TiN气相沉积涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究
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摘要
TiN具有硬度高、熔点高、热稳定性好、优良的耐磨性等优点,本文将TiN涂层镀在硬质合金基体上,并对其力学性能、微观结构、受力分析和摩擦磨损机理进行了深入系统的研究。
以YT15和YG6硬质合金为基体和Ti为过渡层,采用磁控溅射离子镀工艺在硬质合金刀具上气相沉积上TiN涂层,并进行了摩擦磨损实验。结果表明: TiN涂层刀具的综合机械性能明显优于未涂层硬质合金刀具。
在室温干摩擦条件下对TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具进行了淬火45#钢-刀片摩擦磨损试验,得出了TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:(1)未涂层刀具的摩擦系数和磨损率明显高于涂层刀具的摩擦系数和磨损率,在载荷100N,转速450r/min条件下,未涂层刀具YT15的摩擦系数约为0.42,磨损率为1.4mg/h,而TiN涂层刀具YT15的摩擦系数为0.31,相比降低了25%,磨损率为1.0mg/h,相比降低了30%,TiN涂层刀具有很好的减摩抗磨作用;(2)随着载荷和转速的增加,摩擦系数呈先下降,后上升的趋势;随着载荷的增加,磨损率呈上升趋势;随着转速的增加,磨损率呈下降趋势;(3)沉积工艺相同的情况下,基体为YG6的TiN涂层刀具的磨损率要比基体为YT15的TiN涂层刀具的磨损率低30%左右。
通过TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具摩擦磨损时的SEM照片分析可知: (1)在较小载荷下,涂层摩擦面比较平坦,有较浅的犁沟状磨痕,硬质颗粒脱落形成的凹坑较小;较大载荷下,涂层摩擦面比较粗糙,磨痕为较宽且较深的犁沟,硬质颗粒脱落形成的凹坑较大,成片状脱落;(2)在低速下,涂层摩擦面非常粗糙,有较深的沟状磨痕和大量硬质颗粒脱落后残留的凹坑;在高速下,涂层摩擦面比较光洁,磨痕为较浅的犁沟,硬质颗粒脱落形成的凹坑较少,形成片状脱落的区域也比较少。TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具与淬火45#钢摩擦时的磨损机理是磨粒磨损和涂层的微剥落。
确定了转速、载荷、润滑条件、刀具种类等因素,并对其在不同水平下进行了正交分析试验,确定了硬质合金刀片材料的最佳使用条件。
TiN has many advantages, such as high hardness, high melting point, good thermal stability, excellent wear resistance and so on. In this essay, a series of TiN coated carbide tool were developed, and extensive researches were carried out on its mechanical properties, microstructure stress status and failure mechanisms.
TiN coatings were deposited onto cemented carbide and Ti interlayer using magnetron sputtering ion plating process.Results show that: the mechanical properties of TiN coating tool is superior uncoated carbide tool.
Dry friction and wear tests between TiN coated tool with quenched 45# steel at room temperature were conducted.Results showed that the friction coefficient and the wear rates of the uncoated tools were higher than TiN coatings.The friction coefficient of uncoated tools YT15 is 0.42 and the wear rate of YT15 is 1.4mg/h,therefore the fr iction coefficient of coated tool YT15 is 0.31 and the wear rate of YT15 is 1.0mg/h. The friction coefficient decreased at first and then increased with the applied load and the increase of the sliding speed.The wear rates increased with the increase of the applied load, decreased with the increase of the sliding speed.TiN coatings were better bonded to YG6 cementde carbide substrate than YT15 cemented carbide substrate under the condition of the same deposition technique.
TiN coatings were observed in an SEM during the abrasive wear tests with quenched 45# steel as counterpart.SEM observations showed that :with a lesser load, the friction surface relatively flat, with a larger load, the friction surface relatively rough; in low-speed, the friction coating is very rough, deep groove-wear track and a lot of hard particles falling after the wear, in the high-speed, the friction surface relatively smooth. Wear mechanisms of TiN coatings were mostly abrasive wear and britleness break of coating.
Determine the speed, load, lubrication style, the types of knives and other factors.Orthogonal analysis results show the best conditions of the carbide blade
以YT15和YG6硬质合金为基体和Ti为过渡层,采用磁控溅射离子镀工艺在硬质合金刀具上气相沉积上TiN涂层,并进行了摩擦磨损实验。结果表明: TiN涂层刀具的综合机械性能明显优于未涂层硬质合金刀具。
在室温干摩擦条件下对TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具进行了淬火45#钢-刀片摩擦磨损试验,得出了TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:(1)未涂层刀具的摩擦系数和磨损率明显高于涂层刀具的摩擦系数和磨损率,在载荷100N,转速450r/min条件下,未涂层刀具YT15的摩擦系数约为0.42,磨损率为1.4mg/h,而TiN涂层刀具YT15的摩擦系数为0.31,相比降低了25%,磨损率为1.0mg/h,相比降低了30%,TiN涂层刀具有很好的减摩抗磨作用;(2)随着载荷和转速的增加,摩擦系数呈先下降,后上升的趋势;随着载荷的增加,磨损率呈上升趋势;随着转速的增加,磨损率呈下降趋势;(3)沉积工艺相同的情况下,基体为YG6的TiN涂层刀具的磨损率要比基体为YT15的TiN涂层刀具的磨损率低30%左右。
通过TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具摩擦磨损时的SEM照片分析可知: (1)在较小载荷下,涂层摩擦面比较平坦,有较浅的犁沟状磨痕,硬质颗粒脱落形成的凹坑较小;较大载荷下,涂层摩擦面比较粗糙,磨痕为较宽且较深的犁沟,硬质颗粒脱落形成的凹坑较大,成片状脱落;(2)在低速下,涂层摩擦面非常粗糙,有较深的沟状磨痕和大量硬质颗粒脱落后残留的凹坑;在高速下,涂层摩擦面比较光洁,磨痕为较浅的犁沟,硬质颗粒脱落形成的凹坑较少,形成片状脱落的区域也比较少。TiN系列涂层硬质合金刀具与淬火45#钢摩擦时的磨损机理是磨粒磨损和涂层的微剥落。
确定了转速、载荷、润滑条件、刀具种类等因素,并对其在不同水平下进行了正交分析试验,确定了硬质合金刀片材料的最佳使用条件。
TiN has many advantages, such as high hardness, high melting point, good thermal stability, excellent wear resistance and so on. In this essay, a series of TiN coated carbide tool were developed, and extensive researches were carried out on its mechanical properties, microstructure stress status and failure mechanisms.
TiN coatings were deposited onto cemented carbide and Ti interlayer using magnetron sputtering ion plating process.Results show that: the mechanical properties of TiN coating tool is superior uncoated carbide tool.
Dry friction and wear tests between TiN coated tool with quenched 45# steel at room temperature were conducted.Results showed that the friction coefficient and the wear rates of the uncoated tools were higher than TiN coatings.The friction coefficient of uncoated tools YT15 is 0.42 and the wear rate of YT15 is 1.4mg/h,therefore the fr iction coefficient of coated tool YT15 is 0.31 and the wear rate of YT15 is 1.0mg/h. The friction coefficient decreased at first and then increased with the applied load and the increase of the sliding speed.The wear rates increased with the increase of the applied load, decreased with the increase of the sliding speed.TiN coatings were better bonded to YG6 cementde carbide substrate than YT15 cemented carbide substrate under the condition of the same deposition technique.
TiN coatings were observed in an SEM during the abrasive wear tests with quenched 45# steel as counterpart.SEM observations showed that :with a lesser load, the friction surface relatively flat, with a larger load, the friction surface relatively rough; in low-speed, the friction coating is very rough, deep groove-wear track and a lot of hard particles falling after the wear, in the high-speed, the friction surface relatively smooth. Wear mechanisms of TiN coatings were mostly abrasive wear and britleness break of coating.
Determine the speed, load, lubrication style, the types of knives and other factors.Orthogonal analysis results show the best conditions of the carbide blade
引文
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[3]郑立允,熊惟皓.肖建华,晏鲜梅.刀具材料表面处理的研究现状[J].金属热处理,2005,(6)
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[6]刘战强.先进刀具设计技术:刀具结构、刀具材料与涂层技术[J].航空制造技术,2006,(7):38-42.
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[9]王福贞,马文存.气象沉积应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,10
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[11]田民波,等.薄膜科学与技术手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[12]曾晓燕,等.表面工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[13]张庆.刀具材料的应用和发展[J].热处理,2006,(4):8-12
[14]王怡德.磁控溅射技术发展的历程[J].国际真空与薄膜,2004(2):14-16
[15]唐伟忠.薄膜材料制备原理、技术及应用[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003
[16]王福贞,马文存.气象沉积应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,10
[17]关奎之,等.真空镀膜技术[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2005
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[19]姜银方.现代表面工程技术[M].化学工业出版社,2006
[20]赵海波.我国刀具涂层技术现状及展望[J].表面工程资讯,2006,(2):5-8
[21]陈爱智.等离子喷涂涂层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能研究[D].洛阳:洛阳工学院硕士论文.洛阳工学院,2002:2~3
[22]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理(第2版[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:271
[23]张春红,张宁.高速钢刀具磁控溅射离子镀TiN涂层的工艺与性能研究[J].工具技术,2007,5
[24]李晖,许洪斌等.32Cr2MoV钢氮化后离子镀TiN的摩擦磨损性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2005,2
[25]雷斌,朱昱昊等.TiA1N涂层往复滑动的摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2006,6
[26]刘建华,邓建新等.ZrN/TiN复合涂层刀具的制备及其磨损性能研究[J].切削技术,2006,11
[27]何将爱,王玉玮.材料磨损与耐磨材料[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2001,~4
[28]陆剑中,孙家宁.金属切削原理与刀具[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[29]陈爱智,张永振.耐磨涂层材料摩擦磨损特性的研究进展[J].洛阳工学院学报,2001,22(2)
[30]刘家浚.材料磨损原理及其耐磨性[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991:Ⅶ~Ⅸ
[31] Pronged H G,Jamal P C,Wendt K H,et a1.A new class of high per-romance PVD coatings for carbide cutting tools[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2001,139:25—34
[32]赵文珍.材料表面工程导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:146~147
[33] Heintze G N,Uematsu S.Surface Coating and Technology,1992,50:213
[34]王福贞,马文存.气象沉积应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,10
[35]徐哲,席慧智等.磁控溅射TiN薄膜工艺参数对显微硬度的影响[J].应用科技,2007,5
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