两种颈椎后路手术方式治疗颈椎管狭窄症的疗效比较
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摘要
本研究对颈椎管狭窄症患者行颈椎后路单开门椎板扩大成形术(A组)及后路单开门椎板扩大成形联合侧块钉棒系统内固定术(B组)两种不同手术方式进行治疗,术后随访12～18个月,于手术前、后及最终随访时运用相同的临床疗效评分及影像学评价标准,结果显示:手术后两组患者的临床症状均有明显改善,两组患者的早期疗效无明显差别,但B组患者长期的颈椎稳定性明显高于A组,并且B组患者轴性症状的发生率也相对降低。然而,B组术式由于增加了手术步骤,所以平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、手术并发症及风险、手术费用等指标都超过了A组。
本文就颈椎管狭窄症患者在行后路单开门椎板扩大成形术的同时是否应该联合侧块钉棒系统内固定术进行分析和讨论。结果表明,联合与不联合各有其优点和缺点,并且有各自的适应证。而联合侧块钉棒系统固定术可为患者提供长期可靠的颈椎稳定性,有效防止颈椎生理曲度异常和轴性症状的发生。在临床治疗中,应以患者的年龄、身体状况、临床症状与体征、影像学资料为依据,有针对性的选择有效的手术方式,最大限度的减轻患者的痛苦。
Objective: It has been reported that cervical open-door laminoplasty can cause degree of cervical curve straightened or even kyphotic malformation to a certain extent. In addition, it can also leave long term axial symptoms. However, combining screw-rod fixation system can effectively stop cervical vertebae from instability along with prevent degree of cervical curve from straightening. In this study, the focus is to compare the clinical effectiveness of the two different therapy for treating degenerative cervical spinal stenosis.
Methods:To review all 87 patients with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis who have had the operation. To separate those patients into two groups based on the type of operation i.e. Group A (non-fixation 40 patients) and Group B (fixation 47 patients). To analyze statistically using the identical clinical outcome & image measurement evaluation standard before and after the operation on the patient as well as following up.
Results:RIS after surgery for Group A (non-fixation) is 53.2±19.81% and for Group B (fixation) is 61.16±15.08% , at the follow-up point JOA score for Group A is 12.41±4.21, and for Group B is 12.36±3.77(P=0.326>0.05). Incidence rate of axial symptoms for Group A is 37.5% and for Group B is 27.7% (P=0.015<0.05). Incidence rate of kyphotic malformation for Group A is 40% and for Group B is 12.8%(P=0.006<0.05). The reduced amount of ROM for Group A averaged at 6.8±10.5 and for Group B averaged at 8.2±11.3(P>0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence rate of axial symptoms reduced as a result of combining open-door laminoplasty & lateral mass screw-rod fixation system in contrast with only open-door laminoplasty. Even to certain degree there was some loss on ROM of the patient after lateral mass screw-rod fixation, however, it gives a great sense of powerful support to the cervical vertebrae after the surgery which lowered the rate of cervical vertebrae instability from happening, hence benefiting the patient in the long run with regards to the living quality.
本文就颈椎管狭窄症患者在行后路单开门椎板扩大成形术的同时是否应该联合侧块钉棒系统内固定术进行分析和讨论。结果表明,联合与不联合各有其优点和缺点,并且有各自的适应证。而联合侧块钉棒系统固定术可为患者提供长期可靠的颈椎稳定性,有效防止颈椎生理曲度异常和轴性症状的发生。在临床治疗中,应以患者的年龄、身体状况、临床症状与体征、影像学资料为依据,有针对性的选择有效的手术方式,最大限度的减轻患者的痛苦。
Objective: It has been reported that cervical open-door laminoplasty can cause degree of cervical curve straightened or even kyphotic malformation to a certain extent. In addition, it can also leave long term axial symptoms. However, combining screw-rod fixation system can effectively stop cervical vertebae from instability along with prevent degree of cervical curve from straightening. In this study, the focus is to compare the clinical effectiveness of the two different therapy for treating degenerative cervical spinal stenosis.
Methods:To review all 87 patients with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis who have had the operation. To separate those patients into two groups based on the type of operation i.e. Group A (non-fixation 40 patients) and Group B (fixation 47 patients). To analyze statistically using the identical clinical outcome & image measurement evaluation standard before and after the operation on the patient as well as following up.
Results:RIS after surgery for Group A (non-fixation) is 53.2±19.81% and for Group B (fixation) is 61.16±15.08% , at the follow-up point JOA score for Group A is 12.41±4.21, and for Group B is 12.36±3.77(P=0.326>0.05). Incidence rate of axial symptoms for Group A is 37.5% and for Group B is 27.7% (P=0.015<0.05). Incidence rate of kyphotic malformation for Group A is 40% and for Group B is 12.8%(P=0.006<0.05). The reduced amount of ROM for Group A averaged at 6.8±10.5 and for Group B averaged at 8.2±11.3(P>0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence rate of axial symptoms reduced as a result of combining open-door laminoplasty & lateral mass screw-rod fixation system in contrast with only open-door laminoplasty. Even to certain degree there was some loss on ROM of the patient after lateral mass screw-rod fixation, however, it gives a great sense of powerful support to the cervical vertebrae after the surgery which lowered the rate of cervical vertebrae instability from happening, hence benefiting the patient in the long run with regards to the living quality.
引文
[1]Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: Mr imaging[J]. Radiology, 1987, 164(1):83-88.
[2]Patil PG, Turner DA, Pietrobon R. National trends in surgical procedures for degenerative cervical spine disease: 1990-2000[J]. Neurosurgery, 2005, 57(4):753-758; discussion 753-758.
[3]Gomez MA, Jones JC, Broadstone RV, Inzana KD, Freeman LE. Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs[J]. Am J Vet Res, 2005, 66(12):2039-2045.
[4]Chiles BW, 3rd, Leonard MA, Choudhri HF, Cooper PR. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Patterns of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):762-769; discu- ssion 769-770.
[5]White AA, 3rd, Panjabi MM. Biomechanical considerations in the surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1988, 13(7):856-860.
[6]Edwards CC, 2nd, Riew KD, Anderson PA, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AF. Cervical myelopathy. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies[J]. Spine J, 2003, 3(1):68-81.
[7]Bednarik J, Kadanka Z, Dusek L, et al. Presymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2260-2269.
[8]Crandall PH, Batzdorf U. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. J Neurosurg, 1966, 25(1):57-66.
[9]李杰,胡有谷,刘宗礼,潭江威.颈椎侧位x线片测量评估退行性颈椎管狭窄[J].中华骨科杂志, 2002, 22(3):145-149.
[10]Morishita Y, Naito M, Hymanson H, Miyazaki M, Wu G, Wang JC. The relationship between the cervical spinal canal diameter and the pathological changes in the cervical spine[J]. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(6):877-883.
[11]Torg JS, Pavlov H, Genuario SE, et al. Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986, 68(9):1354-1370.
[12]Bensch FV, Koivikko MP, Kiuru MJ, Koskinen SK. Measurement of spinal canal narrowing, interpedicular widening, and vertebral compression in spinal burst fractures: Plain radiographs versus multidetector computed tomography[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(9):887-893.
[13]Baron EM, Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A brief review of its pathophysiology, clinical course, and diagnosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:35-41.
[14]Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001,26(13):E294-299.
[15]Gonzalez AA, Jeyanandarajan D, Hansen C, Zada G, Hsieh PC. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spine surgery: A review[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(4):E6.
[16]Kombos T, Süss O. Neurophysiological basis of direct cortical stimulation and applied neuroanatomy of the motor cortex: A review[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(4):E3.
[17]Resnick DK, Anderson PA, Kaiser MG, et al. Electrophysiological monitoring during surgery for cervical degenerative myelopathy and radiculopathy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2009, 11(2):245-252.
[18]Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine, 2001, 26(294-9).
[19]Simo M, Szirmai I, Aranyi Z. Superior sensitivity of motor over somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2004, 11(9):621-626.
[20]Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednanik J, et al. Approaches to spondylotic cervical myelopathy: Conservative versus surgical results in a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(20):2205-2210; discussion 2210-2201.
[21]Sampath P, Bendebba M, Davis JD, Ducker TB. Outcome of patients treated for cervical myelopathy. A prospective, multicenter study with independent clinical review[J]. Spine, 2000, 25:670-676.
[22]Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for mild forms of spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):16-24.
[23]Mazanec D, Reddy A, ;60:43–50. Medical management of cervical spondylosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:43-50.
[24]Lesoin F, Bouasakao N, Clarisse J, Rousseaux M, Jomin M. Results of surgical treatment of radiculomyelopathy caused by cervical arthrosis based on 1000 operations[J]. Surg Neurol, 1985, 23(4):350-355.
[25]Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):55-63.
[26]Wada E, Suzuki S, Kanazawa A, Matsuoka T, Miyamoto S, Yonenobu K. Subtotal corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A long-term follow-up study over 10 years[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(13):1443-1447; discussion 1448.
[27]Sevki K, Mehmet T, Ufuk T, Azmi H, Mercan S, Erkal B. Results of surgical treatment for degenerative cervical myelopathy: Anterior cervical corpectomy and stabilization[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(22):2493-2500.
[28]Bailes JE. Experience with cervical stenosis and temporary paralysis in athletes[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2005, 2(1):11-16.
[29]Matsumoto M, Chiba K, Ishikawa M, Maruiwa H, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y. Relationships between outcomes of conservative treatment and magneticresonance imaging findings in patients with mild cervical myelopathy caused by soft disc herniations[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(14):1592-1598.
[30]Witwer BP, Trost GR. Cervical spondylosis: Ventral or dorsal surgery[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S130-136.
[31]Thome C, Leheta O, Krauss JK, Zevgaridis D. A prospective randomized comparison of rectangular titanium cage fusion and iliac crest autograft fusion in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2006, 4(1):1-9.
[32]Douglas AF, Cooper PR. Cervical corpectomy and strut grafting[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S137-142.
[33]Nabhan A, Ahlhelm F, Shariat K, et al. The prodisc-c prosthesis: Clinical and radiological experience 1 year after surgery[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(18):1935-1941.
[34]Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Zdeblick TA. Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: A randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2007, 6(3):198-209.
[35]Sodeyama T, Goto S, Mochizuki M, Takahashi J, Moriya H. Effect of decompression enlargement laminoplasty for posterior shifting of the spinal cord[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999, 24(15):1527-1531; discussion 1531-1522.
[36]Suda K, Abumi K, Ito M, Shono Y, Kaneda K, Fujiya M. Local kyphosis reduces surgical outcomes of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervicalspondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(12):1258-1262.
[37]Hyun SJ, Rhim SC, Roh SW, Kang SH, Riew KD. The time course of range of motion loss after cervical laminoplasty: A prospective study with minimum two-year follow-up[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(11):1134-1139.
[38]Subramaniam V, Chamberlain RH, Theodore N, et al. Biomechanical effects of laminoplasty versus laminectomy: Stenosis and stability[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(16):E573-578.
[39]Kim JS, Jung B, Arbatti N, Lee SH. Surgical experience of unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression (ulbd) of ossified ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine[J]. Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2009, 52(2):74-78.
[40]Kumar VG, Rea GL, Mervis LJ, McGregor JM. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):771-777; discussion 777-778.
[41]Houten JK, Cooper PR. Laminectomy and posterior cervical plating for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Effects on cervical alignment, spinal cord compression, and neurological outcome[J]. Neurosurgery, 2003, 52(5):1081-1087; discussion 1087-1088.
[42]Maurer PK, Ellenbogen RG, Ecklund J, Simonds GR, van Dam B, Ondra SL. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Treatment with posterior decompression and luque rectangle bone fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1991, 28(5):680-683; discussion 683-684.
[43]Epstein NE. Laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spondylosis, ossification of the yellow ligament, stenosis, and instability: A study of 5 patients[J]. J Spinal Disord, 1999, 12(6):461-466.
[44]Edwards CC, 2nd, Heller JG, Murakami H. Corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: An independent matched-cohort analysis[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(11):1168-1175.
[45]Kim SH, Shin DA, Yi S, Yoon do H, Kim KN, Shin HC. Early results from posterior cervical fusion with a screw-rod system[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(3):440-448.
[46]Heller JG, Silcox DH, 3rd, Sutterlin CE, 3rd. Complications of posterior cervical plating[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1995, 20(22):2442-2448.
[47]Graham AW, Swank ML, Kinard RE, Lowery GL, Dials BE. Posterior cervical arthrodesis and stabilization with a lateral mass plate. Clinical and computed tomographic evaluation of lateral mass screw placement and associated complications[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(3):323-328; discussion 329.
[48]Hwang IC, Kang DH, Han JW, Park IS, Lee CH, Park SY. Clinical experiences and usefulness of cervical posterior stabilization with polyaxial screw-rod system[J]. J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 2007, 42(4):311-316.
[49]Abumi K, Kaneda K, Shono Y, Fujiya M. One-stage posterior decompression and reconstruction of the cervical spine by using pedicle screw fixation systems[J]. J Neurosurg, 1999, 90(1 Suppl):19-26.
[50]Sani S, Ratliff JK, Cooper PR. A critical review of cervical laminoplasty[J]. Neurosurgery Quarterly, 2004, 14(1):5-16.
1. Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: Mr imaging[J]. Radiology, 1987, 164(1):83-88.
2. Patil PG, Turner DA, Pietrobon R. National trends in surgical procedures for degenerative cervical spine disease: 1990-2000[J]. Neurosurgery, 2005,
57(4):753-758; discussion 753-758.
3. Gomez MA, Jones JC, Broadstone RV, Inzana KD, Freeman LE. Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs[J]. Am J Vet Res, 2005, 66(12):2039-2045.
4. Chiles BW, 3rd, Leonard MA, Choudhri HF, Cooper PR. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Patterns of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):762-769; discussion 769-770.
5. White AA, 3rd, Panjabi MM. Biomechanical considerations in the surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1988, 13(7):856-860.
6. Edwards CC, 2nd, Riew KD, Anderson PA, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AF. Cervical myelopathy. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies[J]. Spine J, 2003, 3(1):68-81.
7. Bednarik J, Kadanka Z, Dusek L, et al. Presymptomatic spondylotic cervicalcord compression[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2260-2269.
8. Crandall PH, Batzdorf U. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. J Neurosurg, 1966, 25(1):57-66.
9.李杰,胡有谷,刘宗礼,潭江威.颈椎侧位x线片测量评估退行性颈椎管狭窄[J].中华骨科杂志, 2002, 22(3):145-149.
10. Morishita Y, Naito M, Hymanson H, Miyazaki M, Wu G, Wang JC. The relationship between the cervical spinal canal diameter and the pathological changes in the cervical spine[J]. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(6):877-883.
11. Torg JS, Pavlov H, Genuario SE, et al. Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986, 68(9):1354-1370.
12. Bensch FV, Koivikko MP, Kiuru MJ, Koskinen SK. Measurement of spinal canal narrowing, interpedicular widening, and vertebral compression in spinal burst fractures: Plain radiographs versus multidetector computed tomography[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(9):887-893.
13. Baron EM, Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A brief review of its pathophysiology, clinical course, and diagnosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:35-41.
14. Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(13):E294-299.
15. Gonzalez AA, Jeyanandarajan D, Hansen C, Zada G, Hsieh PC. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spine surgery: A review[J]. NeurosurgFocus, 2009, 27(4):E6.
16. Kombos T, Süss O. Neurophysiological basis of direct cortical stimulation and applied neuroanatomy of the motor cortex: A review[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(4):E3.
17. Resnick DK, Anderson PA, Kaiser MG, et al. Electrophysiological monitoring during surgery for cervical degenerative myelopathy and radiculopathy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2009, 11(2):245-252.
18. Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine, 2001, 26(294-9).
19. Simo M, Szirmai I, Aranyi Z. Superior sensitivity of motor over somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2004, 11(9):621-626.
20. Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednanik J, et al. Approaches to spondylotic cervical myelopathy: Conservative versus surgical results in a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(20):2205-2210; discussion 2210-2201.
21. Sampath P, Bendebba M, Davis JD, Ducker TB. Outcome of patients treated for cervical myelopathy. A prospective, multicenter study with independent clinical review[J]. Spine, 2000, 25:670-676.
22. Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for mild forms of spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):16-24.
23. Mazanec D, Reddy A, ;60:43–50. Medical management of cervical spondylosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:43-50.
24. Lesoin F, Bouasakao N, Clarisse J, Rousseaux M, Jomin M. Results of surgical treatment of radiculomyelopathy caused by cervical arthrosis based on 1000 operations[J]. Surg Neurol, 1985, 23(4):350-355.
25. Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):55-63.
26. Wada E, Suzuki S, Kanazawa A, Matsuoka T, Miyamoto S, Yonenobu K. Subtotal corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A long-term follow-up study over 10 years[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(13):1443-1447; discussion 1448.
27. Sevki K, Mehmet T, Ufuk T, Azmi H, Mercan S, Erkal B. Results of surgical treatment for degenerative cervical myelopathy: Anterior cervical corpectomy and stabilization[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(22):2493-2500.
28. Bailes JE. Experience with cervical stenosis and temporary paralysis in athletes[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2005, 2(1):11-16.
29. Matsumoto M, Chiba K, Ishikawa M, Maruiwa H, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y. Relationships between outcomes of conservative treatment and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with mild cervical myelopathy caused by soft disc herniations[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(14):1592-1598.
30. Witwer BP, Trost GR. Cervical spondylosis: Ventral or dorsal surgery[J].Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S130-136.
31. Thome C, Leheta O, Krauss JK, Zevgaridis D. A prospective randomized comparison of rectangular titanium cage fusion and iliac crest autograft fusion in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2006, 4(1):1-9.
32. Douglas AF, Cooper PR. Cervical corpectomy and strut grafting[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S137-142.
33. Nabhan A, Ahlhelm F, Shariat K, et al. The prodisc-c prosthesis: Clinical and radiological experience 1 year after surgery[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(18):1935-1941.
34. Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Zdeblick TA. Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: A randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2007, 6(3):198-209.
35. Sodeyama T, Goto S, Mochizuki M, Takahashi J, Moriya H. Effect of decompression enlargement laminoplasty for posterior shifting of the spinal cord[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999, 24(15):1527-1531; discussion 1531-1522.
36. Suda K, Abumi K, Ito M, Shono Y, Kaneda K, Fujiya M. Local kyphosis reduces surgical outcomes of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(12):1258-1262.
37. Hyun SJ, Rhim SC, Roh SW, Kang SH, Riew KD. The time course of range of motion loss after cervical laminoplasty: A prospective study with minimum
two-year follow-up[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(11):1134-1139.
38. Subramaniam V, Chamberlain RH, Theodore N, et al. Biomechanical effects of laminoplasty versus laminectomy: Stenosis and stability[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(16):E573-578.
39. Kim JS, Jung B, Arbatti N, Lee SH. Surgical experience of unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression (ulbd) of ossified ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine[J]. Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2009, 52(2):74-78.
40. Kumar VG, Rea GL, Mervis LJ, McGregor JM. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):771-777; discussion 777-778.
41. Houten JK, Cooper PR. Laminectomy and posterior cervical plating for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Effects on cervical alignment, spinal cord compression, and neurological outcome[J]. Neurosurgery, 2003, 52(5):1081-1087; discussion 1087-1088.
42. Maurer PK, Ellenbogen RG, Ecklund J, Simonds GR, van Dam B, Ondra SL. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Treatment with posterior decompression and luque rectangle bone fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1991, 28(5):680-683; discussion 683-684.
43. Epstein NE. Laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spondylosis, ossification of the yellow ligament, stenosis, and instability: A study of 5 patients[J]. J SpinalDisord, 1999, 12(6):461-466.
44. Edwards CC, 2nd, Heller JG, Murakami H. Corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: An independent matched-cohort analysis[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(11):1168-1175.
45. Kim SH, Shin DA, Yi S, Yoon do H, Kim KN, Shin HC. Early results from posterior cervical fusion with a screw-rod system[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(3):440-448.
46. Heller JG, Silcox DH, 3rd, Sutterlin CE, 3rd. Complications of posterior cervical plating[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1995, 20(22):2442-2448.
47. Graham AW, Swank ML, Kinard RE, Lowery GL, Dials BE. Posterior cervical arthrodesis and stabilization with a lateral mass plate. Clinical and computed tomographic evaluation of lateral mass screw placement and associated complications[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(3):323-328; discussion 329.
48. Hwang IC, Kang DH, Han JW, Park IS, Lee CH, Park SY. Clinical experiences and usefulness of cervical posterior stabilization with polyaxial screw-rod system[J]. J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 2007, 42(4):311-316.
49. Abumi K, Kaneda K, Shono Y, Fujiya M. One-stage posterior decompression and reconstruction of the cervical spine by using pedicle screw fixation systems[J]. J Neurosurg, 1999, 90(1 Suppl):19-26.
50. Sani S, Ratliff JK, Cooper PR. A critical review of cervical laminoplasty[J]. Neurosurgery Quarterly, 2004, 14(1):5-16.
51.曾岩,党耕町,马庆军.颈椎前路术后融合节段曲度变化与轴性症状和神经功能的相关性研究[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2004, 14(9):520-523.
52. Nishituzi T. Roentgenographic studies on the cervical spine of patients with cervico-omo-brachial syndrome[J]. Cent Jpn J Orthop Traumat, 1963, 7(6):890-917.
53.占蓓蕾,叶舟.颈椎后路术后颈椎曲度不良与疗效的相关性[J].解剖与临床, 2008, 13(4):250-253.
54. Matsumoto M, Watanabe K, Tsuji T, et al. Risk factors for closure of lamina after open-door laminoplasty[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 9(6):530-537.
55.潘胜发,孙宇,朱振军,陈景春,刘忠军,蔡钦林.单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术后轴性症状与颈椎稳定性的相关观察[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2003, 13(10):604-607.
56.陈维善,陈其昕,王性力.颈椎后路单开门手术对颈椎三维运动及刚性的影响[J].中华骨科杂志, 2001, 21(4):213-217.
57.金毅,赵炬才,刘珂.颈椎后路单开门加侧块内固定治疗椎管狭窄伴颈椎不稳定疗效观察[J].中华实用诊断与治疗杂志, 2009, 24(2):184-185.
58. Liu Y, Hu JH, Yu KY. Pedicle screw fixation for cervical spine instability: Clinical efficacy and safety analysis[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2009, 122(17):1985-1989.
59. Matsumura A, Yanaka K, Akutsu H, Noguchi S, Moritake T, Nose T. Combined laminoplasty with posterior lateral mass plate for unstable spondylotic cervical canal stenosis--technical note[J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 2003, 43(10):514-519; discussion 519.
60. Kawaguchi Y, Matsui H, Ishihara H, Gejo R, Yoshino O. Axial symptoms after en bloc cervical laminoplasty[J]. J Spinal Disord, 1999, 12(5):392-395.
61. Wang JM, Roh KJ, Kim DJ, Kim DW. A new method of stabilising the elevated laminae in open-door laminoplasty using an anchor system[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1998, 80(6):1005-1008.
62.王少波,蔡钦林,党耕町,李迈,王立舜,张凤山.单开门颈椎椎管扩大成型术的远期疗效观察[J].中华骨科杂志, 1999, 19(9):519-521.
[2]Patil PG, Turner DA, Pietrobon R. National trends in surgical procedures for degenerative cervical spine disease: 1990-2000[J]. Neurosurgery, 2005, 57(4):753-758; discussion 753-758.
[3]Gomez MA, Jones JC, Broadstone RV, Inzana KD, Freeman LE. Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs[J]. Am J Vet Res, 2005, 66(12):2039-2045.
[4]Chiles BW, 3rd, Leonard MA, Choudhri HF, Cooper PR. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Patterns of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):762-769; discu- ssion 769-770.
[5]White AA, 3rd, Panjabi MM. Biomechanical considerations in the surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1988, 13(7):856-860.
[6]Edwards CC, 2nd, Riew KD, Anderson PA, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AF. Cervical myelopathy. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies[J]. Spine J, 2003, 3(1):68-81.
[7]Bednarik J, Kadanka Z, Dusek L, et al. Presymptomatic spondylotic cervical cord compression[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2260-2269.
[8]Crandall PH, Batzdorf U. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. J Neurosurg, 1966, 25(1):57-66.
[9]李杰,胡有谷,刘宗礼,潭江威.颈椎侧位x线片测量评估退行性颈椎管狭窄[J].中华骨科杂志, 2002, 22(3):145-149.
[10]Morishita Y, Naito M, Hymanson H, Miyazaki M, Wu G, Wang JC. The relationship between the cervical spinal canal diameter and the pathological changes in the cervical spine[J]. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(6):877-883.
[11]Torg JS, Pavlov H, Genuario SE, et al. Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986, 68(9):1354-1370.
[12]Bensch FV, Koivikko MP, Kiuru MJ, Koskinen SK. Measurement of spinal canal narrowing, interpedicular widening, and vertebral compression in spinal burst fractures: Plain radiographs versus multidetector computed tomography[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(9):887-893.
[13]Baron EM, Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A brief review of its pathophysiology, clinical course, and diagnosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:35-41.
[14]Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001,26(13):E294-299.
[15]Gonzalez AA, Jeyanandarajan D, Hansen C, Zada G, Hsieh PC. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spine surgery: A review[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(4):E6.
[16]Kombos T, Süss O. Neurophysiological basis of direct cortical stimulation and applied neuroanatomy of the motor cortex: A review[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(4):E3.
[17]Resnick DK, Anderson PA, Kaiser MG, et al. Electrophysiological monitoring during surgery for cervical degenerative myelopathy and radiculopathy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2009, 11(2):245-252.
[18]Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine, 2001, 26(294-9).
[19]Simo M, Szirmai I, Aranyi Z. Superior sensitivity of motor over somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2004, 11(9):621-626.
[20]Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednanik J, et al. Approaches to spondylotic cervical myelopathy: Conservative versus surgical results in a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(20):2205-2210; discussion 2210-2201.
[21]Sampath P, Bendebba M, Davis JD, Ducker TB. Outcome of patients treated for cervical myelopathy. A prospective, multicenter study with independent clinical review[J]. Spine, 2000, 25:670-676.
[22]Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for mild forms of spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):16-24.
[23]Mazanec D, Reddy A, ;60:43–50. Medical management of cervical spondylosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:43-50.
[24]Lesoin F, Bouasakao N, Clarisse J, Rousseaux M, Jomin M. Results of surgical treatment of radiculomyelopathy caused by cervical arthrosis based on 1000 operations[J]. Surg Neurol, 1985, 23(4):350-355.
[25]Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):55-63.
[26]Wada E, Suzuki S, Kanazawa A, Matsuoka T, Miyamoto S, Yonenobu K. Subtotal corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A long-term follow-up study over 10 years[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(13):1443-1447; discussion 1448.
[27]Sevki K, Mehmet T, Ufuk T, Azmi H, Mercan S, Erkal B. Results of surgical treatment for degenerative cervical myelopathy: Anterior cervical corpectomy and stabilization[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(22):2493-2500.
[28]Bailes JE. Experience with cervical stenosis and temporary paralysis in athletes[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2005, 2(1):11-16.
[29]Matsumoto M, Chiba K, Ishikawa M, Maruiwa H, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y. Relationships between outcomes of conservative treatment and magneticresonance imaging findings in patients with mild cervical myelopathy caused by soft disc herniations[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(14):1592-1598.
[30]Witwer BP, Trost GR. Cervical spondylosis: Ventral or dorsal surgery[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S130-136.
[31]Thome C, Leheta O, Krauss JK, Zevgaridis D. A prospective randomized comparison of rectangular titanium cage fusion and iliac crest autograft fusion in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2006, 4(1):1-9.
[32]Douglas AF, Cooper PR. Cervical corpectomy and strut grafting[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S137-142.
[33]Nabhan A, Ahlhelm F, Shariat K, et al. The prodisc-c prosthesis: Clinical and radiological experience 1 year after surgery[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(18):1935-1941.
[34]Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Zdeblick TA. Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: A randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2007, 6(3):198-209.
[35]Sodeyama T, Goto S, Mochizuki M, Takahashi J, Moriya H. Effect of decompression enlargement laminoplasty for posterior shifting of the spinal cord[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999, 24(15):1527-1531; discussion 1531-1522.
[36]Suda K, Abumi K, Ito M, Shono Y, Kaneda K, Fujiya M. Local kyphosis reduces surgical outcomes of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervicalspondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(12):1258-1262.
[37]Hyun SJ, Rhim SC, Roh SW, Kang SH, Riew KD. The time course of range of motion loss after cervical laminoplasty: A prospective study with minimum two-year follow-up[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(11):1134-1139.
[38]Subramaniam V, Chamberlain RH, Theodore N, et al. Biomechanical effects of laminoplasty versus laminectomy: Stenosis and stability[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(16):E573-578.
[39]Kim JS, Jung B, Arbatti N, Lee SH. Surgical experience of unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression (ulbd) of ossified ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine[J]. Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2009, 52(2):74-78.
[40]Kumar VG, Rea GL, Mervis LJ, McGregor JM. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):771-777; discussion 777-778.
[41]Houten JK, Cooper PR. Laminectomy and posterior cervical plating for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Effects on cervical alignment, spinal cord compression, and neurological outcome[J]. Neurosurgery, 2003, 52(5):1081-1087; discussion 1087-1088.
[42]Maurer PK, Ellenbogen RG, Ecklund J, Simonds GR, van Dam B, Ondra SL. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Treatment with posterior decompression and luque rectangle bone fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1991, 28(5):680-683; discussion 683-684.
[43]Epstein NE. Laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spondylosis, ossification of the yellow ligament, stenosis, and instability: A study of 5 patients[J]. J Spinal Disord, 1999, 12(6):461-466.
[44]Edwards CC, 2nd, Heller JG, Murakami H. Corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: An independent matched-cohort analysis[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(11):1168-1175.
[45]Kim SH, Shin DA, Yi S, Yoon do H, Kim KN, Shin HC. Early results from posterior cervical fusion with a screw-rod system[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(3):440-448.
[46]Heller JG, Silcox DH, 3rd, Sutterlin CE, 3rd. Complications of posterior cervical plating[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1995, 20(22):2442-2448.
[47]Graham AW, Swank ML, Kinard RE, Lowery GL, Dials BE. Posterior cervical arthrodesis and stabilization with a lateral mass plate. Clinical and computed tomographic evaluation of lateral mass screw placement and associated complications[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(3):323-328; discussion 329.
[48]Hwang IC, Kang DH, Han JW, Park IS, Lee CH, Park SY. Clinical experiences and usefulness of cervical posterior stabilization with polyaxial screw-rod system[J]. J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 2007, 42(4):311-316.
[49]Abumi K, Kaneda K, Shono Y, Fujiya M. One-stage posterior decompression and reconstruction of the cervical spine by using pedicle screw fixation systems[J]. J Neurosurg, 1999, 90(1 Suppl):19-26.
[50]Sani S, Ratliff JK, Cooper PR. A critical review of cervical laminoplasty[J]. Neurosurgery Quarterly, 2004, 14(1):5-16.
1. Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: Mr imaging[J]. Radiology, 1987, 164(1):83-88.
2. Patil PG, Turner DA, Pietrobon R. National trends in surgical procedures for degenerative cervical spine disease: 1990-2000[J]. Neurosurgery, 2005,
57(4):753-758; discussion 753-758.
3. Gomez MA, Jones JC, Broadstone RV, Inzana KD, Freeman LE. Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs[J]. Am J Vet Res, 2005, 66(12):2039-2045.
4. Chiles BW, 3rd, Leonard MA, Choudhri HF, Cooper PR. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Patterns of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):762-769; discussion 769-770.
5. White AA, 3rd, Panjabi MM. Biomechanical considerations in the surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1988, 13(7):856-860.
6. Edwards CC, 2nd, Riew KD, Anderson PA, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AF. Cervical myelopathy. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies[J]. Spine J, 2003, 3(1):68-81.
7. Bednarik J, Kadanka Z, Dusek L, et al. Presymptomatic spondylotic cervicalcord compression[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2260-2269.
8. Crandall PH, Batzdorf U. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. J Neurosurg, 1966, 25(1):57-66.
9.李杰,胡有谷,刘宗礼,潭江威.颈椎侧位x线片测量评估退行性颈椎管狭窄[J].中华骨科杂志, 2002, 22(3):145-149.
10. Morishita Y, Naito M, Hymanson H, Miyazaki M, Wu G, Wang JC. The relationship between the cervical spinal canal diameter and the pathological changes in the cervical spine[J]. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(6):877-883.
11. Torg JS, Pavlov H, Genuario SE, et al. Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986, 68(9):1354-1370.
12. Bensch FV, Koivikko MP, Kiuru MJ, Koskinen SK. Measurement of spinal canal narrowing, interpedicular widening, and vertebral compression in spinal burst fractures: Plain radiographs versus multidetector computed tomography[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(9):887-893.
13. Baron EM, Young WF. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A brief review of its pathophysiology, clinical course, and diagnosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:35-41.
14. Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(13):E294-299.
15. Gonzalez AA, Jeyanandarajan D, Hansen C, Zada G, Hsieh PC. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spine surgery: A review[J]. NeurosurgFocus, 2009, 27(4):E6.
16. Kombos T, Süss O. Neurophysiological basis of direct cortical stimulation and applied neuroanatomy of the motor cortex: A review[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(4):E3.
17. Resnick DK, Anderson PA, Kaiser MG, et al. Electrophysiological monitoring during surgery for cervical degenerative myelopathy and radiculopathy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2009, 11(2):245-252.
18. Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kaneko K, Fuchigami Y, Yonemura H, Kawai S. A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine, 2001, 26(294-9).
19. Simo M, Szirmai I, Aranyi Z. Superior sensitivity of motor over somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2004, 11(9):621-626.
20. Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednanik J, et al. Approaches to spondylotic cervical myelopathy: Conservative versus surgical results in a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(20):2205-2210; discussion 2210-2201.
21. Sampath P, Bendebba M, Davis JD, Ducker TB. Outcome of patients treated for cervical myelopathy. A prospective, multicenter study with independent clinical review[J]. Spine, 2000, 25:670-676.
22. Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for mild forms of spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):16-24.
23. Mazanec D, Reddy A, ;60:43–50. Medical management of cervical spondylosis[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60:43-50.
24. Lesoin F, Bouasakao N, Clarisse J, Rousseaux M, Jomin M. Results of surgical treatment of radiculomyelopathy caused by cervical arthrosis based on 1000 operations[J]. Surg Neurol, 1985, 23(4):350-355.
25. Kadanka Z, Mares M, Bednarik J, et al. Predictive factors for spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2005, 12(1):55-63.
26. Wada E, Suzuki S, Kanazawa A, Matsuoka T, Miyamoto S, Yonenobu K. Subtotal corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A long-term follow-up study over 10 years[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(13):1443-1447; discussion 1448.
27. Sevki K, Mehmet T, Ufuk T, Azmi H, Mercan S, Erkal B. Results of surgical treatment for degenerative cervical myelopathy: Anterior cervical corpectomy and stabilization[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(22):2493-2500.
28. Bailes JE. Experience with cervical stenosis and temporary paralysis in athletes[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2005, 2(1):11-16.
29. Matsumoto M, Chiba K, Ishikawa M, Maruiwa H, Fujimura Y, Toyama Y. Relationships between outcomes of conservative treatment and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with mild cervical myelopathy caused by soft disc herniations[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001, 26(14):1592-1598.
30. Witwer BP, Trost GR. Cervical spondylosis: Ventral or dorsal surgery[J].Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S130-136.
31. Thome C, Leheta O, Krauss JK, Zevgaridis D. A prospective randomized comparison of rectangular titanium cage fusion and iliac crest autograft fusion in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2006, 4(1):1-9.
32. Douglas AF, Cooper PR. Cervical corpectomy and strut grafting[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007, 60(1 Supp1 1):S137-142.
33. Nabhan A, Ahlhelm F, Shariat K, et al. The prodisc-c prosthesis: Clinical and radiological experience 1 year after surgery[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(18):1935-1941.
34. Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Zdeblick TA. Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: A randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2007, 6(3):198-209.
35. Sodeyama T, Goto S, Mochizuki M, Takahashi J, Moriya H. Effect of decompression enlargement laminoplasty for posterior shifting of the spinal cord[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999, 24(15):1527-1531; discussion 1531-1522.
36. Suda K, Abumi K, Ito M, Shono Y, Kaneda K, Fujiya M. Local kyphosis reduces surgical outcomes of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(12):1258-1262.
37. Hyun SJ, Rhim SC, Roh SW, Kang SH, Riew KD. The time course of range of motion loss after cervical laminoplasty: A prospective study with minimum
two-year follow-up[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(11):1134-1139.
38. Subramaniam V, Chamberlain RH, Theodore N, et al. Biomechanical effects of laminoplasty versus laminectomy: Stenosis and stability[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(16):E573-578.
39. Kim JS, Jung B, Arbatti N, Lee SH. Surgical experience of unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression (ulbd) of ossified ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine[J]. Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2009, 52(2):74-78.
40. Kumar VG, Rea GL, Mervis LJ, McGregor JM. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1999, 44(4):771-777; discussion 777-778.
41. Houten JK, Cooper PR. Laminectomy and posterior cervical plating for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Effects on cervical alignment, spinal cord compression, and neurological outcome[J]. Neurosurgery, 2003, 52(5):1081-1087; discussion 1087-1088.
42. Maurer PK, Ellenbogen RG, Ecklund J, Simonds GR, van Dam B, Ondra SL. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Treatment with posterior decompression and luque rectangle bone fusion[J]. Neurosurgery, 1991, 28(5):680-683; discussion 683-684.
43. Epstein NE. Laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spondylosis, ossification of the yellow ligament, stenosis, and instability: A study of 5 patients[J]. J SpinalDisord, 1999, 12(6):461-466.
44. Edwards CC, 2nd, Heller JG, Murakami H. Corpectomy versus laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: An independent matched-cohort analysis[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002, 27(11):1168-1175.
45. Kim SH, Shin DA, Yi S, Yoon do H, Kim KN, Shin HC. Early results from posterior cervical fusion with a screw-rod system[J]. Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(3):440-448.
46. Heller JG, Silcox DH, 3rd, Sutterlin CE, 3rd. Complications of posterior cervical plating[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1995, 20(22):2442-2448.
47. Graham AW, Swank ML, Kinard RE, Lowery GL, Dials BE. Posterior cervical arthrodesis and stabilization with a lateral mass plate. Clinical and computed tomographic evaluation of lateral mass screw placement and associated complications[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996, 21(3):323-328; discussion 329.
48. Hwang IC, Kang DH, Han JW, Park IS, Lee CH, Park SY. Clinical experiences and usefulness of cervical posterior stabilization with polyaxial screw-rod system[J]. J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 2007, 42(4):311-316.
49. Abumi K, Kaneda K, Shono Y, Fujiya M. One-stage posterior decompression and reconstruction of the cervical spine by using pedicle screw fixation systems[J]. J Neurosurg, 1999, 90(1 Suppl):19-26.
50. Sani S, Ratliff JK, Cooper PR. A critical review of cervical laminoplasty[J]. Neurosurgery Quarterly, 2004, 14(1):5-16.
51.曾岩,党耕町,马庆军.颈椎前路术后融合节段曲度变化与轴性症状和神经功能的相关性研究[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2004, 14(9):520-523.
52. Nishituzi T. Roentgenographic studies on the cervical spine of patients with cervico-omo-brachial syndrome[J]. Cent Jpn J Orthop Traumat, 1963, 7(6):890-917.
53.占蓓蕾,叶舟.颈椎后路术后颈椎曲度不良与疗效的相关性[J].解剖与临床, 2008, 13(4):250-253.
54. Matsumoto M, Watanabe K, Tsuji T, et al. Risk factors for closure of lamina after open-door laminoplasty[J]. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 9(6):530-537.
55.潘胜发,孙宇,朱振军,陈景春,刘忠军,蔡钦林.单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术后轴性症状与颈椎稳定性的相关观察[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2003, 13(10):604-607.
56.陈维善,陈其昕,王性力.颈椎后路单开门手术对颈椎三维运动及刚性的影响[J].中华骨科杂志, 2001, 21(4):213-217.
57.金毅,赵炬才,刘珂.颈椎后路单开门加侧块内固定治疗椎管狭窄伴颈椎不稳定疗效观察[J].中华实用诊断与治疗杂志, 2009, 24(2):184-185.
58. Liu Y, Hu JH, Yu KY. Pedicle screw fixation for cervical spine instability: Clinical efficacy and safety analysis[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2009, 122(17):1985-1989.
59. Matsumura A, Yanaka K, Akutsu H, Noguchi S, Moritake T, Nose T. Combined laminoplasty with posterior lateral mass plate for unstable spondylotic cervical canal stenosis--technical note[J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 2003, 43(10):514-519; discussion 519.
60. Kawaguchi Y, Matsui H, Ishihara H, Gejo R, Yoshino O. Axial symptoms after en bloc cervical laminoplasty[J]. J Spinal Disord, 1999, 12(5):392-395.
61. Wang JM, Roh KJ, Kim DJ, Kim DW. A new method of stabilising the elevated laminae in open-door laminoplasty using an anchor system[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1998, 80(6):1005-1008.
62.王少波,蔡钦林,党耕町,李迈,王立舜,张凤山.单开门颈椎椎管扩大成型术的远期疗效观察[J].中华骨科杂志, 1999, 19(9):519-521.