光纤型行波调制器理论分析与设计探讨
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摘要
高速宽带电光调制器是光纤通信、CATV 光纤传输、光孤子通信、光纤传感
等领域的重要器件,在未来光纤通信系统中占有十分重要的地位。随着通信迅
速发展,对高速宽带调制器的研究也迫在眉睫。
本论文综合分析了Ti:LiNbO3波导调制器存在的局限性,首次提出了一种可
以获得高速、宽带调制器的新设计方案——铌酸锂光纤型行波调制器,并利用
有限元法和神经网络方法对比分析了ACPS、SCPS、CPW三种电极结构下光纤
型行波调制器的主要性能指标调制器带宽、微波等效折射率、半波电压、特性
阻抗、微波传输损耗、插入损耗等。分析结果表明该光纤型行波调制器具有两
大特点:一是具有大的带宽;二是半波驱动电压很低,且该调制器性能指标达
到国际先进水平,具有自主知识产权。
本论文首次把神经网络引入到光无源和有源器件的建模设计中,采用径向基
函数(RBF)神经网络通过学习、训练和仿真,实现对光纤方向耦合器,半导体激
光器噪声特性等建模仿真。利用NTT设计脊型Ti:LiNbO3光波导调制器的数据建
立了该调制器的GRNN模型,分析模型误差,结果证明了用神经网络对调制器建
模的可行性和可靠性。
基于人工神经网络速度快、精度高、可扩展性等优点,以及上述模型的论证,
本论文把 GRNN 神经网络扩展到对光纤型行波调制器的建模仿真,并且与有限
元计算和保角变换的 Green 函数近似运算进行比较。神经网络模型输出结果与有
限元方法计算结果一致,精度很高,误差非常小。而且利用所建立的神经网络
模型对光纤型行波调制器的结构尺寸进行了优化设计。
通过理论分析和建模仿真得到光纤型行波调制器的最佳 CPW 电极结构尺寸
和性能指标:带宽?f =250GHz,半波驱动电压Vπ =1.14V,特性阻抗Z =55.78
Ω。设计了光纤型行波调制器全部制作工艺流程,重点突出铌酸锂光纤 M-Z 形
干涉计的制作工艺,该制作工艺国内外尚未见报导。同时还对调制器制作的各
个工艺步骤进行了分析及描述,部分工艺给出了工艺参数以及图文表示,为后
续的光纤型行波调制器的制作和测试提供了重要指导。
High speed and broadband electro-optic modulator is a key component in the
fields of fiber communication system, CATV fiber transmission, soliton
communication, and fiber sensor, etc. With the rapid development of communication,
it is urgent to develop a high speed and broadband modulator.
In the dissertation, the limitation of Ti:LiNbO3 wave-guide modulator has been
analyzed. A novel design project —— LiNbO3 fiber type traveling-wave modulator,
which can guarantee high speed and broadband modulation, is firstly proposed. Both
finite-element method and neural network have been introduced to analyze and
compare the main characteristics including the modulating bandwidth, effective
refractive index, half-wave voltage, characteristic impedance, transmission
attenuation of microwave, and insertion loss, of modulator with three different type of
electrodes: ACPS, SCPS, CPW. The results show that the characteristics of the
modulator are ahead of the world, for its two main advantages: broad bandwidth and
low half-wave voltage. In addition, we have the intellectual property right on the
modulator.
The neural network is firstly used to model both passive and active optical
devices. Through the RBF neural network, many devices can be modeled, such as the
fiber direction coupler, the noise characteristic of laser, and so on. Furthermore, the
Ti:LiNbO3 wave guide modulator with ridge structure researched by NTT lab is
simulated using the GRNN, and the error is analyzed. It is identified the neural
network model for the modulator is feasible and reliable.
Since it has the advantages of rapidity, accuracy, expansibility, ANN model is
used to simulate the fiber type traveling-wave modulator. Moreover, the simulation
result of GRNN is compared with the calculation of FEM and conformal transfer with
Green function approximation. The results of GRNN simulation are well agreement
with that of FEM calculation, and the error is tiny. The trained model has also been
applied to optimize the structure dimensions of modulator.
Through the theory analysis and GRNN simulation, the optimal CPW electrode
dimensions are gotten, and the performance index of fiber type traveling-wave
modulator shows as follows: ?f =250GHz, Vπ =1.14V, Z =55.78Ω. Finally, the
whole manufacture process of fiber type traveling-wave modulator is introduced.
II
摘 要
Specially, the technological process of LiNbO3 fiber M-Z interferometer is introduced
in detail, which is a wholly new innovation. Each technological step is described, and
some steps are given the specific technological parameters and figure. All of these
provide an important guidance for the subsequent fabrication and measurement of the
fiber type traveling-wave modulator.
等领域的重要器件,在未来光纤通信系统中占有十分重要的地位。随着通信迅
速发展,对高速宽带调制器的研究也迫在眉睫。
本论文综合分析了Ti:LiNbO3波导调制器存在的局限性,首次提出了一种可
以获得高速、宽带调制器的新设计方案——铌酸锂光纤型行波调制器,并利用
有限元法和神经网络方法对比分析了ACPS、SCPS、CPW三种电极结构下光纤
型行波调制器的主要性能指标调制器带宽、微波等效折射率、半波电压、特性
阻抗、微波传输损耗、插入损耗等。分析结果表明该光纤型行波调制器具有两
大特点:一是具有大的带宽;二是半波驱动电压很低,且该调制器性能指标达
到国际先进水平,具有自主知识产权。
本论文首次把神经网络引入到光无源和有源器件的建模设计中,采用径向基
函数(RBF)神经网络通过学习、训练和仿真,实现对光纤方向耦合器,半导体激
光器噪声特性等建模仿真。利用NTT设计脊型Ti:LiNbO3光波导调制器的数据建
立了该调制器的GRNN模型,分析模型误差,结果证明了用神经网络对调制器建
模的可行性和可靠性。
基于人工神经网络速度快、精度高、可扩展性等优点,以及上述模型的论证,
本论文把 GRNN 神经网络扩展到对光纤型行波调制器的建模仿真,并且与有限
元计算和保角变换的 Green 函数近似运算进行比较。神经网络模型输出结果与有
限元方法计算结果一致,精度很高,误差非常小。而且利用所建立的神经网络
模型对光纤型行波调制器的结构尺寸进行了优化设计。
通过理论分析和建模仿真得到光纤型行波调制器的最佳 CPW 电极结构尺寸
和性能指标:带宽?f =250GHz,半波驱动电压Vπ =1.14V,特性阻抗Z =55.78
Ω。设计了光纤型行波调制器全部制作工艺流程,重点突出铌酸锂光纤 M-Z 形
干涉计的制作工艺,该制作工艺国内外尚未见报导。同时还对调制器制作的各
个工艺步骤进行了分析及描述,部分工艺给出了工艺参数以及图文表示,为后
续的光纤型行波调制器的制作和测试提供了重要指导。
High speed and broadband electro-optic modulator is a key component in the
fields of fiber communication system, CATV fiber transmission, soliton
communication, and fiber sensor, etc. With the rapid development of communication,
it is urgent to develop a high speed and broadband modulator.
In the dissertation, the limitation of Ti:LiNbO3 wave-guide modulator has been
analyzed. A novel design project —— LiNbO3 fiber type traveling-wave modulator,
which can guarantee high speed and broadband modulation, is firstly proposed. Both
finite-element method and neural network have been introduced to analyze and
compare the main characteristics including the modulating bandwidth, effective
refractive index, half-wave voltage, characteristic impedance, transmission
attenuation of microwave, and insertion loss, of modulator with three different type of
electrodes: ACPS, SCPS, CPW. The results show that the characteristics of the
modulator are ahead of the world, for its two main advantages: broad bandwidth and
low half-wave voltage. In addition, we have the intellectual property right on the
modulator.
The neural network is firstly used to model both passive and active optical
devices. Through the RBF neural network, many devices can be modeled, such as the
fiber direction coupler, the noise characteristic of laser, and so on. Furthermore, the
Ti:LiNbO3 wave guide modulator with ridge structure researched by NTT lab is
simulated using the GRNN, and the error is analyzed. It is identified the neural
network model for the modulator is feasible and reliable.
Since it has the advantages of rapidity, accuracy, expansibility, ANN model is
used to simulate the fiber type traveling-wave modulator. Moreover, the simulation
result of GRNN is compared with the calculation of FEM and conformal transfer with
Green function approximation. The results of GRNN simulation are well agreement
with that of FEM calculation, and the error is tiny. The trained model has also been
applied to optimize the structure dimensions of modulator.
Through the theory analysis and GRNN simulation, the optimal CPW electrode
dimensions are gotten, and the performance index of fiber type traveling-wave
modulator shows as follows: ?f =250GHz, Vπ =1.14V, Z =55.78Ω. Finally, the
whole manufacture process of fiber type traveling-wave modulator is introduced.
II
摘 要
Specially, the technological process of LiNbO3 fiber M-Z interferometer is introduced
in detail, which is a wholly new innovation. Each technological step is described, and
some steps are given the specific technological parameters and figure. All of these
provide an important guidance for the subsequent fabrication and measurement of the
fiber type traveling-wave modulator.
引文
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