构件式开发平台的设计与实现
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摘要
随着软件技术的飞速进步,软件工程学也逐渐得到一系列的关注和研究。从软件工程学诞生的那天开始,软件工程学经历了许多具有里程碑意义的阶段,最早的是一种传统的软件工程模式,该模式将软件的设计提升到工程级的高度。然后,人们根据软件技术基于算法的发展方向提出了适合基于算法设计的线性模型。随后,人们逐渐认识到客户需求的重要性,由此提出了与客户互动性较高的原型实现模型和螺旋模型。如今,基于构件的软件开发技术极大地提高了软件的生产效率,这也使得基于构件的软件工程方法学得到了广泛的专注。
阐述了传统的软件工程各个模型的优势以及其不足的地方,介绍了基于构件的软件工程的特点,并将传统的软件工程与基于构件的软件工程进行比较,最后表明了构件式的软件工程是软件工程学发展的重要方向,与此同时,本文还介绍了构件式软件工程的设计过程、设计方法以及一些重要的设计工具等等。
研究了经典的MVC模式,并在此基础上进行了改造,运用MVC模式加上Command模式对构件式开发平台进行设计,在设计的过程中提出了三个世界的构想,使得整个平台层次分明。基于此平台上开发出的产品,从仿生学的角度看就像一个蜂房的结构,由一个个功能不同结构相似的构件构成,这样的结构使得在此平台上开发出来的产品具有很好的规范性和可装配性。
设计并实现了构件式开发平台,并通过ERP产品中的一个小工具对此平台进行了可行性验证,介绍了构件的设计过程以及配置用例的设计过程,然后利用平台引擎将设计好的构件和配置用例进行整合使之成为可发布的产品。此应用实例的介绍不但验证了此平台的可行性,而且充分展现了基于此平台开发的产品的易维护性和易装配性。
The development of software technology is through several phases, from program design based on algorithms to structured software development, from object oriented programming software development which is prevalent recently to software development based on component technologies. The development of software technologies brings the software engineering to the world and it develops continuously with the development of software technologies. The development of software technology is also through several phases, from traditional software engineering to recent object oriented software engineering and software engineering based on component technologies.
This thesis introduces the characteristics of software engineering based on components and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each models of traditional software engineering. It also compares the software engineering based on components with the traditional software engineering and proves that the software engineering based on components is the trend of software engineering development. Finally, it introduces the process, methods and tools of software engineering based on components in brief.
The thesis researches the classic MVC pattern and reconstruct on this pattern. It applies Command pattern to the MVC pattern in the design of component developing platform and introduces the concept of“three worlds”in the process of design that makes the levels of whole platform clear. The products that develop from this platform seem as a honeycomb in the perspective of bionics, since they are composed by many components which are different in function but similar in structure. The products in this structure are excellent in normalization and friendly assemblage. This thesis designs and implements component developing platform and validate the feasibility of this platform through a small tool in an ERP product. It introduces the process of component design and the process of configuration examples design, then it composes the designed components and configuration examples using platform engine, which makes the whole a releasable product. The introduction of this application example not only validates the feasibility of this platform, but also exhibits the friendly maintainability and assemblage of the products which developed from this platform sufficiently.
阐述了传统的软件工程各个模型的优势以及其不足的地方,介绍了基于构件的软件工程的特点,并将传统的软件工程与基于构件的软件工程进行比较,最后表明了构件式的软件工程是软件工程学发展的重要方向,与此同时,本文还介绍了构件式软件工程的设计过程、设计方法以及一些重要的设计工具等等。
研究了经典的MVC模式,并在此基础上进行了改造,运用MVC模式加上Command模式对构件式开发平台进行设计,在设计的过程中提出了三个世界的构想,使得整个平台层次分明。基于此平台上开发出的产品,从仿生学的角度看就像一个蜂房的结构,由一个个功能不同结构相似的构件构成,这样的结构使得在此平台上开发出来的产品具有很好的规范性和可装配性。
设计并实现了构件式开发平台,并通过ERP产品中的一个小工具对此平台进行了可行性验证,介绍了构件的设计过程以及配置用例的设计过程,然后利用平台引擎将设计好的构件和配置用例进行整合使之成为可发布的产品。此应用实例的介绍不但验证了此平台的可行性,而且充分展现了基于此平台开发的产品的易维护性和易装配性。
The development of software technology is through several phases, from program design based on algorithms to structured software development, from object oriented programming software development which is prevalent recently to software development based on component technologies. The development of software technologies brings the software engineering to the world and it develops continuously with the development of software technologies. The development of software technology is also through several phases, from traditional software engineering to recent object oriented software engineering and software engineering based on component technologies.
This thesis introduces the characteristics of software engineering based on components and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each models of traditional software engineering. It also compares the software engineering based on components with the traditional software engineering and proves that the software engineering based on components is the trend of software engineering development. Finally, it introduces the process, methods and tools of software engineering based on components in brief.
The thesis researches the classic MVC pattern and reconstruct on this pattern. It applies Command pattern to the MVC pattern in the design of component developing platform and introduces the concept of“three worlds”in the process of design that makes the levels of whole platform clear. The products that develop from this platform seem as a honeycomb in the perspective of bionics, since they are composed by many components which are different in function but similar in structure. The products in this structure are excellent in normalization and friendly assemblage. This thesis designs and implements component developing platform and validate the feasibility of this platform through a small tool in an ERP product. It introduces the process of component design and the process of configuration examples design, then it composes the designed components and configuration examples using platform engine, which makes the whole a releasable product. The introduction of this application example not only validates the feasibility of this platform, but also exhibits the friendly maintainability and assemblage of the products which developed from this platform sufficiently.
引文
[1]杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报,2005,16(1):1256-1258.
[2]王志坚,费玉奎,姿渊清.软件构件技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,12-14.
[3]耿勇刚.基于构件的应用软件系统的体系结构及其开发模型[J].计算机研究与发展.2002,23(7): 49-53.
[4]罗鸿.ERP原理设计实施.第二版[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004,67-70.
[5]王东迪.ERP开发实例详解之财务人事新资篇-East light ERP[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004,34-36.
[6]叶宏漠.企业资源规划ERP-整合资源管理篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002,103-105.
[7]周玉清,刘伯莹,周强.ERP与企业管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2006,3-5.
[8]孙家广.863:推进中国ERP的发展[J].中国制造业信息化.2003,32(7):9-10.
[9] (美)Roger S. Pressman著,梅宏译.软件工程-实践者的研究方法.第五版[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002,522-524.
[10]Adel Smeda, Mourad Oussalah, and Tahar Khammaci.Software Connectors Reuse in Component-Based Systems[C] . Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration.2003,309-313.
[11]AlanW.Brown.大规模基于构件的软件开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003,9-10.
[12]Brown A.W., Wallnau K.C.The Current State of CBSE[C].IEEE Computer.1998, 37-46.
[13]刘江宁,吴泉源,周立.几种构件模型的比较分析.web.tongji.edu.cn.2005-10-16.
[14]JIA XiaoHui, CHEN DeHua, YAN Mei,et al.Research on Matching Model and Algorithm for Faceted-Based Software Component Query[J].JOURNAL OF COMPUTER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,2004,41(10):1634-1638.
[15]Clemens Szyperski, Dominik Gruntz,Stephan Murer.Component Software:Beyond Object-Oriented Programming,Second Edition[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003,98-103.
[16]朱永国.信息化人力资源管理[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社.2006,35-40.
[17]Katharine Whitehead.Component-Based Development Principles and Planning for Business Systems[M].Unisys Corporation.2001,134-139.
[18]李克勤,杨芙清等.领域工程概述[J].计算机科学.1999,5(26),21-25.
[19]张伟,梅宏.一种面向特征的领域模型及其建模过程[J].软件学报.2003,14(8):1345-1256.
[20]梅宏,陈锋,冯耀东等.ABC:基于体系结构、面向构件的软件开发方法[J] .软件学报.2003,14(4):721-732.
[21]Hall P.A.V. Architecture-Driven Component Reuse[J].Information and Software Technology.1999,41(11):963-968.
[22]余先庆.构件、构件库、构件化开发方法[J].中国科学院研究生院学报.1998,15(1):367-369.
[23]普大营,曹宝香.基于XML刻面构件描述与检索算法研究[J].计算机系统应用.2008,15(2):55-58.
[24]翁南衫,蔡得钧.基于构件的软件工程及其测试、维护和实践[J].计算机工程与应用.2000,13(2):245-247.
[25]王孝明等.基于.NET平台可复用软件框架的设计与实现[J] .计算机工程.2004,34(21):632-635.
[26](美)Juval Lowy著,常晓波,朱剑平译.COM与.NET组件服务.北京:中国电力出版社.2002:236-238.
[27] (美)Jeffrey Richter等著,李建忠等译.Microsoft .NET框架程序设计(修订版)[M ].北京:清华大学出版,2003:258-270.
[28]C.Guareis de Farias,M.van Sinderen,L. Ferreira Pires.A systematic approach for component-based software development[C] . In: European Concurrent Engineering Conference. London,2000,45-48.
[29]杨晔等.一种基于SOAP的实现异种分布式组件互操作的方法[J].计算机工程.2001,27(10):526-528.
[30]J.Gil,D.H.Lorenz.Design patterns and language design[J].Computer.1998,31(3):118-120.
[2]王志坚,费玉奎,姿渊清.软件构件技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,12-14.
[3]耿勇刚.基于构件的应用软件系统的体系结构及其开发模型[J].计算机研究与发展.2002,23(7): 49-53.
[4]罗鸿.ERP原理设计实施.第二版[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004,67-70.
[5]王东迪.ERP开发实例详解之财务人事新资篇-East light ERP[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004,34-36.
[6]叶宏漠.企业资源规划ERP-整合资源管理篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002,103-105.
[7]周玉清,刘伯莹,周强.ERP与企业管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2006,3-5.
[8]孙家广.863:推进中国ERP的发展[J].中国制造业信息化.2003,32(7):9-10.
[9] (美)Roger S. Pressman著,梅宏译.软件工程-实践者的研究方法.第五版[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002,522-524.
[10]Adel Smeda, Mourad Oussalah, and Tahar Khammaci.Software Connectors Reuse in Component-Based Systems[C] . Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration.2003,309-313.
[11]AlanW.Brown.大规模基于构件的软件开发[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003,9-10.
[12]Brown A.W., Wallnau K.C.The Current State of CBSE[C].IEEE Computer.1998, 37-46.
[13]刘江宁,吴泉源,周立.几种构件模型的比较分析.web.tongji.edu.cn.2005-10-16.
[14]JIA XiaoHui, CHEN DeHua, YAN Mei,et al.Research on Matching Model and Algorithm for Faceted-Based Software Component Query[J].JOURNAL OF COMPUTER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,2004,41(10):1634-1638.
[15]Clemens Szyperski, Dominik Gruntz,Stephan Murer.Component Software:Beyond Object-Oriented Programming,Second Edition[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003,98-103.
[16]朱永国.信息化人力资源管理[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社.2006,35-40.
[17]Katharine Whitehead.Component-Based Development Principles and Planning for Business Systems[M].Unisys Corporation.2001,134-139.
[18]李克勤,杨芙清等.领域工程概述[J].计算机科学.1999,5(26),21-25.
[19]张伟,梅宏.一种面向特征的领域模型及其建模过程[J].软件学报.2003,14(8):1345-1256.
[20]梅宏,陈锋,冯耀东等.ABC:基于体系结构、面向构件的软件开发方法[J] .软件学报.2003,14(4):721-732.
[21]Hall P.A.V. Architecture-Driven Component Reuse[J].Information and Software Technology.1999,41(11):963-968.
[22]余先庆.构件、构件库、构件化开发方法[J].中国科学院研究生院学报.1998,15(1):367-369.
[23]普大营,曹宝香.基于XML刻面构件描述与检索算法研究[J].计算机系统应用.2008,15(2):55-58.
[24]翁南衫,蔡得钧.基于构件的软件工程及其测试、维护和实践[J].计算机工程与应用.2000,13(2):245-247.
[25]王孝明等.基于.NET平台可复用软件框架的设计与实现[J] .计算机工程.2004,34(21):632-635.
[26](美)Juval Lowy著,常晓波,朱剑平译.COM与.NET组件服务.北京:中国电力出版社.2002:236-238.
[27] (美)Jeffrey Richter等著,李建忠等译.Microsoft .NET框架程序设计(修订版)[M ].北京:清华大学出版,2003:258-270.
[28]C.Guareis de Farias,M.van Sinderen,L. Ferreira Pires.A systematic approach for component-based software development[C] . In: European Concurrent Engineering Conference. London,2000,45-48.
[29]杨晔等.一种基于SOAP的实现异种分布式组件互操作的方法[J].计算机工程.2001,27(10):526-528.
[30]J.Gil,D.H.Lorenz.Design patterns and language design[J].Computer.1998,31(3):118-120.