库区农村移民风险防范研究
|
摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展,对能源的需求日益增加,许多大型水库的修建,极大的缓解了我国的能源压力。然而,水电资源开发的同时也带来了一个重大问题——库区移民问题。数以千万计的移民“舍小家、顾大家”,为国家经济建设作出了重大贡献。但由于多种原因,目前许多库区移民的生产生活条件依然普遍较差,有相当多的移民还生活在贫困中,库区和移民安置区基础设施薄弱,经济社会发展滞后,已成为制约区域经济发展和影响社会稳定的重要问题。新中国成立以来,全国进行了大规模的水利水电建设,共造成了2200多万库区移民,其中绝大多数都是农村移民。因此,对库区农村移民风险的防范进行研究是迫切而必要的。
库区农村移民工程是一项涉及政治、经济、社会、人口、资源、环境与工程技术多学科的复杂系统工程。本文在查阅了大量的文献资料的基础上,吸收库区移民的最新实践成果,以向家坝库区农村移民为实例,从系统的角度对库区农村移民风险的防范进行研究。首先对库区农村移民风险进行了概述,调查和分析了向家坝库区农村移民的情况,对库区农村移民风险进行辨识和并应用相关的方法来进行评估,提出库区农村移民风险的防范措施。
第一章是本文的整体框架,介绍了本文研究的背景、目的和意义,对国内外相关研究动态进行了评析,明确了本文的研究思路、方法和创新点。
第二章在介绍库区移民内涵的基础上,总结出了库区移民风险客观性、社会性、长期性、规律性等特征,并重点阐述了世界银行社会学与社会政策专家迈克M.塞尼(Michael M.Cernea)提出的移民的贫困、风险与重建理论,即IRR模型,并且作为本文研究的理论依据。
第三章首先简要的回顾了我国的库区移民之路;再分析了向家坝库区农村移民的环境容量,明确了向家坝库区农村移民安置区的环境容量能够承载其移民的数量;最后通过实证调研对研究区域的农村移民情况进行分析,为向家坝库区农村移民的风险分析和评估提供数据来源和实证支持。
第四章从系统理论角度对向家坝库区农村移民风险进行辨识,按照移民风险的领域把库区农村移民风险分为环境性风险、社会性风险、经济性风险和政策性风险四种风险类型。在IRR模型提出的八种风险指标的基础上,即丧失土地、失业、无家可归、边缘化、食物没有保障、发病率增加、失去享有公共资源的权利和社会解体,结合中国库区农村移民的特征对IRR模型进行了修正,增加了失去财产、政策执行偏差、合法利益受侵害、环境变差四个风险指标,建立了向家坝库区农村移民的风险评估体系,采用德尔菲法对向家坝库区农村移民风险进行评估,得出了向家坝库区农村移民风险为中等风险的结论。
第五章基于前文的分析,针对库区农村移民存在的四种风险,提出相应的防范措施。
With the rapid economic development of China, there is an increasing demand for energy. Although the establishments of many large-scale reservoir have alleviated China's Energy Intensity. Hydropower resources development brings about a serious problem– the Reservoir Area resettlement. In order to support National economic construction, tens of thousands of rural migrants have abandoned their homes,
Due to many reasons, the production and living conditions of the migrants are basically lacking that quite a number of those migrants are still living in poverty and the weak infrastructure in the reservoir and resettlement areas and the lagging economic development there have greatly restricted the regional economic development and affected the social stability, ever since the founding of the People's Republic of China ,the large-scale water conservancy and hydropower construction has caused more that 22 millions of people to resettle and most of them are rural migrants. Therefore, the research on the Risk Prevention of Rural migrants in the reservoir area is necessary.
The project of rural migrants in the reservoir areas is a complex issue of politics; economy.society.population.resources and multi-disciplinary engineering and technology. This article will take xiangjiaba rural migrants in the reservoir area to carry out the research on the Risk Prevention of Rural migrants in the reservoir area systematically based on the abundant references to relative literature and the latest results of reservoir area resettlements,
Research begins with the overview of risk of reservoir area resettlements which includes the investigation and analysis of rural migrants in the xiangjiaba reservoir area; the reorganization of the risk ;the related assessment of the risk and the method for the risk prevention.
Chapter 1 is the overall framework of this article, introducing the background; the purpose and the significance of the research and assessment to the relational foreign researches and making it clear about the methods and ideas as well as the innovation of the research.
In Chapter 2, we have generalized that Reservoir Area resettlement is objective, social ,long-term and regular etc. Besides which ,we have stressed the elaboration on IRR (Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction) model that Dr.Michael M.Cernea has put forward,who is an expert on sociology and social philosophy . IRR is what the study and research theoretically based on.
In Chapter 3,firstly, we have a brief review on the course of Reservoir Area resettlement in China; secondly we have another analysis of the environmental capacity which shows the certainty for xiangjiaba Reservoir Area to take the current input of migrants. lastly, we provide the risk analysis and assessment of rural migrants in the xiangjiaba reservoir area with data sources and empirical research support through the empirical research on the situation of rural migrants of the study area.
In chapter 4 ,we have systematically identified migration risks and have it devided into 4 types,which are social, environmental ,economic and political risk.Based on the eight risk indicators in IRR Model ,which are Landlessness;Joblessness; Homelessness; Marginalization; Food insecurity; Increased morbidity and mortality; Loss of access to common property resources; and Community Disarticulation, we have rectified IRR Model by adding Loss of Property,Ineffective implementation of policy,Infringement of Legal Rights,and Environmental Variation according to the characteristics of the reservoir area resettlements in China.thus we have established the Risk Assessment System of rural migrants in the xiangjiaba reservoir area. in the meantime,we have concluded that the migration risk of xiangjiaba reservoir area is medium by Delphi Method.
in chapter 5,we put forward the preventive measures according to the four risks added above .
库区农村移民工程是一项涉及政治、经济、社会、人口、资源、环境与工程技术多学科的复杂系统工程。本文在查阅了大量的文献资料的基础上,吸收库区移民的最新实践成果,以向家坝库区农村移民为实例,从系统的角度对库区农村移民风险的防范进行研究。首先对库区农村移民风险进行了概述,调查和分析了向家坝库区农村移民的情况,对库区农村移民风险进行辨识和并应用相关的方法来进行评估,提出库区农村移民风险的防范措施。
第一章是本文的整体框架,介绍了本文研究的背景、目的和意义,对国内外相关研究动态进行了评析,明确了本文的研究思路、方法和创新点。
第二章在介绍库区移民内涵的基础上,总结出了库区移民风险客观性、社会性、长期性、规律性等特征,并重点阐述了世界银行社会学与社会政策专家迈克M.塞尼(Michael M.Cernea)提出的移民的贫困、风险与重建理论,即IRR模型,并且作为本文研究的理论依据。
第三章首先简要的回顾了我国的库区移民之路;再分析了向家坝库区农村移民的环境容量,明确了向家坝库区农村移民安置区的环境容量能够承载其移民的数量;最后通过实证调研对研究区域的农村移民情况进行分析,为向家坝库区农村移民的风险分析和评估提供数据来源和实证支持。
第四章从系统理论角度对向家坝库区农村移民风险进行辨识,按照移民风险的领域把库区农村移民风险分为环境性风险、社会性风险、经济性风险和政策性风险四种风险类型。在IRR模型提出的八种风险指标的基础上,即丧失土地、失业、无家可归、边缘化、食物没有保障、发病率增加、失去享有公共资源的权利和社会解体,结合中国库区农村移民的特征对IRR模型进行了修正,增加了失去财产、政策执行偏差、合法利益受侵害、环境变差四个风险指标,建立了向家坝库区农村移民的风险评估体系,采用德尔菲法对向家坝库区农村移民风险进行评估,得出了向家坝库区农村移民风险为中等风险的结论。
第五章基于前文的分析,针对库区农村移民存在的四种风险,提出相应的防范措施。
With the rapid economic development of China, there is an increasing demand for energy. Although the establishments of many large-scale reservoir have alleviated China's Energy Intensity. Hydropower resources development brings about a serious problem– the Reservoir Area resettlement. In order to support National economic construction, tens of thousands of rural migrants have abandoned their homes,
Due to many reasons, the production and living conditions of the migrants are basically lacking that quite a number of those migrants are still living in poverty and the weak infrastructure in the reservoir and resettlement areas and the lagging economic development there have greatly restricted the regional economic development and affected the social stability, ever since the founding of the People's Republic of China ,the large-scale water conservancy and hydropower construction has caused more that 22 millions of people to resettle and most of them are rural migrants. Therefore, the research on the Risk Prevention of Rural migrants in the reservoir area is necessary.
The project of rural migrants in the reservoir areas is a complex issue of politics; economy.society.population.resources and multi-disciplinary engineering and technology. This article will take xiangjiaba rural migrants in the reservoir area to carry out the research on the Risk Prevention of Rural migrants in the reservoir area systematically based on the abundant references to relative literature and the latest results of reservoir area resettlements,
Research begins with the overview of risk of reservoir area resettlements which includes the investigation and analysis of rural migrants in the xiangjiaba reservoir area; the reorganization of the risk ;the related assessment of the risk and the method for the risk prevention.
Chapter 1 is the overall framework of this article, introducing the background; the purpose and the significance of the research and assessment to the relational foreign researches and making it clear about the methods and ideas as well as the innovation of the research.
In Chapter 2, we have generalized that Reservoir Area resettlement is objective, social ,long-term and regular etc. Besides which ,we have stressed the elaboration on IRR (Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction) model that Dr.Michael M.Cernea has put forward,who is an expert on sociology and social philosophy . IRR is what the study and research theoretically based on.
In Chapter 3,firstly, we have a brief review on the course of Reservoir Area resettlement in China; secondly we have another analysis of the environmental capacity which shows the certainty for xiangjiaba Reservoir Area to take the current input of migrants. lastly, we provide the risk analysis and assessment of rural migrants in the xiangjiaba reservoir area with data sources and empirical research support through the empirical research on the situation of rural migrants of the study area.
In chapter 4 ,we have systematically identified migration risks and have it devided into 4 types,which are social, environmental ,economic and political risk.Based on the eight risk indicators in IRR Model ,which are Landlessness;Joblessness; Homelessness; Marginalization; Food insecurity; Increased morbidity and mortality; Loss of access to common property resources; and Community Disarticulation, we have rectified IRR Model by adding Loss of Property,Ineffective implementation of policy,Infringement of Legal Rights,and Environmental Variation according to the characteristics of the reservoir area resettlements in China.thus we have established the Risk Assessment System of rural migrants in the xiangjiaba reservoir area. in the meantime,we have concluded that the migration risk of xiangjiaba reservoir area is medium by Delphi Method.
in chapter 5,we put forward the preventive measures according to the four risks added above .
引文
[1]颜帮全.论三峡库区移民城镇个性的缺失[J].《管理科学》,2006.2:89-91
[2]唐传利.在全国移民系统办公室主任会议上的讲话,2001.8
[3]李晓明.国务院对大中型水库移民再予扶持[J].《新农业》,2006.10:254-257
[4]傅秀堂.水库移民工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:122
[5]李东琀,初文森.水库移民安置规划工作国内外动态研究[J].《黑龙江水利科技》,2008. 5:19-20
[6] Klaus J.Bade.Europa in Bewegung,Migration vom spaeten 18.Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. Muenchen: Verlage C. H.Beck ,2002:1154-1159
[7]傅志华,刘德雄.国外水库移民与开发的经验和启示[J],《经济研究参考》,2001.36:37-481
[8] Michael M.Cernea.《移民与发展》[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1999:387
[9] Mahapatra,1996:.Ecomigration:linkages between environmental change and migration International Center for Migration,Ethnicity and Citizenship,New School for Social Research. Migration Policy in Global Perspective Series. Occasional Paper, No.2006:768-769
[10] Stephen Castles and Mark J1 Miller .The Age of Migration—International Population Movements in the Modern World[J].New York:The Guilford Press,1998:23
[11] Michael.M.Cernea.Risks,safeguards, and Reconstruction:a model for population displacement in Risks and Reconstruction-Experiences of resettlers and refugees[J].The World Bank, Washington,D.C, 2000:43-47
[12] Christo Pher McDowell,lmPoverishment Risk sandLive lihoods:Towards a Frmaework for Researeh, proeeedings of Intenrational SymPosium on Resettlement&SoeialDevelopment[C],HoHai University Press,2002:129一135
[13]范治晖.坚持开发性移民方针搞好水库移民后期扶持[J].《中国水利报》,2002.12:65-66
[14]施国庆.中国水库移民综述[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2006:312-313
[15]曾建生.水利水电工程征地移民问题分析和对策研究[J].《广东水利水电》,2002.8:28-29
[16]申晓梅.四川失地农民就业与保障问题的调查思考[J].《社会科学研究》,2005.4:126-128
[17]陶景良.试论水工程建设的开发性移民[J].《水力发电》,2007.9:2-4
[18]张春美.施国庆.对水库移民后期扶持范围问题的探讨[J].《江西社会科学》,2007.9:35-37
[19]梁双林,邓霖.加大农业安置移民后期扶持工作力度[J].《决策参考》,2007.3:41-45
[20]林龙飞,刘建平.库区移民安置的新思路[J].《生态环境》,2008.9:76-79
[21]游滨,刘敢新,彭建国.三峡库区移民风险研究[J].《重庆大学学报》,2001.7:33-40
[22]陈绍军,施国庆.中国非志愿移民贫困分析[J].《甘肃社会科学》,2003.5:117
[23]杨帆,余建星.水利工程移民安置工作的风险分析与评价[J].《水利学报》,2005.10:1-2
[24]陈绍军.水库移民社会风险评价[J].《水利经济》,2005.02:34-36
[25]施国庆.对水库移民后期扶持范围问题的探讨[J],《江西社会科学》.2007.9:249-251
[26]李丹,白月竹.水库移民安置的社会风险分析与评估[J].《中国农村水利水电》,2007.6:33-40
[27]段跃芳.关于水库移民补偿问题的探讨[J].《三峡大学学报.自然科学版:》,2004.03:79
[28]蔡其华.论人水和谐[J].《中国三峡建设》,2006.6:4
[29]邱正光,项和祖.三峡水库农村移民安置途径[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:112-115
[30]廖蔚.水库移民经济论[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2006:388
[31]唐传利.在全国水利工程移民工作座谈会的讲话,2003.5
[32]廖文.库区及其移民问题的对策[J].《计划与市场探索》,1994.3:34-35
[33]邓国政.新农村建设背景下的水库移民后期扶持工作[J],《问题与探讨》,2007.26:294
[34]朱美荣.水库移民中安置性移民与开发性移民的比较研究[J].《地理科学进展》.1999.18:201
[35]陈德政.推行开发性移民方针、妥善安置库区移民[J].《水力发电》,1993.10:87-90
[36]梁福庆.浅谈三峡工程移民后期扶持工作[J].《水利经济》,2004.4:341-342
[37]张平,郑根保,曾军.完善水库移民“后期扶持”政策的若干思考[J].《四川水利》,2003.04:154-155
[38]蔡依平,张梦芳.水利水电工程移民安置模式多样化实证研究[J].《安徽农业科学》,2006. 34:141-142
[39]钱凤魁,王秋兵.建立和完善失地农民多途径安置模式研究[J].《安徽农业科学》.2006.34:63
[40]王波,高峰.和谐水电向家坝[J].《中国三峡建设》,2006.6:141-142
[41]赵彪,周银珍,郭崎.水库移民环境容量计算方法探讨[J],《人民长江》,2006.4:87-89
[42]王承云,蒋杰,熊军.人力资源评价与水库移民环境容量分析[J].《人民长江》,2006.7:81-82
[43]廖蔚.水库移民及其环境容量分析[J].《环境经济》,2007.6:30-35
[44]袁祜.环境经济学[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2001:254
[45]柏群,黄建明.三峡库区农村移民安置的对策探讨[J].《重庆商学院学报》,2001.3:12
[46]傅秀堂.论水库移民[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001:298
[47]郎永建.三峡库区农村移民生产与生活现状调查[J],《农村经济》,2005.4:56
[48]吴宗法,杨世港,谈采田.移民安置区土地承载力研究[J].《河海大学学报》,1999.27:129-138
[49]钱良耀.农村移民外迁安置工作浅谈[J].《中国三峡建设》,2002.12:132-134
[50]耿涛,周银珍.水库移民的社会风险极其对策研究[J],《人民长江》,2005.8:57-59
[51]施国庆.水库移民系统规划理论与应用[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1995:465-467
[52]耿涛,周银珍.水库移民经济风险极其防范何规避对策研究[J],《人民长江》.2007.2:120-126
[53]苏青,王建中.水库移民生产安置风险及对策探讨[J].《人民黄河》,2000.10:7-9
[54]游滨.可持续发展综合系统风险研究[J].《重庆大学学报》,1999.5:17-22
[55]覃爱基.水利经济效益风险分析方法的探讨[J].《水利经济》,1992.2:321-324
[56]张一军.我国水电开发与移民安置[J].《水力发电》2003.3:1-4
[57]李小云,左婷.《环境与贫困:中国实践与国际经验》[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005:141
[58]罗杯之.长江三峡工程库区农村移民安置的新思路[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:8-9
[59]冯笑天.三峡农村移民的社会适应[J].《社会学研究》,2004.5:176
[60]郎永建.三峡库区城镇移民的就业与生活现状[J].《统计观察》,2005.4:65
[61]邓立进.浅议构建和谐社会新形势下的水库移民工作[J].《建设与管理》,2007.3:93-95
[62]颜帮全.三峡库区旅游业的发展与对策[J].《城市改革与发展》,2003.1:76-79
[63]傅显捷.三峡库区农村移民搬迁情况调查与分析[J].《重庆三峡学院学报》,2001.4:20
[64]左妮红,崔宇平.被征地农民的安置与社会保障状况调研及对策[J].《广西民族大学学报》.2006.12:12-14
[65]鲍海君.论失业农民社会保障体系建设[J].《管理世界》,2002.10:32
[66]刘本荣.关于移民经济可持续发展思考[J].《山区开发》,2003.1:2-3
[67]陈萍,尹迅飞,王国强.谈水利水电工程建设征地农村移民生产安置规划[J].《水库与移民》,2006.8:212-214
[68]吴运霞.移民安置环境容量评估及相关问题初探[J].《集团经济研究》,2006.6:24-25
[69]周浩.国外移民模式[J].《人口研究》,1999.3:198-200
[70]何跃.程艳霞.三峡库区移民后期扶持问题及对策研究[J].《重庆社会科学》,2005.5:54
[71]周晓春,冯笑天.三峡农村移民的潜在贫困风险[J].《统计与决策》,2002.2:25-29
[72]易桂林,邵慧敏.将水库移民由全失地农民变为半失地农民的探讨[J].《安徽农业科学》,2007.35:231
[73]王晓洁,陈树新.被征地农民社会保障制度建设研究[J].《经济研究参考》,2005.29:40
[74]程晓阳.发挥移民党员作用促进和谐库区建设[J].《构建和谐社会》,2006.4:8
[75]武吉海.新农村建设必须注意的几个问题[J].《学习导报》,2006.05:54-57
[76]陈析宇,陈辉.安置区环境容量的调查与分析[J].《浙江水利水电专科学校学报》,2001.13:154
[77]卢海元.土地换保障:妥善安置时失地农民的基本设想[J].《中国农村观察》,2003.2:4
[78]孙作林.水库移民风险评估[J].《水利科技与经济》,2006.1:9-11
[79]方长荣.大中型水电工程移民管理体制现状及发展探讨[J].《人民长江》,2003.12:41
[80]徐志初.城市化进程中失地农民问题及解决途径[J],《中共成都市委党校学报》,2006.5:32-37
[81]熊利亚,夏朝宗.金沙江向家坝库区土地承载力与移民安置容量分析[J].《中国土地资源战略与区域协调发展研究》,2006.5:39-45
[82]段跃芳.水库移民补偿理论与实证研究[D],华中科技大学,2003:59-601
[83]董献明.云南库区农村移民生产安置规划方案浅探[J].《广西水利水电》,2004.1:173
[84]钟水映.论工程性移民的可持续安置和发展对策[J].《人口研究》,1998.3:1-2
[85]段跃芳.开发性移民政策:概念框架、应用及发展[J].《江汉论坛》,2007.7:132
[86]梁福庆.非自愿性移民安置稳定研究[J].《三峡学院学报》,2007.24:1-2
[87]钟水映.西部大开发中工程性移民的风险与对策[J].《中国软科学》,2001.1:1-2
[88]郑瑞强.水库移民安置理论概述[J].《水利发展研究》,2007.7:1-2
[89]孙汉民,王延刚.水库移民工作的法律体系、政策及水库移民的安置方式[J].《黑龙江水利科技》,2006.34:1-2
[90]余长富.水库移民安置及后期扶持政策与实践式[J].《湖南水利水电》,2008.3:1-2
[91]刘发国,蔡顺昌.基于以人为本的三峡移民后期扶持工作思考[J].《重庆三峡学院学报》,2005.4:14-16
[92]颜帮全,蒲晓东.三峡库区农村移民城镇化对策研究[J],《农村经济》,2005.1:133
[93]何贤举.浅论三峡库区农村移民致富问题[J].《经济与管理》,2006.1:31-34
[94]范敏,刘德容.我国水库移民工作经验分析与对策探讨[J].《南水北调与水利科技》,2006.01:77
[95]杨涛.中国水库移民反贫困的思考[J].《前沿》,2005.8:196-198
[96]黄奏球.社会主义新农村建设的辩证思考[J].《政策》,2006.05:32-34
[97]杨凤洲.试论水库工程农村移民安置问题[J].《人民黄河》,1992.09:17-19
[98]邓国政.新农村建设背景下的水库移民后期扶持工作[J].《问题与探讨》,2007.26:77
[99]黄乔国.认真总结经验加快解决水库移民问题的步伐[J].《南方农村》,2006.02:14
[100]杜金平,李明达,李杰.试论三峡水库农村移民非土地安置途径[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:21-23
[101]良祁.扶持水库移民、彰显政府责任[J].《广西电业》,2006.09:21-22
[102]王伟.论新形势下水利水电工程移民安置[J].《山西水利》,2006.12:127-129
[103]余纪云.大中型水利水电工程的征地移民问题[J].《中国土地》,2006.07:41
[104]康引戎,何汉生.水利工程移民兼业生产安置探讨[J].《水利水电快报》,2004.12:29
[105]韩兰,秦莉.丹江口库区农村移民外迁安置区农业生产现状分析[J].《水利水电快报》,2005.19:26-31
[106]朱兆才,冯峻林,谢强富.大型水电工程移民安置实施规划探索与实践[J],《水力发电》,2006.11:35-36
[107]陈爱巧.“拆迁安置”必须让利于民[J].《农村财政与财务》,2004.10:247-249
[108]张海军.浅谈水库移民后期扶持政策的发展与完善[J].《贵州水力发电》,2004.4:23
[109]熊晓林.三峡库区外迁移民安置方式研究[J].《湖北成人教育学院学报》,2005.5:65-66
[110]尹忠武.水库农村移民生产安置人口计算方法初探[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:11-15
[2]唐传利.在全国移民系统办公室主任会议上的讲话,2001.8
[3]李晓明.国务院对大中型水库移民再予扶持[J].《新农业》,2006.10:254-257
[4]傅秀堂.水库移民工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:122
[5]李东琀,初文森.水库移民安置规划工作国内外动态研究[J].《黑龙江水利科技》,2008. 5:19-20
[6] Klaus J.Bade.Europa in Bewegung,Migration vom spaeten 18.Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. Muenchen: Verlage C. H.Beck ,2002:1154-1159
[7]傅志华,刘德雄.国外水库移民与开发的经验和启示[J],《经济研究参考》,2001.36:37-481
[8] Michael M.Cernea.《移民与发展》[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1999:387
[9] Mahapatra,1996:.Ecomigration:linkages between environmental change and migration International Center for Migration,Ethnicity and Citizenship,New School for Social Research. Migration Policy in Global Perspective Series. Occasional Paper, No.2006:768-769
[10] Stephen Castles and Mark J1 Miller .The Age of Migration—International Population Movements in the Modern World[J].New York:The Guilford Press,1998:23
[11] Michael.M.Cernea.Risks,safeguards, and Reconstruction:a model for population displacement in Risks and Reconstruction-Experiences of resettlers and refugees[J].The World Bank, Washington,D.C, 2000:43-47
[12] Christo Pher McDowell,lmPoverishment Risk sandLive lihoods:Towards a Frmaework for Researeh, proeeedings of Intenrational SymPosium on Resettlement&SoeialDevelopment[C],HoHai University Press,2002:129一135
[13]范治晖.坚持开发性移民方针搞好水库移民后期扶持[J].《中国水利报》,2002.12:65-66
[14]施国庆.中国水库移民综述[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2006:312-313
[15]曾建生.水利水电工程征地移民问题分析和对策研究[J].《广东水利水电》,2002.8:28-29
[16]申晓梅.四川失地农民就业与保障问题的调查思考[J].《社会科学研究》,2005.4:126-128
[17]陶景良.试论水工程建设的开发性移民[J].《水力发电》,2007.9:2-4
[18]张春美.施国庆.对水库移民后期扶持范围问题的探讨[J].《江西社会科学》,2007.9:35-37
[19]梁双林,邓霖.加大农业安置移民后期扶持工作力度[J].《决策参考》,2007.3:41-45
[20]林龙飞,刘建平.库区移民安置的新思路[J].《生态环境》,2008.9:76-79
[21]游滨,刘敢新,彭建国.三峡库区移民风险研究[J].《重庆大学学报》,2001.7:33-40
[22]陈绍军,施国庆.中国非志愿移民贫困分析[J].《甘肃社会科学》,2003.5:117
[23]杨帆,余建星.水利工程移民安置工作的风险分析与评价[J].《水利学报》,2005.10:1-2
[24]陈绍军.水库移民社会风险评价[J].《水利经济》,2005.02:34-36
[25]施国庆.对水库移民后期扶持范围问题的探讨[J],《江西社会科学》.2007.9:249-251
[26]李丹,白月竹.水库移民安置的社会风险分析与评估[J].《中国农村水利水电》,2007.6:33-40
[27]段跃芳.关于水库移民补偿问题的探讨[J].《三峡大学学报.自然科学版:》,2004.03:79
[28]蔡其华.论人水和谐[J].《中国三峡建设》,2006.6:4
[29]邱正光,项和祖.三峡水库农村移民安置途径[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:112-115
[30]廖蔚.水库移民经济论[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2006:388
[31]唐传利.在全国水利工程移民工作座谈会的讲话,2003.5
[32]廖文.库区及其移民问题的对策[J].《计划与市场探索》,1994.3:34-35
[33]邓国政.新农村建设背景下的水库移民后期扶持工作[J],《问题与探讨》,2007.26:294
[34]朱美荣.水库移民中安置性移民与开发性移民的比较研究[J].《地理科学进展》.1999.18:201
[35]陈德政.推行开发性移民方针、妥善安置库区移民[J].《水力发电》,1993.10:87-90
[36]梁福庆.浅谈三峡工程移民后期扶持工作[J].《水利经济》,2004.4:341-342
[37]张平,郑根保,曾军.完善水库移民“后期扶持”政策的若干思考[J].《四川水利》,2003.04:154-155
[38]蔡依平,张梦芳.水利水电工程移民安置模式多样化实证研究[J].《安徽农业科学》,2006. 34:141-142
[39]钱凤魁,王秋兵.建立和完善失地农民多途径安置模式研究[J].《安徽农业科学》.2006.34:63
[40]王波,高峰.和谐水电向家坝[J].《中国三峡建设》,2006.6:141-142
[41]赵彪,周银珍,郭崎.水库移民环境容量计算方法探讨[J],《人民长江》,2006.4:87-89
[42]王承云,蒋杰,熊军.人力资源评价与水库移民环境容量分析[J].《人民长江》,2006.7:81-82
[43]廖蔚.水库移民及其环境容量分析[J].《环境经济》,2007.6:30-35
[44]袁祜.环境经济学[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2001:254
[45]柏群,黄建明.三峡库区农村移民安置的对策探讨[J].《重庆商学院学报》,2001.3:12
[46]傅秀堂.论水库移民[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001:298
[47]郎永建.三峡库区农村移民生产与生活现状调查[J],《农村经济》,2005.4:56
[48]吴宗法,杨世港,谈采田.移民安置区土地承载力研究[J].《河海大学学报》,1999.27:129-138
[49]钱良耀.农村移民外迁安置工作浅谈[J].《中国三峡建设》,2002.12:132-134
[50]耿涛,周银珍.水库移民的社会风险极其对策研究[J],《人民长江》,2005.8:57-59
[51]施国庆.水库移民系统规划理论与应用[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1995:465-467
[52]耿涛,周银珍.水库移民经济风险极其防范何规避对策研究[J],《人民长江》.2007.2:120-126
[53]苏青,王建中.水库移民生产安置风险及对策探讨[J].《人民黄河》,2000.10:7-9
[54]游滨.可持续发展综合系统风险研究[J].《重庆大学学报》,1999.5:17-22
[55]覃爱基.水利经济效益风险分析方法的探讨[J].《水利经济》,1992.2:321-324
[56]张一军.我国水电开发与移民安置[J].《水力发电》2003.3:1-4
[57]李小云,左婷.《环境与贫困:中国实践与国际经验》[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005:141
[58]罗杯之.长江三峡工程库区农村移民安置的新思路[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:8-9
[59]冯笑天.三峡农村移民的社会适应[J].《社会学研究》,2004.5:176
[60]郎永建.三峡库区城镇移民的就业与生活现状[J].《统计观察》,2005.4:65
[61]邓立进.浅议构建和谐社会新形势下的水库移民工作[J].《建设与管理》,2007.3:93-95
[62]颜帮全.三峡库区旅游业的发展与对策[J].《城市改革与发展》,2003.1:76-79
[63]傅显捷.三峡库区农村移民搬迁情况调查与分析[J].《重庆三峡学院学报》,2001.4:20
[64]左妮红,崔宇平.被征地农民的安置与社会保障状况调研及对策[J].《广西民族大学学报》.2006.12:12-14
[65]鲍海君.论失业农民社会保障体系建设[J].《管理世界》,2002.10:32
[66]刘本荣.关于移民经济可持续发展思考[J].《山区开发》,2003.1:2-3
[67]陈萍,尹迅飞,王国强.谈水利水电工程建设征地农村移民生产安置规划[J].《水库与移民》,2006.8:212-214
[68]吴运霞.移民安置环境容量评估及相关问题初探[J].《集团经济研究》,2006.6:24-25
[69]周浩.国外移民模式[J].《人口研究》,1999.3:198-200
[70]何跃.程艳霞.三峡库区移民后期扶持问题及对策研究[J].《重庆社会科学》,2005.5:54
[71]周晓春,冯笑天.三峡农村移民的潜在贫困风险[J].《统计与决策》,2002.2:25-29
[72]易桂林,邵慧敏.将水库移民由全失地农民变为半失地农民的探讨[J].《安徽农业科学》,2007.35:231
[73]王晓洁,陈树新.被征地农民社会保障制度建设研究[J].《经济研究参考》,2005.29:40
[74]程晓阳.发挥移民党员作用促进和谐库区建设[J].《构建和谐社会》,2006.4:8
[75]武吉海.新农村建设必须注意的几个问题[J].《学习导报》,2006.05:54-57
[76]陈析宇,陈辉.安置区环境容量的调查与分析[J].《浙江水利水电专科学校学报》,2001.13:154
[77]卢海元.土地换保障:妥善安置时失地农民的基本设想[J].《中国农村观察》,2003.2:4
[78]孙作林.水库移民风险评估[J].《水利科技与经济》,2006.1:9-11
[79]方长荣.大中型水电工程移民管理体制现状及发展探讨[J].《人民长江》,2003.12:41
[80]徐志初.城市化进程中失地农民问题及解决途径[J],《中共成都市委党校学报》,2006.5:32-37
[81]熊利亚,夏朝宗.金沙江向家坝库区土地承载力与移民安置容量分析[J].《中国土地资源战略与区域协调发展研究》,2006.5:39-45
[82]段跃芳.水库移民补偿理论与实证研究[D],华中科技大学,2003:59-601
[83]董献明.云南库区农村移民生产安置规划方案浅探[J].《广西水利水电》,2004.1:173
[84]钟水映.论工程性移民的可持续安置和发展对策[J].《人口研究》,1998.3:1-2
[85]段跃芳.开发性移民政策:概念框架、应用及发展[J].《江汉论坛》,2007.7:132
[86]梁福庆.非自愿性移民安置稳定研究[J].《三峡学院学报》,2007.24:1-2
[87]钟水映.西部大开发中工程性移民的风险与对策[J].《中国软科学》,2001.1:1-2
[88]郑瑞强.水库移民安置理论概述[J].《水利发展研究》,2007.7:1-2
[89]孙汉民,王延刚.水库移民工作的法律体系、政策及水库移民的安置方式[J].《黑龙江水利科技》,2006.34:1-2
[90]余长富.水库移民安置及后期扶持政策与实践式[J].《湖南水利水电》,2008.3:1-2
[91]刘发国,蔡顺昌.基于以人为本的三峡移民后期扶持工作思考[J].《重庆三峡学院学报》,2005.4:14-16
[92]颜帮全,蒲晓东.三峡库区农村移民城镇化对策研究[J],《农村经济》,2005.1:133
[93]何贤举.浅论三峡库区农村移民致富问题[J].《经济与管理》,2006.1:31-34
[94]范敏,刘德容.我国水库移民工作经验分析与对策探讨[J].《南水北调与水利科技》,2006.01:77
[95]杨涛.中国水库移民反贫困的思考[J].《前沿》,2005.8:196-198
[96]黄奏球.社会主义新农村建设的辩证思考[J].《政策》,2006.05:32-34
[97]杨凤洲.试论水库工程农村移民安置问题[J].《人民黄河》,1992.09:17-19
[98]邓国政.新农村建设背景下的水库移民后期扶持工作[J].《问题与探讨》,2007.26:77
[99]黄乔国.认真总结经验加快解决水库移民问题的步伐[J].《南方农村》,2006.02:14
[100]杜金平,李明达,李杰.试论三峡水库农村移民非土地安置途径[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:21-23
[101]良祁.扶持水库移民、彰显政府责任[J].《广西电业》,2006.09:21-22
[102]王伟.论新形势下水利水电工程移民安置[J].《山西水利》,2006.12:127-129
[103]余纪云.大中型水利水电工程的征地移民问题[J].《中国土地》,2006.07:41
[104]康引戎,何汉生.水利工程移民兼业生产安置探讨[J].《水利水电快报》,2004.12:29
[105]韩兰,秦莉.丹江口库区农村移民外迁安置区农业生产现状分析[J].《水利水电快报》,2005.19:26-31
[106]朱兆才,冯峻林,谢强富.大型水电工程移民安置实施规划探索与实践[J],《水力发电》,2006.11:35-36
[107]陈爱巧.“拆迁安置”必须让利于民[J].《农村财政与财务》,2004.10:247-249
[108]张海军.浅谈水库移民后期扶持政策的发展与完善[J].《贵州水力发电》,2004.4:23
[109]熊晓林.三峡库区外迁移民安置方式研究[J].《湖北成人教育学院学报》,2005.5:65-66
[110]尹忠武.水库农村移民生产安置人口计算方法初探[J].《人民长江》,1999.11:11-15