., Timmmin. P., Structure and function of lipoprotein:lipovitellin. Annu. Rev. Biophysics. Chem.,1991,20:221-246.
Barrington, E.J.W. The Biology of Hemichordata & Protochordata. University Review in Biology, Edinburgh and London,1965, pp.133-142
Barrington EJW. The localization of organically bound io dine in the endostyle of Amphioxus. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K.1958,37:117-126
Bianchi GP,Zoli M,Marchesini G,Volta U,Vecchi F, lervese T,Bonazzi C,Pisi E.Thyroid gland size and function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.Liver 1991; 11:71-77
Birkenmeier EH, Gwynn B, Howard S, Jerry J, Gordon JI, Landschulz WH, and McKnight SL. Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein. Genes Dev 1989,3:1146-1156.
Brent, G.A. Thyroid hormones (T4, T3). In:Melmed, S. (Ed.), Endocrinology:Basic and Clinical Principles. Humana Press, Totowa,]996 pp.32-67
Burgess-Beusse BL, Timchenko NA, and Darlington GJ. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is an important mediator of mouse C/EBPβ protein isoform production. Hepatology 1999,29:597-601
Burland, T.G. DNASTAR's Lasergene sequence analysis software. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2000,132,71-91.
Byrne BM, Gruber M, Ab G. The evolution of egg yolk proteins. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 1989; 53:33-69.
Calkhoven CF, Bouwman PR, Snippe L, and Ab G. Translation start site multiplicity of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α mRNA is dictated by a small 5'open reading frame. Nucleic Acids Res 1994,22:5540-5547.
Caprine L.Treatment of heart disease[P].United States Patent:Appl.NO.480746,1974
Carlson SG, Fawcett TW, Bartlett JD, Bernier M, and Holbrook NJ. Regulation of the C/EBP-related gene gadd153 by glucose deprivation. Mol Cell Biol 1993,13:4736-4744
Chang CY, Liu YH, Zhu HH. The sex steroid hormones and their functional regulation in amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri Gray). Proc 9th Internat Symp Comp Endocrinol,1981, p9
Chen JS, Cho WL, Raikhel AS. Analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cDNA. Similarity with vertebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum proteins. J Mol Biol 1994; 237:641-647.
Chen JS, Sappington TW, Raikhel AS. Extensive sequence conservation among insect, nematode, and vertebrate vitellogenins reveals ancient common ancestry. J Mol Evol 1997; 44:440-451.
Chen, J.Y., Chen, J.C., Wu, J.I. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of high density lipoprotein binding protein. Comp Biochem Physiol B.,2003,36,117-130.
Chung SL,Ferrier LK.Conditions affecting emulsifying properties of egg yolk phosvitin.J Food Sci,1991,56(5):1259-1262
Chung SL,Ferrier LK.Heat denaturation andemulsifying properties of egg yolk phosvitin.J Food Sci,1995,60:906-908
Cleutjens CB, van Eekelen CC, van Dekken H, Smit EM, Hagemeijer A, Wagner MJ, Wells DE, and Trapman J (1993) The human C/EBPσ(CRP3/CELF) gene:structure and chromosomal localization. Genomics 1993,16:520-523
Constance CM, Morgan JI, UmekRM. C/EBPα regulation of the growth arrest associated gene gadd45. Mol Cell Biol,1996,16 (7):3878-388.
Cooper C, Henderson A, Artandi S, Avitahl N, and Calame K. Ig/EBP (C/EBPγ) is a transdominant negative inhibitor of C/EBP family transcriptional activators. Nucleic Acids Res 1995,23:4371-4377
Covelli, I., Salvatore, G., Sena, L., Roche, J. Sur la formation d'hormones thyroidiennes et de leurs pre' curseurs par Branchiostoma lanceolatum. C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris 1960,154, 1165-1169
Crosson, S.M., Davies, G.F., Roesler, W.J. Hepatic expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteina:hormonal and metabolic regulation in rats. Diabetologia 1997,40,1117-1124
Davydov IV, Bohmann D, Krammer PH, and Li-WeberM. Cloning of the cDNA encoding human C/EBPa, a protein binding to the PRE-I enhancer element of the human interleukin-4 promoter. Gene 1995,161:271-275
Descombes P, Chojkier M, Lichtsteiner S, Falvey E, and Schibler U. LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein. Genes Dev 1990,4:1541-1551
Eldar A, Shapiro orna, et al. Vaccination with whole-cell vaccine and bacterial protein extract protects tilapia against Streptococcus difficile meningogencephalitis. Vaccine,1995,13(9): 867-870
Engelke G, Gutowski EZ,Hamme IM, et al. Biosynthesis of the lantibiotic Nisin:genomic organization and membrane localization of the NisB protein..Appl Environ Microbiol,1992, 58 (11):3730-3743
Fan, C.X., Zhang, S.C., Liu, Z.H., Li, L., Luan, J., Saren, G. Identification and expression of a novel class of glutathione-S-transferase from amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) with implications to the origin of vertebrate liver. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.2007,39,450-461.
Fan, C.X., Zhang, S.C., Li, L., Chao, Y.Q. Fibrinogen-related protein from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri is amultivalent pattern recognition receptor with a bacteriolytic activity. Mol. Immun.2008,45 (12),3338-3346
Felsenstein, J. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Interference Package), version 3.5c, Department of Genetics.1993, Seattle, Washington, USA:University of Washington.
Finn RN. Vertebrate Yolk Complexes and the Functional Implications of Phosvitins and Other Subdomains in Vitellogenins. Biology ofpeproduction.2007,76:926-935
Finn RN, Ostby GC, Norberg B, Fyhn HJ. In vivo oocyte hydration in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus); proteolytic liberation of free amino acids, and ion transport, are driving forces for osmotic water influx. J Exp Biol 2002; 205:211-224.
Fornace AJ Jr, Nebert DW, Hollander MC, Luethy JD, Papathanasiou M, Fargnoli J, and Holbrook NJ. Mammalian genes coordinately regulated by growth arrest signals and DNA-damaging agents. Mol Cell Biol1989,9:4196-4203
Fredriksson, G., Ericson, L.E., Olsson, R. Iodine binding in the endostyle of larval Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Cephalochordata). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.1984,56 (2),177-184
Fredriksson, G., Ofverholm, T., Ericson, L.E. Electron-microscopic studies of iodine-binding and peroxidase activity in the endostyle of the larval amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Cell Tissue Res.1985,241,257-266.
Gallo V, Rabbia F, Petrino R, Riberi A, Marinone C, L anger M [Liver and thyroid gland. Physiopathologic and clinical relationships.Recenti Prog Med 1990; 81:351-355
Gilmour THJ. Feeding method of cephalochordate larvae. Israel. J. Zool. Suppl.1996,42:87-95
Gratwohl EK, Kellenberger E, Lorand L, Noll H. Storage, ultrastructural targeting and function of toposomes and hyalin in sea urchin embryogenesis. Mech Dev,1991 Feb,33(2):127～138
Hammar, J.A.,1898. Zur Kenntnis der Leberentwicklung bei Amphioxus. Anat. Anz.1898,14, 602-606.
Han, L., Zhang, S.C., Wang, Y.J., Sun, X.T. Immunohistochemical localization of vitellogenin in the hepatic diverticulum of the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense, with implications of the origin of the liver. Invert. Biol.2006,125,171-176.
Heyland, A., Price, D.A., Bodnarova-Buganova, M.,Moro, L.L. Thyroid hormonemetabolism and peroxidase function in two non-chordate animals. J. Exp. Zool.B 2006,306 (6),551-566.
He, Y.N., Tang, B., Zhang, S.C., Liu, Z.H., Zhao, B.S., Chen, L.L. Molecular and immunochemical demonstration of a novel member of Bf/C2 homolog in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri:Implications for involvement of hepatic cecum in acute phase response. Fish Shellfish Immun.2008,24 (6),768-778
Hiramatsu, N., Cheek A.O., Sullivan, C.V., Matsubara, T., Hara, A. Vitellogenesis and endocrine disruption. In:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, Vol 6:Environ Toxicol (Mommsen TP, Moon TW, eds). Amsterdam:Elsevier,2005.431-471.
Hiruta, J., Mazet, F., Yasui, K., Zhang, P.J., Ogasawara, M. Comparative expression analysis of transcription factor genes in the endostyle of invertebrate chordates. Dev. Dyn.2005,233, 1031-1037.
Holland, L.Z., Laudet, V., Schubert, M. The chordate amphioxus:an emerging model organism for developmental biology. Cell. Mol. Life Sci.2004,61,2290-2308
Hong S, Park SJ, Kong HJ, Shuman JD, and Cheong J. Functional interaction of bZIP proteins and the large subunit of replication factor C in liver and adipose cells. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:28098-28105
Huang MJ,Li KL,Wei JS,Wu SS,Fan KD,Liaw YF. Sequential liver and bone biochemical changes in hyperthyroidism:prospective controlled follow-up study.Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1071-1076
Ishikawa SI, Tamaki S, Arihara K Itoh M. Egg yolk protein and egg yolk phosvitin inhibit calcium, magnesium, and iron absorptionsin rats. Journal of food science 2007,72: S412-419
Jiang B. and Mine Y. Preparation of Novel Functional Oligophosphopeptides from Hen Egg Yolk Phosvitin.J Agric Food Chem,2000,48:990-994
Jiang B. and Mine Y. Phosphopepides derived from hen egg yolk phosvitin:effect of molecular size on the calcium-binding properties. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.2001,65(5):1187-1190
Jiang H, Ma C, Lu ZQ, Kanost MR. Beta-1,3-Glucan recognition protein-2 (betaGRP-2) from Manduca sexta:an acute-phase protein that binds beta-1,3-glucan and lipoteichoic acid to aggregate fungi and bacteria and stimulate prophenoloxidase activation. Insect Biochem Molec,2004,34:89～100
Johnson PJ. The effect of endocrine diseases on liver function.In:Mclntyre N,Benhamour JP,Bircher J, Rizetto M,Rodes J eds.Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology(Oxford):Oxford Medical Pubilcations,1991:1195
Jurado LA, Song S, Roesler WJ, and Park EA. Conserved amino acids within CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP(α) and β) regulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression. JBiol Chem 2002,277:27606-27612
Katayama S, Xu XM, FAN MZ,Mine Y. Antioxidative Stress Activity of Oligophosphopeptides Derived from Hen Egg Yolk Phosvitin in Caco-2 Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem.2006,54: 773-778
Khan M A,Babiker Elfadil E,Hiroyuki Azakami, Akio Kato.Effect of protease digestion and dephosphorylation on high emulsifying properties of hen egg yolk phosvitin. J Agric Food Chem,1998,46:4977-4981
Khan M A,Babider E E,Azakami H,Kato A. Molecular Mechanism of the excellent emulsifying properties of phosvitin-Galactomannan conjugate.J Agric Food Chem,1999,47:2262-2266
Khan M A,Nakamura S,Ogawa M,Akita E,Azakami H,Kato A.Bactericial action of egg yolk phosvitin against Escherichia coli under Thermal stress. J Agric Food Chem, 2000,48:1503-150.
Kowenz-Leutz E, Twamley G, Ansieau S, and Leutz A. Novel mechanism of C/EBP β (NF-M) transcriptional control:activation through derepression. Genes Dev 1994,8:2781-279
Kozmik, Z., Holland, N.D., Kalousova, A., Paces, J., Schubert, N., Holland, L. Characterization of an amphioxus paired box gene, AmphiPax2/5/8:developmental expression patterns in optic support cells, nephridium, thyroid-like structures and pharyngeal gill slits, but not in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region. Development 1999,126,1295-1304.
Lambert LA, Perri H, Meehan TJ. Evolution of duplications in the transferrin family of proteins. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 140:11-25.
Lambert LA, Perri H, Halbrooks PJ, Mason AB. Evolution of the transferrin family:conservation of residues associated with iron and anion binding. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 142:129-141.
Landschulz WH, Johnson PF, Adashi EY, Graves BJ, and McKnight SL.Isolation of a recombinant copy of the gene encoding C/EBP. Genes Dev1988,2:786-800
Larsen, P.R., Ingbar, S.H. The thyroid gland. In:Wilson, J.D., Foster, D.W. (Eds.), Williams Textbook of Endocrinology,8th ed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia,1992, pp.357-487
Lee S K,Han J H,Decker E A.Antioxidant activity of phosvitin in phosphatidylcholine liposomes and meat model systems.J Food Sci,2002,67(1):37-41
Liang Y, Zhang S, Lun L, Han L. Presence and localization of antithrombin and its regulation after acute lipopolysaccharide exposure in amphioxus, with implications for the origin of vertebrate liver. Cell and Tissue Research,2006,323:537-541
Liang Y, Zhang S. Demonstration of plasminogen-like protein in amphioxus with implications for the origin of vertebrate liver. Acta Zoologica,2006,87(2):141-145
Lim EH, Teo BY, Lam TJ, Ding JL. Sequence analysis of a fish vitellogenin cDNA with a large phosvitin domain. Gene 2001; 277:175-186.
Lin FT, MacDougald OA, Diehl AM, and Lane MD. A 30-kDa alternative translation product of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α message:transcriptional activator lacking antimitotic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993,90:9606-9610.
Liu, M.Y., Zhang, S.C. A kringle-containing protease with plasminogen-like activity in the basal chordate Branchiostoma belcheri. Biosci. Rep.2009,29 (6),385-395.
Lu CL,Baker RC.Characteristics of egg yolk phosvitin as an antioxidant for inhibiting Metal-Catalyzed phospholipid oxidations. Poulty Sci,1986,65:2065-2070
Lu CL,Baker RC. Effect of pH and food ingredient on the stability of egg yolk phospholipids and the metal-chelator antioxidant activity of phosvitin. J Food Sci,1987,52(3):613-616
Matsuno, F., Chowdhury, S., Gotoh, T., Iwase, K., Matsuzaki, H., Takatsuki, K., Mori, M., Takiguchi, M. Induction of the C/EBP_ gene by dexamethasone and glucagon in primary-cultured rat hepatocytes. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1996,119,524-532
Marimuthu A, Feng W, Tagami T, et al. TR surfaces and conformations required to bind nuclear receptor corepressor.Mol Endocrinol,2002,16:271-286.
Menendez-Hurtado, A., Vega-Nunez, E., Santos, A., Perez-Castillo, A. Regulation by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and β genes during liver development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.1997,234,605-610.
Menendez-Hurtado A, Santos A, and Perez-Castillo A. Characterization of the promoter region of the rat CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha gene and regulation by thyroid hormone in rat immortalized brown adipocytes. Endocrinology 2000,141:4164-4170.
Menendez-Hurtado A, Vega-Nunez E, Santos A, and Perez-Castillo A. Regulation by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and beta genes during liver development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997,234:605-610.
Milochau A, Lassegues M, Valembois P. Purification, characterization and acvities of two hemolytic and antibacterial proteins from coelomic fluid of the annelid Eisenia fetida Andrei. Biochimical. Biophysica Acta.1997,1337:123-132
Monaco F, Dominici R, Andreoli M, De Pirro R, Roche J. Thyroid homone fomation in thyroglobulin synthesized in the amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas). Comp Biochem Physiol,1981.70B:341
Muller W. Uber die hypobranchialrinne der tunicaten und deren vorhandersein bei amphioxus und den cyklostomen. Jena. Z. Med. Naturw,1873,7:327-332
Muller J. Ueber den Bau und die Lebenserscheinungen des Branchiostoma lubricum Costa, Amphioxus Lanceolatus. Yarrell Abh K Preuss Akad Wiss Berl,1884,1844:79-116
Nakamura S,Ogawa M,Nakai S,Kato A,Kitts D D. Antioxidant Activity of a Mailard-Type phosvitin-Galactoma conjugate with emulsifying properties and heat stabitity.J Agric Food Chem,1998,46:3958-3963
Niu X, Renshaw-Gegg L, Milller L, and Guiltinan MJ. Bipartite determinants of DNA-binding specificity of plant basic leucine zipper proteins. Plant Mol Biol 1999,41:1-13.
Ogasawara, M. Overlapping expression of amphioxus homologs of the thyroid transcription factor-1 gene and thyroid peroxidase gene in the endostyle:insight into evolution of the thyroid gland. Dev. Genes Evol.2000,210,231-242.
Ossipow V, Descombes P, and Schibler U. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein mRNA is translated into multiple proteins with different transcription activation potentials. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993,90:8219-8223.
Paris, M., Laudet, V. The history of a developmental stage:metamorphosis in chordates. Genesis 2008,46,657-672
Paris, M., Brunet, F., Markov, G.V., Schubert, M., Laudet, V.. The amphioxus genome enlightens the evolution of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Dev. Genes Evol.2008a,218, 667-680.
Paris, M., Escriva, H., Schubert, M., et al. Amphioxus postembryonic development reveals the homology of chordate metamorphosis. Curr. Biol.18,825-830. Paris, M., Laudet, V.,2008. The history of a developmental stage:metamorphosis in chordates. Genesis 2008b,46, 657-672
Pedersen, T.A., Bereshchenko, O., Garcia-Silva, S., Ermakova, O., Kurz, E., Mandrup, S., Porse, B.T., Nerlov, C. Distinct C/EBPa motifs regulate lipogenic and gluconeogenic gene expression in vivo. EMBO J.2007,26,1081-1093
Pei DQ and Shih CH. An "attenuator domain" is sandwiched by two distinct transactivation domains in the transcription factor C/EBP. Mol Cell Biol 1991,11:1480-1487.
Reimer, C., Crawford, B. Identification and partial characterization of yolk and cortical granule proteins in eggs and embryos of the starfish, Pisaster ochraceus. Developmental Biology, 1995,167:439～457
Ruppert EE. Cephalochordata (Acrania). In Harrison, F. W. & Ruppert, E. E. (Eds.), Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates.1997 (Vol.15. pp.349-504). Wiley, New York.
Sappington TW, Raikhel AS. Molecular characteristics of insect vitellogenins and vitellogenin receptors. Insect Biochem Mol Biol.1998; 28:277-300.
Sawaguchi S., Ohkubo N., Matsubara T. Identification of two forms of vitellogenin-derived phosvitin and elucidation of their fate and roles during oocyte maturation in the Barfin Flunder, Verasper moseri. Zool.sci. of Japan 2006,23:1021-1029
Schrem, H., Klempnauer, J., Borlak, J. Liver-enriched transcription factors in liver function and development. Part Ⅱ. The C/EBPs and D site-binding protein in cell cycle control, carcinogenesis, circadian gene regulation, liver regeneration, apoptosis, and liver-specific gene regulation. Pharmacol. Rev.2004,56 (2),291-330
Sembrat K. Effect of the endostyle of the lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) on the metamorphosis of axolotl. Zool Polon,1953,6:3
Sharrock WJ, Rosenwasser TA, Gould J, Knott J, Hussey D, Gordon JI, Banaszak L. Sequence of lamprey vitellogenin. Implications for the lipovitellin crystal structure. J Mol Biol 1992; 226:903-907.
Shi X, Zhang S, Pang Q. Vitellogenin is a novel player in defense reactions. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 20:769-772
St Germain, D.L., Galton, V.A., Hernandez, A. Minireview:defining the roles of iodothyronine deiodinases:current concepts and challenges. Endocrinology 2009,150 (3),1097-1107
Stach, T. Chordate phylogeny and evolution:a not so simple three-taxon problem. J. Zool.2008, 276(2),117-141
Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, and Szpirer J. Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liverenriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF). Genomics 1992,13:293-300.
Takiguchi M. The C/EBP family of transcription factors in the liver and other organs. Int J Exp Pathol 1998,79:369-391.
Tanabe A, Kumahara C, Osada S, Nishihara T, and Imagawa M. Gene expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinσ mediated by autoregulation is repressed by related gene family proteins. Biol Pharm Bull 2000,23:1424-1429
Thomas I M. The accumulation of radioactive iodine by amphioxus. J Mar Biol Ass UK,1956.35: 203.
Timchenko LT, Iakova P, Welm AL, Cai ZJ, and Timchenko NA. Calreticulin interacts with C/EBPα and C/EBPβmRNAs and represses translation of C/EBP proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2002,22:7242-7257
Timchenko NA, Welm AL, Lu X, and Timchenko LT. CUG repeat binding protein (CUGBP1) interacts with the 5'region of C/EBPβ mRNA and regulates translation of C/EBP isoforms. Nucleic Acids Res 1999,27:4517-4525.
Tomomi T and Tetsujiro O. Preparation andCharacterization of phosvitin from hen's egg yolk granule. Agric Biol Chem,1984,48:1153-1160
Tsuneki, K., Kobayashi, H., Ouji, M. Histochemical distribution of peroxidase in amphioxus and cyclostomes with special reference to the endostyle. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.1983,50, 188-200
Tunkijjanukij S, Olafsen JA. Sialic acid-binding lectin with antibacterial activity from the horse mussel:further characterization and immunolocalization Suriyan. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 1998,22:139-150
Utarabhand, P., Bunlipatanon, P., Plasma vitellogenin of grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus): isolation and properties. Comp. Biochem. Physiol,1996,115C:101～110
Venkatesh TV, Holland ND, Holland LZ, Su MT, Bodmer R. Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiNk2-1:Insights into the evolution origin of the vertebrate thyroid gland and forebrain. Dev. Genes Evol.1999,209:254-259
Wallace, R.A., The vertebrate ovary:Comparative Biology and evolution (Jones, R.E.,ed). New York:Plenum Press,1978.469-502
Wallace, R.A., Hoch, K.L., Carnevali, O. Placement of small lipovitellin subunits within the vitellogenin precursor in Xenopus laevis. J.Mol. Biol.1990,213:407-409.
Wahli, W. Evolution and expression of vitellogenin genes. Trends Genet.1988,4:227-232.
Welm AL, Timchenko NA, and Darlington GJ. C/EBPa regulates generation of C/EBPβ isoforms through activation of specific proteolytic cleavage. Mol Cell Biol 1999,9:1695-1704
Welsch U. The fine structure of the pharynx, cyrtopodocytes and digestive caecum of Amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Symposium of the Zoological Society, London,1975,36: 17-41
Yamada T, Tobita K, Osada S, Nishihara T, and Imagawa M. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein σ gene expression is mediated by APRF/STAT3. J Biochem (Tokyo) 1997,121:731-738.
Yao JD,Gross JB Jr,Ludwig J,Purnell DC. Cholestatic jaundice in hyperthyroidism.Am J Med 1989;86:619-620
Yen, P.M.,2001. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol. Rev.2001, 81,1097-1142
Zhang J, Lazar M A. The mechanism of action of thyroid hormones[J].Ann Rev Physiol 2000,62:439-466.
Zhang Z, Yang XY, and Cohen DM. Urea-associated oxidative stress and Gadd153/CHOP induction. Am J Physiol 1999,276:F786—F793
Zou Y, He L, Huang SH. Identification of a surface protein on human brain microvascular endothelial cells as vimentin interacting with Escherichia coli invasion protein IbeA. Biochem Bioph Res Co,2006,351:625～630
方永强。文昌鱼在生殖内分泌进化中的地位。科学通报,1998,43(3)：225-232
方永强、王红、张崇理。文昌鱼促黄体素释放素(LH-RH)的周年变化及其与性腺发育的相互关系。中国科学(B),1990,20(5)：503-509
方永强,王龙。文昌鱼轮器哈氏窝匀浆对幼体蟾蜍睾丸发育的初步探讨。实验生物学报,1984,17：115-117
方永强、王龙。文昌鱼LH-RH的初步分离及其生物活性的测定。动物学报,1989,35(3)：339-340
方永强,翁幼竹,胡晓霞。文昌鱼内柱结构与功能及其神经内分泌调节。自然科学进展,2002,12(10)：1090-1094
黄斌,谭再海,候振宇.慢性乙型肝炎甲状腺激素水平与肝病理改变的相关性.诊断病理学杂志2006；13：479
黄重敏,黄春合,黄其文,徐湘.重型肝炎病人甲状腺激素水平变化与临床意义.右江医学2004；32：199-201
金德祥等.厦门的文昌鱼.动物学报,1953,5(1)：65-78
刘蔚,周涛.ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌机理研究。食品科学.2009.30(9)：15-20
吕淑霞,白泽朴,代义,冯江波,黄益。2008乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)抑菌作用及其抑菌机理的研究。中国酿造2008；9：87-91
佩尔扎,里德,詹室。微生物学[M].北京：科学出版社,1987.
乔东林,林庆威.乳铁蛋白抗奶牛乳房炎作用的探讨[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2004,12(1)：40-41
钱静,刘勇钢.甲状腺与肝脏疾病关系的研究进展.世界华人消化杂志2009；17(12)：1167-1170
王方剑,王昶,马丽萍,王春丽,金镇勋,黄强,杨劲松,贺红.肝硬化患者甲状腺功能和尿碘水平
的临床观察.中国地方病防治杂志2002；17：379-380
张天荫.动物胚胎发育讲座(二)：文昌鱼的胚胎发生.生物学通报,1994,29(8)：25-27
张士璀,袁金铎,李红岩。文昌鱼—研究脊椎动物起源和进化的模式动物。生命科学,2001,13：214-218
张小燕,刘小丽,范晓东.卵黄高磷蛋白的提取工艺研究.食品科学,2002(2)：85-87
张致一。生殖内分泌的演化。动物学报,1982,28(3)：211-215
曾亮,黄建安,李赤翎,刘仲华.2009儿茶素的抑菌效果及机理研究.食品工业科技30(5)：89-92
Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schaffer, A. A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:A new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research,1997,25,3389-3402.
Antonson P and Xanthopoulos KG. Molecular cloning, sequence and expression patterns of the human gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a(C/EBPa). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995,215:106-113.
Baglia LA, Bowers WJ, and Ruddell A. The avian C/EBPy gene encodes a highly conserved leucine zipper transcription factor. Gene 1997,190:297-302
Banaszak, L, Sharrock, W., Timmmin. P., Structure and function of lipoprotein:lipovitellin. Annu. Rev. Biophysics. Chem.,1991,20:221-246.
Barrington, E.J.W. The Biology of Hemichordata & Protochordata. University Review in Biology, Edinburgh and London,1965, pp.133-142
Barrington EJW. The localization of organically bound io dine in the endostyle of Amphioxus. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K.1958,37:117-126
Bianchi GP,Zoli M,Marchesini G,Volta U,Vecchi F, lervese T,Bonazzi C,Pisi E.Thyroid gland size and function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.Liver 1991; 11:71-77
Birkenmeier EH, Gwynn B, Howard S, Jerry J, Gordon JI, Landschulz WH, and McKnight SL. Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein. Genes Dev 1989,3:1146-1156.
Brent, G.A. Thyroid hormones (T4, T3). In:Melmed, S. (Ed.), Endocrinology:Basic and Clinical Principles. Humana Press, Totowa,]996 pp.32-67
Burgess-Beusse BL, Timchenko NA, and Darlington GJ. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is an important mediator of mouse C/EBPβ protein isoform production. Hepatology 1999,29:597-601
Burland, T.G. DNASTAR's Lasergene sequence analysis software. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2000,132,71-91.
Byrne BM, Gruber M, Ab G. The evolution of egg yolk proteins. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 1989; 53:33-69.
Calkhoven CF, Bouwman PR, Snippe L, and Ab G. Translation start site multiplicity of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α mRNA is dictated by a small 5'open reading frame. Nucleic Acids Res 1994,22:5540-5547.
Caprine L.Treatment of heart disease[P].United States Patent:Appl.NO.480746,1974
Carlson SG, Fawcett TW, Bartlett JD, Bernier M, and Holbrook NJ. Regulation of the C/EBP-related gene gadd153 by glucose deprivation. Mol Cell Biol 1993,13:4736-4744
Chang CY, Liu YH, Zhu HH. The sex steroid hormones and their functional regulation in amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri Gray). Proc 9th Internat Symp Comp Endocrinol,1981, p9
Chen JS, Cho WL, Raikhel AS. Analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cDNA. Similarity with vertebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum proteins. J Mol Biol 1994; 237:641-647.
Chen JS, Sappington TW, Raikhel AS. Extensive sequence conservation among insect, nematode, and vertebrate vitellogenins reveals ancient common ancestry. J Mol Evol 1997; 44:440-451.
Chen, J.Y., Chen, J.C., Wu, J.I. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of high density lipoprotein binding protein. Comp Biochem Physiol B.,2003,36,117-130.
Chung SL,Ferrier LK.Conditions affecting emulsifying properties of egg yolk phosvitin.J Food Sci,1991,56(5):1259-1262
Chung SL,Ferrier LK.Heat denaturation andemulsifying properties of egg yolk phosvitin.J Food Sci,1995,60:906-908
Cleutjens CB, van Eekelen CC, van Dekken H, Smit EM, Hagemeijer A, Wagner MJ, Wells DE, and Trapman J (1993) The human C/EBPσ(CRP3/CELF) gene:structure and chromosomal localization. Genomics 1993,16:520-523
Constance CM, Morgan JI, UmekRM. C/EBPα regulation of the growth arrest associated gene gadd45. Mol Cell Biol,1996,16 (7):3878-388.
Cooper C, Henderson A, Artandi S, Avitahl N, and Calame K. Ig/EBP (C/EBPγ) is a transdominant negative inhibitor of C/EBP family transcriptional activators. Nucleic Acids Res 1995,23:4371-4377
Covelli, I., Salvatore, G., Sena, L., Roche, J. Sur la formation d'hormones thyroidiennes et de leurs pre' curseurs par Branchiostoma lanceolatum. C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris 1960,154, 1165-1169
Crosson, S.M., Davies, G.F., Roesler, W.J. Hepatic expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteina:hormonal and metabolic regulation in rats. Diabetologia 1997,40,1117-1124
Davydov IV, Bohmann D, Krammer PH, and Li-WeberM. Cloning of the cDNA encoding human C/EBPa, a protein binding to the PRE-I enhancer element of the human interleukin-4 promoter. Gene 1995,161:271-275
Descombes P, Chojkier M, Lichtsteiner S, Falvey E, and Schibler U. LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein. Genes Dev 1990,4:1541-1551
Eldar A, Shapiro orna, et al. Vaccination with whole-cell vaccine and bacterial protein extract protects tilapia against Streptococcus difficile meningogencephalitis. Vaccine,1995,13(9): 867-870
Engelke G, Gutowski EZ,Hamme IM, et al. Biosynthesis of the lantibiotic Nisin:genomic organization and membrane localization of the NisB protein..Appl Environ Microbiol,1992, 58 (11):3730-3743
Fan, C.X., Zhang, S.C., Liu, Z.H., Li, L., Luan, J., Saren, G. Identification and expression of a novel class of glutathione-S-transferase from amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) with implications to the origin of vertebrate liver. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.2007,39,450-461.
Fan, C.X., Zhang, S.C., Li, L., Chao, Y.Q. Fibrinogen-related protein from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri is amultivalent pattern recognition receptor with a bacteriolytic activity. Mol. Immun.2008,45 (12),3338-3346
Felsenstein, J. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Interference Package), version 3.5c, Department of Genetics.1993, Seattle, Washington, USA:University of Washington.
Finn RN. Vertebrate Yolk Complexes and the Functional Implications of Phosvitins and Other Subdomains in Vitellogenins. Biology ofpeproduction.2007,76:926-935
Finn RN, Ostby GC, Norberg B, Fyhn HJ. In vivo oocyte hydration in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus); proteolytic liberation of free amino acids, and ion transport, are driving forces for osmotic water influx. J Exp Biol 2002; 205:211-224.
Fornace AJ Jr, Nebert DW, Hollander MC, Luethy JD, Papathanasiou M, Fargnoli J, and Holbrook NJ. Mammalian genes coordinately regulated by growth arrest signals and DNA-damaging agents. Mol Cell Biol1989,9:4196-4203
Fredriksson, G., Ericson, L.E., Olsson, R. Iodine binding in the endostyle of larval Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Cephalochordata). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.1984,56 (2),177-184
Fredriksson, G., Ofverholm, T., Ericson, L.E. Electron-microscopic studies of iodine-binding and peroxidase activity in the endostyle of the larval amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Cell Tissue Res.1985,241,257-266.
Gallo V, Rabbia F, Petrino R, Riberi A, Marinone C, L anger M [Liver and thyroid gland. Physiopathologic and clinical relationships.Recenti Prog Med 1990; 81:351-355
Gilmour THJ. Feeding method of cephalochordate larvae. Israel. J. Zool. Suppl.1996,42:87-95
Gratwohl EK, Kellenberger E, Lorand L, Noll H. Storage, ultrastructural targeting and function of toposomes and hyalin in sea urchin embryogenesis. Mech Dev,1991 Feb,33(2):127～138
Hammar, J.A.,1898. Zur Kenntnis der Leberentwicklung bei Amphioxus. Anat. Anz.1898,14, 602-606.
Han, L., Zhang, S.C., Wang, Y.J., Sun, X.T. Immunohistochemical localization of vitellogenin in the hepatic diverticulum of the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense, with implications of the origin of the liver. Invert. Biol.2006,125,171-176.
Heyland, A., Price, D.A., Bodnarova-Buganova, M.,Moro, L.L. Thyroid hormonemetabolism and peroxidase function in two non-chordate animals. J. Exp. Zool.B 2006,306 (6),551-566.
He, Y.N., Tang, B., Zhang, S.C., Liu, Z.H., Zhao, B.S., Chen, L.L. Molecular and immunochemical demonstration of a novel member of Bf/C2 homolog in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri:Implications for involvement of hepatic cecum in acute phase response. Fish Shellfish Immun.2008,24 (6),768-778
Hiramatsu, N., Cheek A.O., Sullivan, C.V., Matsubara, T., Hara, A. Vitellogenesis and endocrine disruption. In:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, Vol 6:Environ Toxicol (Mommsen TP, Moon TW, eds). Amsterdam:Elsevier,2005.431-471.
Hiruta, J., Mazet, F., Yasui, K., Zhang, P.J., Ogasawara, M. Comparative expression analysis of transcription factor genes in the endostyle of invertebrate chordates. Dev. Dyn.2005,233, 1031-1037.
Holland, L.Z., Laudet, V., Schubert, M. The chordate amphioxus:an emerging model organism for developmental biology. Cell. Mol. Life Sci.2004,61,2290-2308
Hong S, Park SJ, Kong HJ, Shuman JD, and Cheong J. Functional interaction of bZIP proteins and the large subunit of replication factor C in liver and adipose cells. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:28098-28105
Huang MJ,Li KL,Wei JS,Wu SS,Fan KD,Liaw YF. Sequential liver and bone biochemical changes in hyperthyroidism:prospective controlled follow-up study.Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:1071-1076
Ishikawa SI, Tamaki S, Arihara K Itoh M. Egg yolk protein and egg yolk phosvitin inhibit calcium, magnesium, and iron absorptionsin rats. Journal of food science 2007,72: S412-419
Jiang B. and Mine Y. Preparation of Novel Functional Oligophosphopeptides from Hen Egg Yolk Phosvitin.J Agric Food Chem,2000,48:990-994
Jiang B. and Mine Y. Phosphopepides derived from hen egg yolk phosvitin:effect of molecular size on the calcium-binding properties. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.2001,65(5):1187-1190
Jiang H, Ma C, Lu ZQ, Kanost MR. Beta-1,3-Glucan recognition protein-2 (betaGRP-2) from Manduca sexta:an acute-phase protein that binds beta-1,3-glucan and lipoteichoic acid to aggregate fungi and bacteria and stimulate prophenoloxidase activation. Insect Biochem Molec,2004,34:89～100
Johnson PJ. The effect of endocrine diseases on liver function.In:Mclntyre N,Benhamour JP,Bircher J, Rizetto M,Rodes J eds.Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology(Oxford):Oxford Medical Pubilcations,1991:1195
Jurado LA, Song S, Roesler WJ, and Park EA. Conserved amino acids within CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP(α) and β) regulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression. JBiol Chem 2002,277:27606-27612
Katayama S, Xu XM, FAN MZ,Mine Y. Antioxidative Stress Activity of Oligophosphopeptides Derived from Hen Egg Yolk Phosvitin in Caco-2 Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem.2006,54: 773-778
Khan M A,Babiker Elfadil E,Hiroyuki Azakami, Akio Kato.Effect of protease digestion and dephosphorylation on high emulsifying properties of hen egg yolk phosvitin. J Agric Food Chem,1998,46:4977-4981
Khan M A,Babider E E,Azakami H,Kato A. Molecular Mechanism of the excellent emulsifying properties of phosvitin-Galactomannan conjugate.J Agric Food Chem,1999,47:2262-2266
Khan M A,Nakamura S,Ogawa M,Akita E,Azakami H,Kato A.Bactericial action of egg yolk phosvitin against Escherichia coli under Thermal stress. J Agric Food Chem, 2000,48:1503-150.
Kowenz-Leutz E, Twamley G, Ansieau S, and Leutz A. Novel mechanism of C/EBP β (NF-M) transcriptional control:activation through derepression. Genes Dev 1994,8:2781-279
Kozmik, Z., Holland, N.D., Kalousova, A., Paces, J., Schubert, N., Holland, L. Characterization of an amphioxus paired box gene, AmphiPax2/5/8:developmental expression patterns in optic support cells, nephridium, thyroid-like structures and pharyngeal gill slits, but not in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region. Development 1999,126,1295-1304.
Lambert LA, Perri H, Meehan TJ. Evolution of duplications in the transferrin family of proteins. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 140:11-25.
Lambert LA, Perri H, Halbrooks PJ, Mason AB. Evolution of the transferrin family:conservation of residues associated with iron and anion binding. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 142:129-141.
Landschulz WH, Johnson PF, Adashi EY, Graves BJ, and McKnight SL.Isolation of a recombinant copy of the gene encoding C/EBP. Genes Dev1988,2:786-800
Larsen, P.R., Ingbar, S.H. The thyroid gland. In:Wilson, J.D., Foster, D.W. (Eds.), Williams Textbook of Endocrinology,8th ed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia,1992, pp.357-487
Lee S K,Han J H,Decker E A.Antioxidant activity of phosvitin in phosphatidylcholine liposomes and meat model systems.J Food Sci,2002,67(1):37-41
Liang Y, Zhang S, Lun L, Han L. Presence and localization of antithrombin and its regulation after acute lipopolysaccharide exposure in amphioxus, with implications for the origin of vertebrate liver. Cell and Tissue Research,2006,323:537-541
Liang Y, Zhang S. Demonstration of plasminogen-like protein in amphioxus with implications for the origin of vertebrate liver. Acta Zoologica,2006,87(2):141-145
Lim EH, Teo BY, Lam TJ, Ding JL. Sequence analysis of a fish vitellogenin cDNA with a large phosvitin domain. Gene 2001; 277:175-186.
Lin FT, MacDougald OA, Diehl AM, and Lane MD. A 30-kDa alternative translation product of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α message:transcriptional activator lacking antimitotic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993,90:9606-9610.
Liu, M.Y., Zhang, S.C. A kringle-containing protease with plasminogen-like activity in the basal chordate Branchiostoma belcheri. Biosci. Rep.2009,29 (6),385-395.
Lu CL,Baker RC.Characteristics of egg yolk phosvitin as an antioxidant for inhibiting Metal-Catalyzed phospholipid oxidations. Poulty Sci,1986,65:2065-2070
Lu CL,Baker RC. Effect of pH and food ingredient on the stability of egg yolk phospholipids and the metal-chelator antioxidant activity of phosvitin. J Food Sci,1987,52(3):613-616
Matsuno, F., Chowdhury, S., Gotoh, T., Iwase, K., Matsuzaki, H., Takatsuki, K., Mori, M., Takiguchi, M. Induction of the C/EBP_ gene by dexamethasone and glucagon in primary-cultured rat hepatocytes. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1996,119,524-532
Marimuthu A, Feng W, Tagami T, et al. TR surfaces and conformations required to bind nuclear receptor corepressor.Mol Endocrinol,2002,16:271-286.
Menendez-Hurtado, A., Vega-Nunez, E., Santos, A., Perez-Castillo, A. Regulation by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and β genes during liver development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.1997,234,605-610.
Menendez-Hurtado A, Santos A, and Perez-Castillo A. Characterization of the promoter region of the rat CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha gene and regulation by thyroid hormone in rat immortalized brown adipocytes. Endocrinology 2000,141:4164-4170.
Menendez-Hurtado A, Vega-Nunez E, Santos A, and Perez-Castillo A. Regulation by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and beta genes during liver development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997,234:605-610.
Milochau A, Lassegues M, Valembois P. Purification, characterization and acvities of two hemolytic and antibacterial proteins from coelomic fluid of the annelid Eisenia fetida Andrei. Biochimical. Biophysica Acta.1997,1337:123-132
Monaco F, Dominici R, Andreoli M, De Pirro R, Roche J. Thyroid homone fomation in thyroglobulin synthesized in the amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas). Comp Biochem Physiol,1981.70B:341
Muller W. Uber die hypobranchialrinne der tunicaten und deren vorhandersein bei amphioxus und den cyklostomen. Jena. Z. Med. Naturw,1873,7:327-332
Muller J. Ueber den Bau und die Lebenserscheinungen des Branchiostoma lubricum Costa, Amphioxus Lanceolatus. Yarrell Abh K Preuss Akad Wiss Berl,1884,1844:79-116
Nakamura S,Ogawa M,Nakai S,Kato A,Kitts D D. Antioxidant Activity of a Mailard-Type phosvitin-Galactoma conjugate with emulsifying properties and heat stabitity.J Agric Food Chem,1998,46:3958-3963
Niu X, Renshaw-Gegg L, Milller L, and Guiltinan MJ. Bipartite determinants of DNA-binding specificity of plant basic leucine zipper proteins. Plant Mol Biol 1999,41:1-13.
Ogasawara, M. Overlapping expression of amphioxus homologs of the thyroid transcription factor-1 gene and thyroid peroxidase gene in the endostyle:insight into evolution of the thyroid gland. Dev. Genes Evol.2000,210,231-242.
Ossipow V, Descombes P, and Schibler U. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein mRNA is translated into multiple proteins with different transcription activation potentials. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993,90:8219-8223.
Paris, M., Laudet, V. The history of a developmental stage:metamorphosis in chordates. Genesis 2008,46,657-672
Paris, M., Brunet, F., Markov, G.V., Schubert, M., Laudet, V.. The amphioxus genome enlightens the evolution of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Dev. Genes Evol.2008a,218, 667-680.
Paris, M., Escriva, H., Schubert, M., et al. Amphioxus postembryonic development reveals the homology of chordate metamorphosis. Curr. Biol.18,825-830. Paris, M., Laudet, V.,2008. The history of a developmental stage:metamorphosis in chordates. Genesis 2008b,46, 657-672
Pedersen, T.A., Bereshchenko, O., Garcia-Silva, S., Ermakova, O., Kurz, E., Mandrup, S., Porse, B.T., Nerlov, C. Distinct C/EBPa motifs regulate lipogenic and gluconeogenic gene expression in vivo. EMBO J.2007,26,1081-1093
Pei DQ and Shih CH. An "attenuator domain" is sandwiched by two distinct transactivation domains in the transcription factor C/EBP. Mol Cell Biol 1991,11:1480-1487.
Reimer, C., Crawford, B. Identification and partial characterization of yolk and cortical granule proteins in eggs and embryos of the starfish, Pisaster ochraceus. Developmental Biology, 1995,167:439～457
Ruppert EE. Cephalochordata (Acrania). In Harrison, F. W. & Ruppert, E. E. (Eds.), Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates.1997 (Vol.15. pp.349-504). Wiley, New York.
Sappington TW, Raikhel AS. Molecular characteristics of insect vitellogenins and vitellogenin receptors. Insect Biochem Mol Biol.1998; 28:277-300.
Sawaguchi S., Ohkubo N., Matsubara T. Identification of two forms of vitellogenin-derived phosvitin and elucidation of their fate and roles during oocyte maturation in the Barfin Flunder, Verasper moseri. Zool.sci. of Japan 2006,23:1021-1029
Schrem, H., Klempnauer, J., Borlak, J. Liver-enriched transcription factors in liver function and development. Part Ⅱ. The C/EBPs and D site-binding protein in cell cycle control, carcinogenesis, circadian gene regulation, liver regeneration, apoptosis, and liver-specific gene regulation. Pharmacol. Rev.2004,56 (2),291-330
Sembrat K. Effect of the endostyle of the lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) on the metamorphosis of axolotl. Zool Polon,1953,6:3
Sharrock WJ, Rosenwasser TA, Gould J, Knott J, Hussey D, Gordon JI, Banaszak L. Sequence of lamprey vitellogenin. Implications for the lipovitellin crystal structure. J Mol Biol 1992; 226:903-907.
Shi X, Zhang S, Pang Q. Vitellogenin is a novel player in defense reactions. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 20:769-772
St Germain, D.L., Galton, V.A., Hernandez, A. Minireview:defining the roles of iodothyronine deiodinases:current concepts and challenges. Endocrinology 2009,150 (3),1097-1107
Stach, T. Chordate phylogeny and evolution:a not so simple three-taxon problem. J. Zool.2008, 276(2),117-141
Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, and Szpirer J. Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liverenriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF). Genomics 1992,13:293-300.
Takiguchi M. The C/EBP family of transcription factors in the liver and other organs. Int J Exp Pathol 1998,79:369-391.
Tanabe A, Kumahara C, Osada S, Nishihara T, and Imagawa M. Gene expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinσ mediated by autoregulation is repressed by related gene family proteins. Biol Pharm Bull 2000,23:1424-1429
Thomas I M. The accumulation of radioactive iodine by amphioxus. J Mar Biol Ass UK,1956.35: 203.
Timchenko LT, Iakova P, Welm AL, Cai ZJ, and Timchenko NA. Calreticulin interacts with C/EBPα and C/EBPβmRNAs and represses translation of C/EBP proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2002,22:7242-7257
Timchenko NA, Welm AL, Lu X, and Timchenko LT. CUG repeat binding protein (CUGBP1) interacts with the 5'region of C/EBPβ mRNA and regulates translation of C/EBP isoforms. Nucleic Acids Res 1999,27:4517-4525.
Tomomi T and Tetsujiro O. Preparation andCharacterization of phosvitin from hen's egg yolk granule. Agric Biol Chem,1984,48:1153-1160
Tsuneki, K., Kobayashi, H., Ouji, M. Histochemical distribution of peroxidase in amphioxus and cyclostomes with special reference to the endostyle. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.1983,50, 188-200
Tunkijjanukij S, Olafsen JA. Sialic acid-binding lectin with antibacterial activity from the horse mussel:further characterization and immunolocalization Suriyan. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 1998,22:139-150
Utarabhand, P., Bunlipatanon, P., Plasma vitellogenin of grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus): isolation and properties. Comp. Biochem. Physiol,1996,115C:101～110
Venkatesh TV, Holland ND, Holland LZ, Su MT, Bodmer R. Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiNk2-1:Insights into the evolution origin of the vertebrate thyroid gland and forebrain. Dev. Genes Evol.1999,209:254-259
Wallace, R.A., The vertebrate ovary:Comparative Biology and evolution (Jones, R.E.,ed). New York:Plenum Press,1978.469-502
Wallace, R.A., Hoch, K.L., Carnevali, O. Placement of small lipovitellin subunits within the vitellogenin precursor in Xenopus laevis. J.Mol. Biol.1990,213:407-409.
Wahli, W. Evolution and expression of vitellogenin genes. Trends Genet.1988,4:227-232.
Welm AL, Timchenko NA, and Darlington GJ. C/EBPa regulates generation of C/EBPβ isoforms through activation of specific proteolytic cleavage. Mol Cell Biol 1999,9:1695-1704
Welsch U. The fine structure of the pharynx, cyrtopodocytes and digestive caecum of Amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Symposium of the Zoological Society, London,1975,36: 17-41
Yamada T, Tobita K, Osada S, Nishihara T, and Imagawa M. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein σ gene expression is mediated by APRF/STAT3. J Biochem (Tokyo) 1997,121:731-738.
Yao JD,Gross JB Jr,Ludwig J,Purnell DC. Cholestatic jaundice in hyperthyroidism.Am J Med 1989;86:619-620
Yen, P.M.,2001. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol. Rev.2001, 81,1097-1142
Zhang J, Lazar M A. The mechanism of action of thyroid hormones[J].Ann Rev Physiol 2000,62:439-466.
Zhang Z, Yang XY, and Cohen DM. Urea-associated oxidative stress and Gadd153/CHOP induction. Am J Physiol 1999,276:F786—F793
Zou Y, He L, Huang SH. Identification of a surface protein on human brain microvascular endothelial cells as vimentin interacting with Escherichia coli invasion protein IbeA. Biochem Bioph Res Co,2006,351:625～630