金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素基因分布的研究
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摘要
近年来,随着消费者对食品安全的关注及国际贸易环境的要求,食品安全问题得到了前所未有的重视。而由致病性微生物和其他有毒、有害因素引起的食物中毒和食源性疾病的发病率是衡量食品安全状况的直接指标,是食品安全问题最直接的体现。我国亦将食源性疾病尤其是微生物污染引起的食源性疾病列为当前我国食品安全面临的八大难题的首要问题。
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)是一种普遍存在于自然界的重要的食源性致病菌,能产生多种致病性物质,如毒素、酶类和菌体的一些成份。其中肠毒素(Staphylococcal enterotoxins,SE)在该菌的致病性中起着重要的作用。
本文对采自石家庄地区的速冻食品、生鲜肉、肉制品、水产品、生肉加工车间棉拭子等114份样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定,金黄色葡萄球菌的总检出率为20.2%;本实验室前人对保定地区人化脓组织样品、理发用具、生牛奶、速冻食品、生鲜肉、肉制品、水产品、果蔬、豆制品、空气、动物粪便及水等685份样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌筛选,金黄色葡萄球菌的阳性检出率为22.6%。综合两个地区试验数据,证实保定和石家庄两地金黄色葡萄球菌的污染程度较高,人化脓组织、理发用具、生牛奶、速冻食品以及生鲜肉受其污染严重,应引起相关人员的高度重视。
金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒主要是由于进食了含有金黄色葡菌球菌肠毒素的食物。目前,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素按血清学分型常可分为14型(A、B、C、D、E、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O),随着现代分子生物学技术的不断发展,新型的葡萄球菌肠毒素也相继被发现,如葡萄球菌肠毒素SEp、SEq、SEr、SEu等[1]。本试验设计合成金黄色葡萄球菌SEg、SEi、SEh、SEu致病基因的引物,进行PCR鉴定,以研究这四种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布状况。在分离得到的371株金黄色葡萄球菌中,共有327株含有SEg、SEi、SEh、SEu中的一种或多种肠毒素基因,总检出率为88.14%。可见肠毒素基因在金黄色葡萄球菌中大量存在。SEg与SEi同时存在的几率极高,说明SEg与SEi之间存在着协同作用,与其他报道相符[2-6]。SEi与SEu之间很可能存在着某种抑制作用,但当SEg与SEi和SEu同时出现时,检出率上升,说明该抑制作用可能受SEg的影响。SEh和SEu基因型在低温食品中检出率相对较高,很可能其对低温有更强的抵御和适应能力,应引起特别注意。
In recent years, as consumers to food safety concerns and international trade environment,people pay more attention to food safety problems.Food poisoning by pathogenic microorganisms and harmful factors and incidence of food-borne diseases are food safety direct indicator and reflect.China also put food-borne diseases listed the first importance problem of eight problems.
Staphylococcus aureu is food-borne pathogenic bacteria that universal existence in nature.It produce various disease-causing materials,such as toxins,enzymes and some compositions of bacteria.Enterotoxins(Staphylococcal enterotoxins,SE) plays an important role.
In this paper, taken from Shijiazhuang frozen food,raw meat,meat products,aquatic products , meat processing plant such as cotton swab samples of 114 Staphylococcus aureus isolation and identification , the overall detection rate of Staphylococcus aureu 20.2%;predecessors of the laboratory area of Baoding suppurative tissue samples of people,cut hair tools,raw milk,frozen food,raw meat,meat products,aquatic products,fruits and vegetables,soybean products,air,animal wastes and water samples for 685 staphylococcin Screening of bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus-positive detection rate of 22.6% percent.Comprehensive test data the two regions,Baoding and Shijiazhuang confirmed Staphylococcus aureus both a higher degree of pollution,human suppurative organizations,cut hair tools,raw milk,frozen food,raw meat should be subject to serious pollution attaches great importance to staff.
Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning are mainly due to eating food contain staphylicoccal enterotoxin.Currently,according to serological methods,Staphylococcus aureus can be divided into 14 types(A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O).Along with the development of modem molecular biology technology,The new types of staphylicoccal enterotoxin were found uccessively,Such as SEp,Seq,Ser,SEu and so on[1].In order to study the distribution of SEg,SEh,SEi,SEu,the test designs and synthesises primers,and then identificates by PCR.In 371 strains,327 strains contain one or more genes of SEg,SEi,SEh,SEu,the total detection is 88.14%.Thus,staphylicoccal enterotoxin are lots of exist in Staphylococcus aureus.SEg and SEi have higher risk of coexistence,account for SEg and SEi have synergy,accord with other reports[2-6].SEi and SEu may have inhibitory action,but when SEg,SEi and SEu coexist together,the inspection ratio is risesed.Thus,the inhibition is influenced by SEg.SEh and SEu have higher risk in food of low temperature,SEh and SEu may have ability to resist and adapt low temperature,should pay attention.
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)是一种普遍存在于自然界的重要的食源性致病菌,能产生多种致病性物质,如毒素、酶类和菌体的一些成份。其中肠毒素(Staphylococcal enterotoxins,SE)在该菌的致病性中起着重要的作用。
本文对采自石家庄地区的速冻食品、生鲜肉、肉制品、水产品、生肉加工车间棉拭子等114份样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定,金黄色葡萄球菌的总检出率为20.2%;本实验室前人对保定地区人化脓组织样品、理发用具、生牛奶、速冻食品、生鲜肉、肉制品、水产品、果蔬、豆制品、空气、动物粪便及水等685份样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌筛选,金黄色葡萄球菌的阳性检出率为22.6%。综合两个地区试验数据,证实保定和石家庄两地金黄色葡萄球菌的污染程度较高,人化脓组织、理发用具、生牛奶、速冻食品以及生鲜肉受其污染严重,应引起相关人员的高度重视。
金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒主要是由于进食了含有金黄色葡菌球菌肠毒素的食物。目前,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素按血清学分型常可分为14型(A、B、C、D、E、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O),随着现代分子生物学技术的不断发展,新型的葡萄球菌肠毒素也相继被发现,如葡萄球菌肠毒素SEp、SEq、SEr、SEu等[1]。本试验设计合成金黄色葡萄球菌SEg、SEi、SEh、SEu致病基因的引物,进行PCR鉴定,以研究这四种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布状况。在分离得到的371株金黄色葡萄球菌中,共有327株含有SEg、SEi、SEh、SEu中的一种或多种肠毒素基因,总检出率为88.14%。可见肠毒素基因在金黄色葡萄球菌中大量存在。SEg与SEi同时存在的几率极高,说明SEg与SEi之间存在着协同作用,与其他报道相符[2-6]。SEi与SEu之间很可能存在着某种抑制作用,但当SEg与SEi和SEu同时出现时,检出率上升,说明该抑制作用可能受SEg的影响。SEh和SEu基因型在低温食品中检出率相对较高,很可能其对低温有更强的抵御和适应能力,应引起特别注意。
In recent years, as consumers to food safety concerns and international trade environment,people pay more attention to food safety problems.Food poisoning by pathogenic microorganisms and harmful factors and incidence of food-borne diseases are food safety direct indicator and reflect.China also put food-borne diseases listed the first importance problem of eight problems.
Staphylococcus aureu is food-borne pathogenic bacteria that universal existence in nature.It produce various disease-causing materials,such as toxins,enzymes and some compositions of bacteria.Enterotoxins(Staphylococcal enterotoxins,SE) plays an important role.
In this paper, taken from Shijiazhuang frozen food,raw meat,meat products,aquatic products , meat processing plant such as cotton swab samples of 114 Staphylococcus aureus isolation and identification , the overall detection rate of Staphylococcus aureu 20.2%;predecessors of the laboratory area of Baoding suppurative tissue samples of people,cut hair tools,raw milk,frozen food,raw meat,meat products,aquatic products,fruits and vegetables,soybean products,air,animal wastes and water samples for 685 staphylococcin Screening of bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus-positive detection rate of 22.6% percent.Comprehensive test data the two regions,Baoding and Shijiazhuang confirmed Staphylococcus aureus both a higher degree of pollution,human suppurative organizations,cut hair tools,raw milk,frozen food,raw meat should be subject to serious pollution attaches great importance to staff.
Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning are mainly due to eating food contain staphylicoccal enterotoxin.Currently,according to serological methods,Staphylococcus aureus can be divided into 14 types(A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O).Along with the development of modem molecular biology technology,The new types of staphylicoccal enterotoxin were found uccessively,Such as SEp,Seq,Ser,SEu and so on[1].In order to study the distribution of SEg,SEh,SEi,SEu,the test designs and synthesises primers,and then identificates by PCR.In 371 strains,327 strains contain one or more genes of SEg,SEi,SEh,SEu,the total detection is 88.14%.Thus,staphylicoccal enterotoxin are lots of exist in Staphylococcus aureus.SEg and SEi have higher risk of coexistence,account for SEg and SEi have synergy,accord with other reports[2-6].SEi and SEu may have inhibitory action,but when SEg,SEi and SEu coexist together,the inspection ratio is risesed.Thus,the inhibition is influenced by SEg.SEh and SEu have higher risk in food of low temperature,SEh and SEu may have ability to resist and adapt low temperature,should pay attention.
引文
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