EH4系统的时域与频域数据处理及应用
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摘要
EH4连续电导剖面仪是由美国EMI公司生产的电磁法仪器系统,这套仪器既可以使用天然场源的大地电磁信号,又可以使用人工场源的电磁信号,其基本原理是通过采集地球物理电场和磁场分量,利用Cagniard提出的计算视电阻率的方法来计算出视电阻率,以此获得地电断面的电阻率等值线图,来研究地质构造情况。该仪器可以有效地应用于地下水的调查,环境研究、矿产和地热的勘探及城市建设中地下工程的应用。由于数据采集量大、设备轻便、工作效率高等,EH4系统是近年来普遍应用的电磁法仪器之一,但目前的生产实际当中,数据处理基本上依赖于该系统自带的基于DOS界面的数据采集和处理软件来进行简单的一维反演、然后进行二维拟地电断面的成图分析。
本文基于此现状,简要的介绍了EH4电磁测深方法的国内外研究现状,主要针对EH4采集的时间域数据和频率域数据分析,并利用正则化反演方法进行了应用研究分析。本文首先以EH4电磁测深系统的原理是基于高频大地电磁理论,分析了均匀半空间、层状介质为例推导了其基本理论和正反演基本思路,研究了时间域内EH4时间序列读取、时频转换、功率谱估算、阻抗估算等数据处理方法技术,具体包括Y文件的读取过程、FFT时频转换原理、汉宁窗口对野外实测数据的滤波及功率谱的计算等等,然后针对实际情况介绍了频率域内一维连续介质的正反演的算法推导,并利用Matlab编程语言编写了代码,具体包括模型理论分析、算法验证等等；为了说明本文的野外实用性,本文最后以某煤矿采空区探测为例,利用测区地质、地球物理情况,圈定了若干区域的异常分布,验证了本文EH4系统的时域与频域数据处理及应用的有效性。
The Stratagem system is a magnetotelluric system made by EMI Inc. The device can use not only the natural source magnetotelluric filed, but also the user workshops source of electromagnetic signals, through collecting geophysical electric and magnetic field components, the apparent resistivity is calculated, in order to obtain the geological structure and resistivity contour of geoelectric section. In U.S Stratagem measurements may be effectively applied in ground water investigation, research in environment, mineral and geothermal exploration, and in civil engineering studies. In recently years EH4 system become more and more popular in magnetotelluric filed because of abundance data collection, portability equipment and high work efficiency. Although EH4 has been widely used in china, in the current actual production, it's data processing mostly depend on IMAGEM which is manufacturer's software of data collecting and data processing.
The background and purposes of research are introduced in this paper, research status of EH4 electromagnetic at home and abroad is presented briefly. It is mainly for the time domain data and frequency domain data to analysis, and use the regularization inversion method to research and analysis. EH4 electromagnetic sounding system principle is based on high-frequency magnetotelluric theory, the basic theory of homogeneous half-space, layered medium is derived. Reading of time series, time and frequency conversion, power spectrum and impedance estimation have been studied in time domain.Specifically including the reading process of Y documents, FFT time-frequency conversion principle, Han-ning window filtering of field survey data and the calculation of power spectrum, etc. In frequency domain, one-dimensional continuous medium inversion is derived and the program is written using Matlab programming. Finally, to illustrate the practicality of this field, through specific examples-Coal Mine detection, the abnormal distribution of several regions is determined by measuring geological, geophysical conditions. So the effectiveness of the time domain and frequency domain data processing is verified.
本文基于此现状,简要的介绍了EH4电磁测深方法的国内外研究现状,主要针对EH4采集的时间域数据和频率域数据分析,并利用正则化反演方法进行了应用研究分析。本文首先以EH4电磁测深系统的原理是基于高频大地电磁理论,分析了均匀半空间、层状介质为例推导了其基本理论和正反演基本思路,研究了时间域内EH4时间序列读取、时频转换、功率谱估算、阻抗估算等数据处理方法技术,具体包括Y文件的读取过程、FFT时频转换原理、汉宁窗口对野外实测数据的滤波及功率谱的计算等等,然后针对实际情况介绍了频率域内一维连续介质的正反演的算法推导,并利用Matlab编程语言编写了代码,具体包括模型理论分析、算法验证等等；为了说明本文的野外实用性,本文最后以某煤矿采空区探测为例,利用测区地质、地球物理情况,圈定了若干区域的异常分布,验证了本文EH4系统的时域与频域数据处理及应用的有效性。
The Stratagem system is a magnetotelluric system made by EMI Inc. The device can use not only the natural source magnetotelluric filed, but also the user workshops source of electromagnetic signals, through collecting geophysical electric and magnetic field components, the apparent resistivity is calculated, in order to obtain the geological structure and resistivity contour of geoelectric section. In U.S Stratagem measurements may be effectively applied in ground water investigation, research in environment, mineral and geothermal exploration, and in civil engineering studies. In recently years EH4 system become more and more popular in magnetotelluric filed because of abundance data collection, portability equipment and high work efficiency. Although EH4 has been widely used in china, in the current actual production, it's data processing mostly depend on IMAGEM which is manufacturer's software of data collecting and data processing.
The background and purposes of research are introduced in this paper, research status of EH4 electromagnetic at home and abroad is presented briefly. It is mainly for the time domain data and frequency domain data to analysis, and use the regularization inversion method to research and analysis. EH4 electromagnetic sounding system principle is based on high-frequency magnetotelluric theory, the basic theory of homogeneous half-space, layered medium is derived. Reading of time series, time and frequency conversion, power spectrum and impedance estimation have been studied in time domain.Specifically including the reading process of Y documents, FFT time-frequency conversion principle, Han-ning window filtering of field survey data and the calculation of power spectrum, etc. In frequency domain, one-dimensional continuous medium inversion is derived and the program is written using Matlab programming. Finally, to illustrate the practicality of this field, through specific examples-Coal Mine detection, the abnormal distribution of several regions is determined by measuring geological, geophysical conditions. So the effectiveness of the time domain and frequency domain data processing is verified.
引文
[1]汤井田,何继善.可控音频大地电磁法及其应用[M].中南大学出版社,2005.
[2]A.A.考夫曼,凯勒.大地电磁测深法[M].地质出版社,1987.
[3]杨长福,徐世浙.国外大地电磁研究现状[J].物探与化探,2005,29(3)：246-247
[4]刘国栋.电磁法及电法仪器的新进展和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊),46-51
[5]底青云,王妙月,石昆法等.V6多功能系统及其在CSAMT勘查应用中的效果[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4)：102-109
[6]郭文波,王凯,王善勋等GDP-32Ⅱ多功能电法仪在资源和工程勘察中的应用效果[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(106)：287-590
[7]郭建强、武毅著.StratageTM EH-4电导率成像系统简介及应用[J].物探与化探,1998,22(6)：458-464
[8]魏文博.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2)：245-254
[9]龙霞.EH4系统电磁测深数据处理与改进[D].中南大学,2010.5
[10]刘国栋,陈乐寿.大地电磁测深法研究[M].地震出版社,1984
[11]石应俊,刘国栋,陈乐寿,吴光耀,王家映,王光锷等.大地电磁测深法教程[M].地震出版社,1985
[12]王书明,王家映.关于大地电磁信号非最小相位性的讨论.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2)：216-221
[13]王书明,王家映.大地电磁信号统计特征分析[J].地震学报,2004,26(6)：669-674
[14]徐义贤,王家映.基于连续小波变化的大地电磁信号谱估计方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43,676-683
[15]D.o.Trad and J.M. Travassos, Wavelet filtering of magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,2000,65,482-491
[16]严家斌.大地电磁信号处理理论及方法研究：[博士学位论文],长沙,中南大学,2003
[17]何兰芳,王绪本.应用小波分析方法提高MT资料信噪比[J].成都理工大学学报,1999,26(3)：299-302
[18]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].地质出版社,2005
[19]陈乐寿,刘任,王天生.大地电磁测深资料处理与解释[M].石油工业出版社
[20]王通.大地电磁测深信号的高阶谱估计及应用研究[D].中南大学,
[21]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,1999.
[22]Kao,D.W.and Rankln,D.Enhancemen to signal-to-noise ratio in Magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,1977, Vol42,103-110
[23]A Saucier,M Marchant,M Chouteau.A fast and accurate frequency estimation method for canceling harmonic noise in geophysical records. Geophysics,2006, 71(1),7-18.
[24]徐新学,赵宪堂,王宝勋等.大地电磁测深资料常规反演方法的应用现状及进展[J].地质调查与研究,2004,27(增刊)：24-29.
[25]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].科学出版社,1994
[26]陈乐寿.有限元法在大地电磁测深正演计算中的应用与改进[J].石油物探,1981,20(3)： 84-103.
[27]陈乐寿,孙必俊.有限元法在大地电磁测深中正演计算的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(3)：69-72.
[28]徐世浙,于涛,李予国,等.电导率连续变化的MT有限元正演(Ⅰ)[J].高校地质学报,1995,1(2)：65-73.
[29]李予国,徐世浙,刘斌,等.电导率连续变化的MT有限元正演(Ⅱ)[J].高校地质学报,1996,2(4)：448-452.
[30]Tikhonov A N, Arsenin V Y. Solution of ill-posed problems[M]. New York:Wiley, 1977.
[31]Farquharson C G, Oldenburg D W. A comparison of automatic technique for estimating the regularization parameter in non-linear inverse problems [J]. Geophysical Journal International,2004,156(3):411-425.
[32]Farquharson, C G. Approximate sensitivities for the multi-dimensional electromagnetic inverse problem[D]. University of Edinburgh,1990.
[33]陈小斌,赵国泽,汤吉,等.大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4)：937-946.
[34]Haber E, Oldenburg D. A GCV based method for nonlinear ill-posed problems[J]. Computational Geosciences,2000,4(1):41-63.
[35]吴小平,徐果明.大地电磁数据的Occam反演改进[J].地球物理学报,1998, 41(4)：547-554.
[36]徐世浙,刘斌.大地电磁一维连续介质反演的曲线对比法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5)：676-682.
[37]苏朱刘,罗延钟,胡文宝.大地电磁测深“正演修正法”一维反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2)：138-145.
[38]严良俊,胡文宝.大地电磁测深资料的二次函数逼近非线性反演[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5)：935-940.
[39]陈小斌,赵国泽,汤吉,等.大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4)：937-946.
[40]柳建新,蒋鹏飞,童孝忠,等.不完全LU分解预处理的BICGSTAB算法在大地电磁二维正演模拟中的应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(2)：484-491.
[2]A.A.考夫曼,凯勒.大地电磁测深法[M].地质出版社,1987.
[3]杨长福,徐世浙.国外大地电磁研究现状[J].物探与化探,2005,29(3)：246-247
[4]刘国栋.电磁法及电法仪器的新进展和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊),46-51
[5]底青云,王妙月,石昆法等.V6多功能系统及其在CSAMT勘查应用中的效果[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4)：102-109
[6]郭文波,王凯,王善勋等GDP-32Ⅱ多功能电法仪在资源和工程勘察中的应用效果[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(106)：287-590
[7]郭建强、武毅著.StratageTM EH-4电导率成像系统简介及应用[J].物探与化探,1998,22(6)：458-464
[8]魏文博.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2)：245-254
[9]龙霞.EH4系统电磁测深数据处理与改进[D].中南大学,2010.5
[10]刘国栋,陈乐寿.大地电磁测深法研究[M].地震出版社,1984
[11]石应俊,刘国栋,陈乐寿,吴光耀,王家映,王光锷等.大地电磁测深法教程[M].地震出版社,1985
[12]王书明,王家映.关于大地电磁信号非最小相位性的讨论.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2)：216-221
[13]王书明,王家映.大地电磁信号统计特征分析[J].地震学报,2004,26(6)：669-674
[14]徐义贤,王家映.基于连续小波变化的大地电磁信号谱估计方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43,676-683
[15]D.o.Trad and J.M. Travassos, Wavelet filtering of magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,2000,65,482-491
[16]严家斌.大地电磁信号处理理论及方法研究：[博士学位论文],长沙,中南大学,2003
[17]何兰芳,王绪本.应用小波分析方法提高MT资料信噪比[J].成都理工大学学报,1999,26(3)：299-302
[18]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].地质出版社,2005
[19]陈乐寿,刘任,王天生.大地电磁测深资料处理与解释[M].石油工业出版社
[20]王通.大地电磁测深信号的高阶谱估计及应用研究[D].中南大学,
[21]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].清华大学出版社,1999.
[22]Kao,D.W.and Rankln,D.Enhancemen to signal-to-noise ratio in Magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,1977, Vol42,103-110
[23]A Saucier,M Marchant,M Chouteau.A fast and accurate frequency estimation method for canceling harmonic noise in geophysical records. Geophysics,2006, 71(1),7-18.
[24]徐新学,赵宪堂,王宝勋等.大地电磁测深资料常规反演方法的应用现状及进展[J].地质调查与研究,2004,27(增刊)：24-29.
[25]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法[M].科学出版社,1994
[26]陈乐寿.有限元法在大地电磁测深正演计算中的应用与改进[J].石油物探,1981,20(3)： 84-103.
[27]陈乐寿,孙必俊.有限元法在大地电磁测深中正演计算的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(3)：69-72.
[28]徐世浙,于涛,李予国,等.电导率连续变化的MT有限元正演(Ⅰ)[J].高校地质学报,1995,1(2)：65-73.
[29]李予国,徐世浙,刘斌,等.电导率连续变化的MT有限元正演(Ⅱ)[J].高校地质学报,1996,2(4)：448-452.
[30]Tikhonov A N, Arsenin V Y. Solution of ill-posed problems[M]. New York:Wiley, 1977.
[31]Farquharson C G, Oldenburg D W. A comparison of automatic technique for estimating the regularization parameter in non-linear inverse problems [J]. Geophysical Journal International,2004,156(3):411-425.
[32]Farquharson, C G. Approximate sensitivities for the multi-dimensional electromagnetic inverse problem[D]. University of Edinburgh,1990.
[33]陈小斌,赵国泽,汤吉,等.大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4)：937-946.
[34]Haber E, Oldenburg D. A GCV based method for nonlinear ill-posed problems[J]. Computational Geosciences,2000,4(1):41-63.
[35]吴小平,徐果明.大地电磁数据的Occam反演改进[J].地球物理学报,1998, 41(4)：547-554.
[36]徐世浙,刘斌.大地电磁一维连续介质反演的曲线对比法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5)：676-682.
[37]苏朱刘,罗延钟,胡文宝.大地电磁测深“正演修正法”一维反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2)：138-145.
[38]严良俊,胡文宝.大地电磁测深资料的二次函数逼近非线性反演[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5)：935-940.
[39]陈小斌,赵国泽,汤吉,等.大地电磁自适应正则化反演算法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4)：937-946.
[40]柳建新,蒋鹏飞,童孝忠,等.不完全LU分解预处理的BICGSTAB算法在大地电磁二维正演模拟中的应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(2)：484-491.