水稻簇生穗突变体Cl-dz的形态特征及遗传定位
摘要
水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,其花器官的发育结果直接影响稻谷产量和稻米品质。作为单子叶和禾本科植物的模式植物,水稻花器官发育调控的遗传和分子机制研究已成为植物发育生物学研究的热点。发育生物学的发展促进了对植物花器官形态、属性的认识,与花器官发育相关基因的研究已成为植物发育生物学研究的热点。花的发育是开花植物生殖生长期最明显的特征,花器官的形成程序则是植物的重要遗传特征之一,植物花的发育是营养生长向生殖生长转变的结果。这种转变导致形成一个比营养器官更为复杂的结构,即花序。因此,植物花的形态发育过程为研究基因调控的分子机理提供了一个合适的系统。水稻作为单子叶植物的模式植物,研究水稻生殖发育,特别是关于开花起始诱导和花器官发生等的分子遗传机理,在理论和实践上都具有重要意义。在双子叶模式植物拟南芥和金鱼草中已发现了多个花序变异突变体,并已克隆了相关基因,如拟南芥中的LFY和TFL及金鱼草中的FLO等。在单子叶植物水稻中,也已经获得了一些花序形态结构发生变异的突变体,如穗轴卷曲突变体fzp和稀穗突变体lax。
前期研究中,我们在籼稻保持系抗丰B与金谷B的杂交后代中发现了一个簇生穗突变体(Cl-dz)。本研究通过穗部解剖结构、石蜡切片、扫描电镜观察和突变性状的遗传分析等方面对该突变体进行了鉴定,并对其相关基因进行了初步的分子标记定位。主要结果如下:
1 Cl-dz突变体的表型特征
与野生型水稻相比,突变体的植株稍高,株型较为松散,小穗数目略有下降,谷粒稍大。在二次枝梗顶端2-3粒小穗簇生在一起,呈“W”形,育性、结实正常。解剖镜观察发现,突变体在二次枝梗顶端小穗着生部呈现不同,突变体比野生型小枝梗排列更紧凑。石蜡切片观察,在二次枝梗顶端小穗小枝梗着生部细胞没有发现异常。
2扫描电镜观察突变体枝梗发育过程
从苞原基至雌雄蕊原基发育,突变体与野生型没有明显差别。从雌雄蕊原基发育到小花内外稃闭合时期,突变体出现了异常。由于二次枝梗及其顶端小穗的小枝梗发育受阻,导致二次枝梗上的2-3粒小穗簇生在一起。
3突变性状的遗传分析
以突变体作为父本,与多个水稻材料杂交衍生F2群体,或利用杂交F1与突变体回交衍生BC_1F_1代植株,调查突变性状在各种背景下的分离。突变性状的分离分析表明,F_2分离群体正常株与突变株均符合3:1的分离比例,BC_1F_1群体符合1:1的比例,表明该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制,暂时将该基因命名为Cl-dz。
4突变基因的定位
以G46B与Cl-dz配制的F_2群体为定位群体,选取6号染色体上的已公布的SSR标记进行遗传连锁分析,将基因定位在SSR标记RM1340和RM6036之间,遗传距离分别为3.6CM和7.0CM。
Rice is one of the most important grain crops in the world.The developmental result of the floral organ directly influences on the output and the quality of rice.Rice is a representative monocotyledon and a gramineous model crop.The research on the genetic and molecular mechanism of the developmental regulation of rice floral organ has been the focal point of research on the developmental biology of plants.The development of the developmental biology of plants has improved the knowledge about the shape and the attribute of the floral organ,which has been the focal point of research on the developmental biology of plants together with the research on floral organ development related gene.The development of flower is the obvious characteristic in the reproductive growth period.The forming process of the floral organ is one of the importance characteristics of plants.The development of flower is the result of transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.Such a transformation causes the formation of a structure more complex than the vegetative organ,that is,inflorescence.Therefore,the process of the morphological development of flower provides a system suitable for the research on the molecular mechanism of the genetic regulation.The rice is the model plant of the monocotyledon so the researches on the reproductive development of rice, especially the molecular genetic mechanisms of flower induction and floral organ generation,are important in theory and in practice.Multiple inflorescence mutants have been found in dicotyledonous Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus;and the related genes thereof,such as LFY and TFL in Arabidopsis thaliana and FLO in Antirrhinum majus,have been cloned.Some inflorescence mutants relating to the mutation of morphological structure,such as spike-stalk curled mutant FZP and lax-spiked mutant Lax,have been also found in monogenus rice.
A fascicled mutant(Cl-dz) has been found in the filial generation of maintainer line Kangfeng B and Jin-gu B of indica rice.Such a mutant was identified through observation of spike anatomy and paraffin section,observation under scanning electronic microscope and genetic analysis of the mutant character.The related genes thereof were primarily located by molecular marker.The main results are as follows:
1.Phenotypic characteristic of Cl-dz mutant:Compared with wild type,the mutant tyre is slightly higher;the plant type is not compact;the number of the spikes decreases a little; and the grain is a little bigger.Two or three pieces of spikes at the top of the secondary rachis branch are fascicled in 'W' shape.Flowering and fructification are normal.Being observed under the anatomical lens,the mutant has more cells than the wild type at the growing parts of the last two spikes at the top of the secondary rachis branch.Being observed from the paraffin section,no anomaly was found at the growing part of the spike at the top of the secondary rachis branch.
2.Observation of developmental process of mutant spike under scanning electronic microscope:The mutant had no obvious difference from the wild type during the forming process from bract primordium to floral primordium;the mutant was abnormal during the period from floral primordium to closure of flower glume;two to three pieces of spikes at the top of the secondary rachis branch were fascicled due to the abnormal development of the rachis branch of the top spike.
3.Genetic analysis of mutant trait:The F_2 and BC_1F_1 populations came from the mutant crossing with other rice materials and investigated mutant characteristics under each kind of background separation,the separate analysis of the mutant character showed that the F_2 separation proportion of the normal plants to the mutant plants was 3:1 and the BC_1F_1 was 1:1.It showed that the mutant character was controlled by a pair of recessive genes,which was temporarily called Cl-dz.
4.The F_2 population came from the mutant crossing with G46B was used to map the gene.The publicized SSR marker on the chromosome No.6 was selected for genetic linkage analysis;the gene was located between SSR marker,that is,RM1340 and RM6036;and the genetic distances were 3.6 CM and 7.0 CM,respectively.
前期研究中,我们在籼稻保持系抗丰B与金谷B的杂交后代中发现了一个簇生穗突变体(Cl-dz)。本研究通过穗部解剖结构、石蜡切片、扫描电镜观察和突变性状的遗传分析等方面对该突变体进行了鉴定,并对其相关基因进行了初步的分子标记定位。主要结果如下:
1 Cl-dz突变体的表型特征
与野生型水稻相比,突变体的植株稍高,株型较为松散,小穗数目略有下降,谷粒稍大。在二次枝梗顶端2-3粒小穗簇生在一起,呈“W”形,育性、结实正常。解剖镜观察发现,突变体在二次枝梗顶端小穗着生部呈现不同,突变体比野生型小枝梗排列更紧凑。石蜡切片观察,在二次枝梗顶端小穗小枝梗着生部细胞没有发现异常。
2扫描电镜观察突变体枝梗发育过程
从苞原基至雌雄蕊原基发育,突变体与野生型没有明显差别。从雌雄蕊原基发育到小花内外稃闭合时期,突变体出现了异常。由于二次枝梗及其顶端小穗的小枝梗发育受阻,导致二次枝梗上的2-3粒小穗簇生在一起。
3突变性状的遗传分析
以突变体作为父本,与多个水稻材料杂交衍生F2群体,或利用杂交F1与突变体回交衍生BC_1F_1代植株,调查突变性状在各种背景下的分离。突变性状的分离分析表明,F_2分离群体正常株与突变株均符合3:1的分离比例,BC_1F_1群体符合1:1的比例,表明该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制,暂时将该基因命名为Cl-dz。
4突变基因的定位
以G46B与Cl-dz配制的F_2群体为定位群体,选取6号染色体上的已公布的SSR标记进行遗传连锁分析,将基因定位在SSR标记RM1340和RM6036之间,遗传距离分别为3.6CM和7.0CM。
Rice is one of the most important grain crops in the world.The developmental result of the floral organ directly influences on the output and the quality of rice.Rice is a representative monocotyledon and a gramineous model crop.The research on the genetic and molecular mechanism of the developmental regulation of rice floral organ has been the focal point of research on the developmental biology of plants.The development of the developmental biology of plants has improved the knowledge about the shape and the attribute of the floral organ,which has been the focal point of research on the developmental biology of plants together with the research on floral organ development related gene.The development of flower is the obvious characteristic in the reproductive growth period.The forming process of the floral organ is one of the importance characteristics of plants.The development of flower is the result of transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.Such a transformation causes the formation of a structure more complex than the vegetative organ,that is,inflorescence.Therefore,the process of the morphological development of flower provides a system suitable for the research on the molecular mechanism of the genetic regulation.The rice is the model plant of the monocotyledon so the researches on the reproductive development of rice, especially the molecular genetic mechanisms of flower induction and floral organ generation,are important in theory and in practice.Multiple inflorescence mutants have been found in dicotyledonous Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus;and the related genes thereof,such as LFY and TFL in Arabidopsis thaliana and FLO in Antirrhinum majus,have been cloned.Some inflorescence mutants relating to the mutation of morphological structure,such as spike-stalk curled mutant FZP and lax-spiked mutant Lax,have been also found in monogenus rice.
A fascicled mutant(Cl-dz) has been found in the filial generation of maintainer line Kangfeng B and Jin-gu B of indica rice.Such a mutant was identified through observation of spike anatomy and paraffin section,observation under scanning electronic microscope and genetic analysis of the mutant character.The related genes thereof were primarily located by molecular marker.The main results are as follows:
1.Phenotypic characteristic of Cl-dz mutant:Compared with wild type,the mutant tyre is slightly higher;the plant type is not compact;the number of the spikes decreases a little; and the grain is a little bigger.Two or three pieces of spikes at the top of the secondary rachis branch are fascicled in 'W' shape.Flowering and fructification are normal.Being observed under the anatomical lens,the mutant has more cells than the wild type at the growing parts of the last two spikes at the top of the secondary rachis branch.Being observed from the paraffin section,no anomaly was found at the growing part of the spike at the top of the secondary rachis branch.
2.Observation of developmental process of mutant spike under scanning electronic microscope:The mutant had no obvious difference from the wild type during the forming process from bract primordium to floral primordium;the mutant was abnormal during the period from floral primordium to closure of flower glume;two to three pieces of spikes at the top of the secondary rachis branch were fascicled due to the abnormal development of the rachis branch of the top spike.
3.Genetic analysis of mutant trait:The F_2 and BC_1F_1 populations came from the mutant crossing with other rice materials and investigated mutant characteristics under each kind of background separation,the separate analysis of the mutant character showed that the F_2 separation proportion of the normal plants to the mutant plants was 3:1 and the BC_1F_1 was 1:1.It showed that the mutant character was controlled by a pair of recessive genes,which was temporarily called Cl-dz.
4.The F_2 population came from the mutant crossing with G46B was used to map the gene.The publicized SSR marker on the chromosome No.6 was selected for genetic linkage analysis;the gene was located between SSR marker,that is,RM1340 and RM6036;and the genetic distances were 3.6 CM and 7.0 CM,respectively.
引文
[1]王赟 肖晗 钱前 朱立煌等.水稻稀穗突变体的遗传分析及基因的精细定位[J].科学通报,2003,48(15),1666-1670
[2]罗琼 朱立煌.水稻花发育的分子生物学研究进展[J].遗传,2002,24(1):87-93
[3]段远霖 吴为人 张丹凤等.水稻幼穗分化受阻突变体lhd的遗传分析与基因定位[J].科学通报,2003,48(15):1663-1665
[4]Weigel D,Alvarez J,Smyth D R,et al.LEAFY controls floral meristem identity in Arabidopsis[J].Cell,1992,69:843-859
[5]Shannon S,Meeks-Wanger D R.A mutation in the Arabidopsis TFL1 gene affects inflorescence meristem development[J].Plant Cell,1991,3:877-89
[6]Coen E S,Romero J M,Carpenter R,et al.Floricaula:A homeotic gene required for flower development in Antirrhinum majus[J].Cell,1990,63:1311-1322
[7]Mackill D J,Pinson R M,Rutger J N.Frizzy panicle,an EMS-induced mutant in the Japonica cultivar M-201[J].Rice Genet Newsl,1991,9:100-102
[8]Futsuhara Y,Kondo S,Kitano H,et al.Genetical studies on dense and laxl panicles in rice..Character expression and mode of laxl panicle rice[J].Jpn J Breed,1979,29:151-158
[9]Murui M,Izawa M.Effects of major genes controlling morphologyof panicle in rice[J].Breed Sci,1994,44:247-255
[10]Komatsu M,Maekawa M,Kyozuka J,et al.The LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 genes determine the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling rachis-branch and spikelet development[J].Dev Biol,2001,231:346-373
[11]Parkinson C L,Adams K L,Palmer J D.Multigene analyses identify the three earliest lineages of extant flowering plants[J].CurrBiol,1999,9(24):1485-1488.
[12]Nakagawa M.,Shimamoto K.,Kyozuka J.Overexpression of RCN1 and RCN2,rice TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS homologs,confers delay of phase transition and altered panicle morphology in rice[J].The Plant Journal,2002,29(6):743-750
[13]冯献忠 杨素欣 郭蔼光.高等植物花发育的研究进展[J].西北农业大学学报,1998,26(3):94-99
[14]李宪利 袁志友 高东升.高等植物成花分子机理研究现状及展望[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):173-183
[15]吕晋慧 张启翔.花发育调控基因的应用研究进展[J].北方园艺,2004,6:17-18
[16]田淑兰,陈敏,白书农.LFY/FLO基因与高等植物成花诱导分子机理的研究进展[J].生物学通报,1999,34(9):5-7
[17]王利琳 梁海曼 庞基良.拟南芥LEAFY基因在花发育中的网络调控及其生物学功能[J].遗传,2004,26(1):137-142
[18]Heslop-Harrison J,Sex expression in flowering plants.In:Brookhaven Symposia in Biology,1964;16,109-125.
[19]张云 刘青林.植物花发育的分子机理研究进展.植物学通报,2003:20(5):589-601.
[20]Haughn GW,Somerviler CR.Genetic control of morphogenesis in Arabidopsis.Dev Genet,1988;9:73-79
[21] Schwarz-Sommer Z,Hue I, Nacken W, Saedler H,Matsuoka M. Genetic control of flower development: homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus.Science,1990, 250: 931-936
[22] Coen ES, Meyemweitz EM. The war of the whorls:genetic interaction controlling flower development. Nature, 1991:353,31-37.
[23] WeigelD,M eyeroweitz EM.The ABCs of floral homeotic genes.Cell,1994;78:23-20
[24] Mandel M A, Gustafson-Brown C, Savidge B, et al. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APET-AL Al.Nature, 1 992,360:273-277.
[25] Jofuku K D ,den Boer BG,Montagu MV,et al.Contorl of Arabidopsis flower and seed development by the homeotic gene APETALA2.Plant Cell, 1994,6:1211-1225
[26] Huijser P,Klein J,Loennig WE,et al.Bracteomania,an inflorescence anomaly,is caused by the loss of function of the MADS-box gene squamosa in Antirrhinum majus.EMBO J.,1992 11:1239-1249.
[27] JackT,Brockman L L,Meyeorwitz E M.The homeotic gene APETALA3 of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a MADS box and is expressed in petals and stamens,cell, 1992,68: 683-697.
[28] Goto K, Meyemwitz E M.Function and regulation of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene PISTILLATA.Genes Dev.,1 994,8:1548-1560.
[29] Sommer H,J.P.Beltran P,Huijser H,et al.Deficiens,a homeotic gene involved in the control of Flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus:the portein shows homology to transcription factors.EMBO J.,1990;9:605-613.
[30] Trdbner W, Ramirez L, Motte P, et al. GLOBOSA: a homeotic gene which interacts with DEFICIENS in the contorl of Amirrhinum floral organogenesis.EMBO J.,1992;11,4693-4704.
[31] Yanofsky MF,Ma H,Bowman J L,et al.The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription factors.Nature,1990;346:35-39
[32] Bradley D,Carpenter R,Sommer H,Hartley N and Coen E. Complementary floral homeotic phenotypes result form opposite orientations of a transposon at the plena locus of Antirrhinum.Cell, 1993,72:85-95.
[33] Angenent G C, Franken J, Busscher M J, et al.A novel class of MADS-box genes is involved inovule development in Petunia. Plant Cell, 1995,7:1569-1572
[34] Theissen G, Saedler H. Floral quartets. Nature, 2001,409:469-471.
[35] Theissen G, Becker A, Rosa A D, et al .A short history of MADS-box genes in plants. Plant MolBiol, 2000, 42: 115-149.
[36] Pinyopich A, Ditta G S, Savidge B, et al.Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel an dovule development.Nature,2003(424):85-88
[37] Alvarez J,Smyth D R.CRABS CLAW and SPATMLA two Arabidopsis genes that control carpel development in parallel with AGAMOUS. Development, 1999(126): 2377-2386.
[38] Liljegren S J, Dirts G S, Eshed Y, et al.SHATTERPRO of MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis.Nature,2000(404):766-770.
[39] Favaro R, Pinyopich A, Battaglia R, et al. MADS-box protein complexes control carpel and ovule development in Arabidopsis .Plant Cell,2003(15):2603-2611.
[40] Colombo L, Franken J, Koeoe E, et al. The Petunia MADS-box gene FBP11 determines ovule identity.1995,Plant Cell,7:1859-1868.
[41]张宪省,马小杰,郭海新.胚珠发育的分子基础.植物学通报,1998,15(3):1-5.
[42]许智宏.植物发育与生殖的研究进展和展望.植物学报,1999,41:909-920.
[43]Schneitz K.The molecular and genetic control of ovule development.Curr Opin Plant Biol,1999,2:13-17.
[44]Reiser L,Modrusan Z,Margossian L,Samach A,Ohad N,Haughn G.W.The BELL gene encodes a homeodomain protein involved in pattenr formation in the Arabidopsis Ovule primordium[J].Cell,1995,83(5):735-740.
[45]魏继承,杨传平,刘桂丰.同源异型基因对花器官发育的调控[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(6):561-566
[46]曹秋芬,孙海峰,孟玉平.花形态形成的分子遗传学[J].中国生物工程杂志,2005:100-106
[47]Theissen G,Saedler H.Floral quartets[J].Nature,2001,409:469-471
[48]Goto K,Kyozuka J,Bowman J L.Turing floral organs into leaves,leaves into floral organs[J].Curr Opin Genet Dev,2001,11:449-456.
[49]VOLLBRECHT E,VEIT B,SINHA N.Et al.The developmental gene Knotted-1 is a member of a maize homeobox gene family[J].Nature.1991,350:241-243
[50]RAFF R A.The shape of life[A].Genes,Development,and the Evolution of Animal Form[M].Chicago IL;University of Chicago Press,1996.11-15.
[51]MEYEROWITZ E M.Plant and the logic of development[J].Genetics,1997,145:5-9
[52]MULLER K J,ROMANO N,GERSTNER O,et al.The barley Hooded mutation caused by a duplication in a homeobox gene intron[J].Nature,1 995,374(20):727-730
[53]Moon Y H,Jung J Y,Kang H G,et al.Identification of a rice APETAIA3 homolog by yeast two-hybrid screening[J].Plant Mol Biol,1999,40:167-177
[54]Riecbemnn J L,Wang M,Meyerowitz E M.DNA-binding properties of Arabidopsis MADS homeotic proteins APETALA1,APETALA3,PISTILLATA,and AGAMOUS[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1996,24:3134-3141
[55]Davies B,Egea-Cortines M,Eugenia de Andrede Silva,et al.Multiple interactions amongst floral hometic MADS box proteins.EMBO J,1996,15:4330-4343
[56]Moon Y H,Kang H G,Jung J Y,et al.Determination of the motif responsible for interaction be tween the rice APETALAI/AGMOUS-LIKE9 family proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system[J].Plant Physiology,1999,120:1193-1203
[57]Shiraishi H,Okada K,Shlmura Y.Nucletide sequences recognized by the AGAMOUS MADS domain of Arabidopsis theliana in vitro[J].The Plant Journal,1993,4(2):385-398
[58]Cen E S,Meyerowitz E M.The war of the whorls:genetic interactions controlling flower development[J].Nature,1991,353:31-37
[59]段远霖 匿卿 吴为人 刘华清.植物MADS-box基因的研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2003,32(1):104-109
[60]CARMONA M J,ORTEGA N,GARCIA-MAROTA F.Isolation and molecular characterization of a new vegetative MADS-box gene from Solanum tuberosum L[J].Planta,1998,207:181-188.
[61]KANG S-G,HANNAPEL D J.Nucleotide sequences of novel potato(Solanum tuberosum,J.)MADS-box cDNAs and their expression in vegetative organs[J].Gene,1995,166:329-330.
[62]ANGENENT G C,FANKEN J,BUSSCHER M,et al.A novel class of MADS-box gene is involved in ovule development in petunia[J].PIant Cell,1995,7:1569-1582.
[63]SCHNEITZ K.The molecular and genetic control of ovule development[J].Curr Opinion Plant Biol,1999,2:13-17
[64]BUCHNER P,BOUTIN J-P.A MADS-box transcription factor of the AP1/Agl9subfamily is also expressed in the seed coat of pea(pisum sativum)during development[J].Plant Mol Biol,1998,38:1253-1255
[65]HECK G R,PERRY S E,NICHOLS K W,et al.AGL15,a MADS domain protein expressed in developing embryos[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1271-1282
[66]王光清,胡建广,赵相山等.水稻愈伤组织形态发生中的MADS盒基因的差异表达[J].植物学报,1997,39(11):1035-1041.
[67]KOU M-H,NADEAU E T,Grayhack E J.Multiple ph0sphorylated forms of the SACCAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Mcm1 protein include an isoform induced in resposee to high salt concentrations[J].Molec Cell Biol,1997,17:819-832.
[68]LOZANO R,ANGOSTO T,GOMEZ P,et al.Tomato flower abnormalities induced by low temperatures are associated with changes of expression of MADS-box genes[J].Plant Physiol,1998,117:91-100
[69]PURUGGANAN M D,ROUNSLEY S D,SCHMIDT R J,et al.Molecular evolution of flower development:diversification of the plant MADS-box regulatory gene family[J].Genetics,1 995,140:345-356
[70]ROUNSLEY S D,DITTA G S,YANOFSKY M F.Diversity roles for MADS-box gene in Arabidopsis development[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1259-1269.
[71]MANDEL M A,GUSTAFSON-BROWN C.Molecular characterizati-on of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA-1[J].Nature,1992,360:273-277.
[72]BOWMAN J L,SMITH D R.Genetic interaction among floral homeotic gene of Arabidopsis[J].Development,1991.112:1-20.
[73]BONHOMME F,SOMMER H,BERNIER G,et al.Characterization of SaMADSD from Sinapis d d suggests a dualfunction of the gene:in inflorescence development and floral organogenesis[J].Plant Mol Biol,1997,34:573-582.
[74]RICHARD G H I,DAVID J H,SILVIA F,et al.A petunia MADS-box gene involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive development[J].Development,1999,126:5117-5126
[75]Rat Clife,O.J.,Bradley,D.J.and Coen,E.S.Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabdopsis Development,1999,126,1109-1120.
[76]Liljegren,S.J.,Gustafson-Brown,.C.,Pinyopich,A.,Ditta,G,S.and Yanofskey M.F.-Interactions among APETALAI,LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER1 specify meristem fata[J].Plant Cell,1999,11,1007-1018
[77]倪.高等植物花器官发育的分子基础[J].西南农业学报,1998,12(1):112-120
[78]肖晗,钱前.水稻稀穗突变体的遗传分析及基因的精细定位[J].科学通报,2003,48(15)1666-670
[79]陈红旗,刘刚,朱旭东,等.水稻簇生穗突变体的鉴定及遗传[J].南京农业大学报,2002,25(3):116-118
[80]赵大中,雍伟东,种康,等.高等植物开花研究现状简述[J].植物学通报,1999,16(2)157-162
[81]刘华清,吴为人.水稻小穗特征基因FZP的图位克隆[J].遗传学报,2003,30(9):811-816
[82]段远霖,李维明,吴为人,等水稻小穗分化调控基因fzp(t)的遗传分析和分子标记定位[J].中国科学(C4i),2003,3 3(1):27-32
[83]郑雷英,朱旭东,钱前等.水稻穗部突变体CL的形态和定位分析[J].科学通报,2003,48(3)264-267
[84]张毅,沈福成,杨正林等.水稻籽粒簇生材料Z1820簇生性的遗传分析[J].生物技术科学,2005,21(7):64-65
[85]华志明.水稻分子发育研究的若干进展[J],中国水稻科学,2000,14(4):256-260
[86]Kyozuka J,Konish i S,Nemoto K,et al.Downregulation of RFL,the FLO/LFY homology of rice,accompanied with panicle branchinitiation[J].PNAS USA,1998,95:1979-1982
[87]Kyozuka J.[A],In Shimamoto K.Molecular Biology of Rice[M].Toky-o:Springverlag,1999.101-117
[88]雍伟东,种康,许智宏等.高等植物开花时间决定的基因调控研究[J].科学通报2000,45(5):455-466.
[89]张伟媚 陈善娜.花器官发育的ABC模型[J].云南大学学报,2001,23:102-105
[90]Mena M,Ambrose B A,Meeley R B,et al.Diversification of C function activity in maize flower development[J].Science,1996,274:1537-1540.
[91]RiechmannM D,Mey erowitz E M.MADS domain protein in plant development[J].Biol Chem,1997,378:1079-1101.
[92]罗琼,朱立煌.水稻花发育的分子生物学研究进展[J].专论综述,2002,24(1):87-93
[93]王彬,吴先军,谢兆辉,等.花器官发育的ABC模型研究进展[J].农业生物技术科学,2003,1(5):78-82
[94]葛磊,谭克辉,种康,等.水稻花发育基因调控的研究进展[J].科学通报,2001,46(9):705-711
[95]华志明.水稻分子发育研究的若干进展[J],中国水稻科学,2000,14(4):256-260
[96]万建林,翟虎渠,万建民.水稻基因组研究的现状和展望[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(2):213-219
[97]Goff S A,Ricke D,Lan T H,et al.A Draft Sequence of the Rice Genome(O ryza sativa L.ssp.japonica)[J]..Science.2002,296:92-100
[98]阎双勇,谭振波,李仕贵.水稻插入突变体库构建研究进展[J].中国生物工程杂志,2004,6:48-53
[99]Kyozuka J.,Kobayashi T.,Morita M.,Shimamoto K.Spatially and temporally regulated expression of rice MADS box genes with similarity to Arabidopsis Class A,B andC genes[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2000,41:710-718
[100]徐是雄,徐雪宾.《水稻形态解剖学》。农业出版社,1982,37
[101]McSteen P.,Laudencia-Chingcuanco D.,and Colasanti J.A floret by any other name:C ontrolofm eristem identityin m aize[J].Trends Plant Sci,2000,5:61-66.
[102]McCouch S R,Kochert G,Yu Z H.Molecular mapping of rice chromosome[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,19 88,76:148-159
[103]Akagi H,Yokozeki Y,Inagaki A,Fujimura T.Microsatellite DNA makers for rice chromosomes[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1996,93:1071-1077.
[104]Wu K S,Tanksley S D.Abundance polymorphism and genetic mapping of microsatellites in rice[J].Molecular and Genome Genetics,1993,241:2 25-235
[105]Panaud O,Chen X,McCouch S R.Development of microsatellite markers and characterization of simple sequence length polymorphisms(SSLP) in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Molecular and Genome Genetics,1996,252:4 97-607
[106]秦钢,李杨瑞,陈彩虹.分子标记聚合育种在作物新品种选育中的应用[J].广西农业科学,2006,37(4):345-349
[107]赵淑清,武维华.DNA分子标记和基因定位[J].生物技术通报,2000,(6):1-4
[108]朱作峰,孙传清,李自超.用SSR标记水稻品种的分类研究[J].农业生物技术学报,2001,9(1):58-61
[109]黄彩鹏,吴烈梅,付军如等.分子标记技术在水稻育种中的应用[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,25(3):423-427
[110]Paran J k,Esseli R.Michelmore R.Identification of restriction fragment length polymorphism and by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce using near-isogenic lines.Genome[J].1991,34:1021-1027
[111]Martin GB,Williams J G K,Tanksley S D.Rapid identification of markers linked to a Pseudomonas resistance gene in tomato bu using random primers and near-isogenic lines[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci,USA,1991,88:2336-2340
[112]Arnheim N,Strange C,Erlich H.Used of pool DNA samplesto detect linkage disequilibrium of polymorphic restriction fragments and human diseases:studies of the HLA class Ⅱ loci[J].Proc Natl.Acad Sci,USA,1985,82:6970-6974
[113]Giovannoni J J,Wing R A,Tanksley SD.Isolation of molecular markers from specific chromosomal intervals using DNA pools from existing mapping populations[J].Nucleic Acids Res.1991,19:6553-6558
[114]郑康乐 钱惠荣 庄杰云等。易用DNA标记定位水稻的抗稻瘟病基因[J].植物病理学报,1995,25(4):30-33
[115]Barua U M,Chalmers K J,Hackett C A,et al.Identification of RAPD markers linked to a Rhynehosporium secalis resistance locus in barley using near iso-genetic lines and bulked segregation analysis[J].Heredity,1995,71:177-184
[116]Miklas P N,Stavely J R,Kelly J D.Identification and potential use of a molecular marker for rust resistance in common bean[J].Theor Appl Genet,1993,85:745-749
[117]黄庭友.分子标记辅助选择改良蜀恢527对白叶枯病的抗性和萍乡核不育水稻育性相关基因的定位分析.博士论文:13-14
[118]Huang N,Angels ER,Domingo J,et al.Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice:marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR.Theor Appl Genet,1997,95:313-320
[119]Hittalmani S,Parco A,Mew TV,et al.Fine mapping and DNA marker-assisted pyramiding of the three major genes for blast resistance in rice.Theor Appl Genet,2000,100:1121-1128
[120]薛庆中,张能义,熊兆飞等.应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗白叶枯病水稻恢复系[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(6):581-582
[121]陈升,张启发等.分子标记辅助选择改良杂交水稻的白叶枯病抗性[J].华中农业 大学学报,2000,3:183-189
[122]马伯军,王文明,赵彬等.水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-4的PCR标记研究[J].遗传学报,1993,3:9-12
[123]李仕贵,王玉平,黎汉云等.利用微卫星标记鉴定水稻的稻瘟病抗性[J].生物工程学报,200,16(3):324-327
[124]Chen S,Lin X H,Xu C G,,et al.Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of Minghui 63,an elite restorer line of hybrid rice,by molecular marker-assisted selection[J].Crop Sci,2000,40:239-244
[125]曹立勇,庄杰云,占小登等.抗白叶枯病杂交水稻的分子标记育种[J].中国水稻科学,2003,17(2):184-186
[126]罗彦长,王守海,李成荃等.应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗水稻白叶枯病光敏核不育系3418S[J].作物学报,2003,29(3):402-407
[127]Coulson A,Sulstion J,Brenner.Proc Natil Acad Sci USA,1996,83:7821-7825
[128]景润春,黄青阳,朱英国,图位克隆技术在分离植物基因中的应用[J].遗传200,22(3):180-185
[129]王泽立,截景瑞,王斌.植物基因的图位克隆[J].生物技术通报,2000,4:21-27.
[130]Michelmore RW,Paran I,Kesseli RV,et al.Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregation analysis:A rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregation population[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88:9828-9832
[131]Young ND,Zamir D.Ganaal MW,et al.Using of isogenic lines and simultaneous probing to identify DNA markers tightly linked to the Tm-2a gene in tomato[J].Genetics,1988,120:579-585
[132]Botstein D.White R.L.Skolnick M.et al.Construction of a genetic likage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms.Am.J.Hum[J].Genet,1980,32:314-331
[133]Dixon M S,Jones D A,Htzixanthis K.et al.High-resolution mapping of the physical location of the tomato Cf-2 gene.Mol Plant Microbe Interact,1995,8:200-206
[134]Chrchill GA,Giovannoni JJ.Tanksley SD,et al.Pooled-sampling marks high-resolution mappin practical with DNA markers[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1993,90:16-20
[135]GiraudatJ,HaugerB M,Valon C,et al.Isolation of the Arabudapsis ABI3 gene by positional cloning[J].Plant Cell,1992,4:1251-1261
[136]Arondel V,Lemienx B,Hwang I,et al.Map-based cloning of a gene controlling omega3 fatty acid deasturation in Arabidopss[J].Science,1992,258:1353-1355
[137]Parkinson C L,Adams K L,Palmer J D.Multigene analyses identify the three earliest lineages of extant flowering plants[J].CurrBiol,1999,9(24):1485-1488
[138]李云峰,罗洪发,杨正林等.水稻雄蕊雌蕊化突变体的遗传分析中国水稻科学,2004,18(6):499-502
[139]王灶安.植物显微技术.北京:中国农业出版社,1992.
[140]Feng M,Fu DZ,Liang HX,et al.Floral morphogenesis of Aquilegia L.(Ranunculaceae)[J].Acta BotSin,1995,37:791-794.
[141]Mizukami Y,Ma H.Ectopic expression of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in transgenicArabidopsis plants alters floral organ identity[J].Cell,1992,71:119-131.
[2]罗琼 朱立煌.水稻花发育的分子生物学研究进展[J].遗传,2002,24(1):87-93
[3]段远霖 吴为人 张丹凤等.水稻幼穗分化受阻突变体lhd的遗传分析与基因定位[J].科学通报,2003,48(15):1663-1665
[4]Weigel D,Alvarez J,Smyth D R,et al.LEAFY controls floral meristem identity in Arabidopsis[J].Cell,1992,69:843-859
[5]Shannon S,Meeks-Wanger D R.A mutation in the Arabidopsis TFL1 gene affects inflorescence meristem development[J].Plant Cell,1991,3:877-89
[6]Coen E S,Romero J M,Carpenter R,et al.Floricaula:A homeotic gene required for flower development in Antirrhinum majus[J].Cell,1990,63:1311-1322
[7]Mackill D J,Pinson R M,Rutger J N.Frizzy panicle,an EMS-induced mutant in the Japonica cultivar M-201[J].Rice Genet Newsl,1991,9:100-102
[8]Futsuhara Y,Kondo S,Kitano H,et al.Genetical studies on dense and laxl panicles in rice..Character expression and mode of laxl panicle rice[J].Jpn J Breed,1979,29:151-158
[9]Murui M,Izawa M.Effects of major genes controlling morphologyof panicle in rice[J].Breed Sci,1994,44:247-255
[10]Komatsu M,Maekawa M,Kyozuka J,et al.The LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 genes determine the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling rachis-branch and spikelet development[J].Dev Biol,2001,231:346-373
[11]Parkinson C L,Adams K L,Palmer J D.Multigene analyses identify the three earliest lineages of extant flowering plants[J].CurrBiol,1999,9(24):1485-1488.
[12]Nakagawa M.,Shimamoto K.,Kyozuka J.Overexpression of RCN1 and RCN2,rice TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS homologs,confers delay of phase transition and altered panicle morphology in rice[J].The Plant Journal,2002,29(6):743-750
[13]冯献忠 杨素欣 郭蔼光.高等植物花发育的研究进展[J].西北农业大学学报,1998,26(3):94-99
[14]李宪利 袁志友 高东升.高等植物成花分子机理研究现状及展望[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):173-183
[15]吕晋慧 张启翔.花发育调控基因的应用研究进展[J].北方园艺,2004,6:17-18
[16]田淑兰,陈敏,白书农.LFY/FLO基因与高等植物成花诱导分子机理的研究进展[J].生物学通报,1999,34(9):5-7
[17]王利琳 梁海曼 庞基良.拟南芥LEAFY基因在花发育中的网络调控及其生物学功能[J].遗传,2004,26(1):137-142
[18]Heslop-Harrison J,Sex expression in flowering plants.In:Brookhaven Symposia in Biology,1964;16,109-125.
[19]张云 刘青林.植物花发育的分子机理研究进展.植物学通报,2003:20(5):589-601.
[20]Haughn GW,Somerviler CR.Genetic control of morphogenesis in Arabidopsis.Dev Genet,1988;9:73-79
[21] Schwarz-Sommer Z,Hue I, Nacken W, Saedler H,Matsuoka M. Genetic control of flower development: homeotic genes in Antirrhinum majus.Science,1990, 250: 931-936
[22] Coen ES, Meyemweitz EM. The war of the whorls:genetic interaction controlling flower development. Nature, 1991:353,31-37.
[23] WeigelD,M eyeroweitz EM.The ABCs of floral homeotic genes.Cell,1994;78:23-20
[24] Mandel M A, Gustafson-Brown C, Savidge B, et al. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APET-AL Al.Nature, 1 992,360:273-277.
[25] Jofuku K D ,den Boer BG,Montagu MV,et al.Contorl of Arabidopsis flower and seed development by the homeotic gene APETALA2.Plant Cell, 1994,6:1211-1225
[26] Huijser P,Klein J,Loennig WE,et al.Bracteomania,an inflorescence anomaly,is caused by the loss of function of the MADS-box gene squamosa in Antirrhinum majus.EMBO J.,1992 11:1239-1249.
[27] JackT,Brockman L L,Meyeorwitz E M.The homeotic gene APETALA3 of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a MADS box and is expressed in petals and stamens,cell, 1992,68: 683-697.
[28] Goto K, Meyemwitz E M.Function and regulation of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene PISTILLATA.Genes Dev.,1 994,8:1548-1560.
[29] Sommer H,J.P.Beltran P,Huijser H,et al.Deficiens,a homeotic gene involved in the control of Flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus:the portein shows homology to transcription factors.EMBO J.,1990;9:605-613.
[30] Trdbner W, Ramirez L, Motte P, et al. GLOBOSA: a homeotic gene which interacts with DEFICIENS in the contorl of Amirrhinum floral organogenesis.EMBO J.,1992;11,4693-4704.
[31] Yanofsky MF,Ma H,Bowman J L,et al.The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription factors.Nature,1990;346:35-39
[32] Bradley D,Carpenter R,Sommer H,Hartley N and Coen E. Complementary floral homeotic phenotypes result form opposite orientations of a transposon at the plena locus of Antirrhinum.Cell, 1993,72:85-95.
[33] Angenent G C, Franken J, Busscher M J, et al.A novel class of MADS-box genes is involved inovule development in Petunia. Plant Cell, 1995,7:1569-1572
[34] Theissen G, Saedler H. Floral quartets. Nature, 2001,409:469-471.
[35] Theissen G, Becker A, Rosa A D, et al .A short history of MADS-box genes in plants. Plant MolBiol, 2000, 42: 115-149.
[36] Pinyopich A, Ditta G S, Savidge B, et al.Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel an dovule development.Nature,2003(424):85-88
[37] Alvarez J,Smyth D R.CRABS CLAW and SPATMLA two Arabidopsis genes that control carpel development in parallel with AGAMOUS. Development, 1999(126): 2377-2386.
[38] Liljegren S J, Dirts G S, Eshed Y, et al.SHATTERPRO of MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis.Nature,2000(404):766-770.
[39] Favaro R, Pinyopich A, Battaglia R, et al. MADS-box protein complexes control carpel and ovule development in Arabidopsis .Plant Cell,2003(15):2603-2611.
[40] Colombo L, Franken J, Koeoe E, et al. The Petunia MADS-box gene FBP11 determines ovule identity.1995,Plant Cell,7:1859-1868.
[41]张宪省,马小杰,郭海新.胚珠发育的分子基础.植物学通报,1998,15(3):1-5.
[42]许智宏.植物发育与生殖的研究进展和展望.植物学报,1999,41:909-920.
[43]Schneitz K.The molecular and genetic control of ovule development.Curr Opin Plant Biol,1999,2:13-17.
[44]Reiser L,Modrusan Z,Margossian L,Samach A,Ohad N,Haughn G.W.The BELL gene encodes a homeodomain protein involved in pattenr formation in the Arabidopsis Ovule primordium[J].Cell,1995,83(5):735-740.
[45]魏继承,杨传平,刘桂丰.同源异型基因对花器官发育的调控[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(6):561-566
[46]曹秋芬,孙海峰,孟玉平.花形态形成的分子遗传学[J].中国生物工程杂志,2005:100-106
[47]Theissen G,Saedler H.Floral quartets[J].Nature,2001,409:469-471
[48]Goto K,Kyozuka J,Bowman J L.Turing floral organs into leaves,leaves into floral organs[J].Curr Opin Genet Dev,2001,11:449-456.
[49]VOLLBRECHT E,VEIT B,SINHA N.Et al.The developmental gene Knotted-1 is a member of a maize homeobox gene family[J].Nature.1991,350:241-243
[50]RAFF R A.The shape of life[A].Genes,Development,and the Evolution of Animal Form[M].Chicago IL;University of Chicago Press,1996.11-15.
[51]MEYEROWITZ E M.Plant and the logic of development[J].Genetics,1997,145:5-9
[52]MULLER K J,ROMANO N,GERSTNER O,et al.The barley Hooded mutation caused by a duplication in a homeobox gene intron[J].Nature,1 995,374(20):727-730
[53]Moon Y H,Jung J Y,Kang H G,et al.Identification of a rice APETAIA3 homolog by yeast two-hybrid screening[J].Plant Mol Biol,1999,40:167-177
[54]Riecbemnn J L,Wang M,Meyerowitz E M.DNA-binding properties of Arabidopsis MADS homeotic proteins APETALA1,APETALA3,PISTILLATA,and AGAMOUS[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1996,24:3134-3141
[55]Davies B,Egea-Cortines M,Eugenia de Andrede Silva,et al.Multiple interactions amongst floral hometic MADS box proteins.EMBO J,1996,15:4330-4343
[56]Moon Y H,Kang H G,Jung J Y,et al.Determination of the motif responsible for interaction be tween the rice APETALAI/AGMOUS-LIKE9 family proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system[J].Plant Physiology,1999,120:1193-1203
[57]Shiraishi H,Okada K,Shlmura Y.Nucletide sequences recognized by the AGAMOUS MADS domain of Arabidopsis theliana in vitro[J].The Plant Journal,1993,4(2):385-398
[58]Cen E S,Meyerowitz E M.The war of the whorls:genetic interactions controlling flower development[J].Nature,1991,353:31-37
[59]段远霖 匿卿 吴为人 刘华清.植物MADS-box基因的研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2003,32(1):104-109
[60]CARMONA M J,ORTEGA N,GARCIA-MAROTA F.Isolation and molecular characterization of a new vegetative MADS-box gene from Solanum tuberosum L[J].Planta,1998,207:181-188.
[61]KANG S-G,HANNAPEL D J.Nucleotide sequences of novel potato(Solanum tuberosum,J.)MADS-box cDNAs and their expression in vegetative organs[J].Gene,1995,166:329-330.
[62]ANGENENT G C,FANKEN J,BUSSCHER M,et al.A novel class of MADS-box gene is involved in ovule development in petunia[J].PIant Cell,1995,7:1569-1582.
[63]SCHNEITZ K.The molecular and genetic control of ovule development[J].Curr Opinion Plant Biol,1999,2:13-17
[64]BUCHNER P,BOUTIN J-P.A MADS-box transcription factor of the AP1/Agl9subfamily is also expressed in the seed coat of pea(pisum sativum)during development[J].Plant Mol Biol,1998,38:1253-1255
[65]HECK G R,PERRY S E,NICHOLS K W,et al.AGL15,a MADS domain protein expressed in developing embryos[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1271-1282
[66]王光清,胡建广,赵相山等.水稻愈伤组织形态发生中的MADS盒基因的差异表达[J].植物学报,1997,39(11):1035-1041.
[67]KOU M-H,NADEAU E T,Grayhack E J.Multiple ph0sphorylated forms of the SACCAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Mcm1 protein include an isoform induced in resposee to high salt concentrations[J].Molec Cell Biol,1997,17:819-832.
[68]LOZANO R,ANGOSTO T,GOMEZ P,et al.Tomato flower abnormalities induced by low temperatures are associated with changes of expression of MADS-box genes[J].Plant Physiol,1998,117:91-100
[69]PURUGGANAN M D,ROUNSLEY S D,SCHMIDT R J,et al.Molecular evolution of flower development:diversification of the plant MADS-box regulatory gene family[J].Genetics,1 995,140:345-356
[70]ROUNSLEY S D,DITTA G S,YANOFSKY M F.Diversity roles for MADS-box gene in Arabidopsis development[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1259-1269.
[71]MANDEL M A,GUSTAFSON-BROWN C.Molecular characterizati-on of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA-1[J].Nature,1992,360:273-277.
[72]BOWMAN J L,SMITH D R.Genetic interaction among floral homeotic gene of Arabidopsis[J].Development,1991.112:1-20.
[73]BONHOMME F,SOMMER H,BERNIER G,et al.Characterization of SaMADSD from Sinapis d d suggests a dualfunction of the gene:in inflorescence development and floral organogenesis[J].Plant Mol Biol,1997,34:573-582.
[74]RICHARD G H I,DAVID J H,SILVIA F,et al.A petunia MADS-box gene involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive development[J].Development,1999,126:5117-5126
[75]Rat Clife,O.J.,Bradley,D.J.and Coen,E.S.Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabdopsis Development,1999,126,1109-1120.
[76]Liljegren,S.J.,Gustafson-Brown,.C.,Pinyopich,A.,Ditta,G,S.and Yanofskey M.F.-Interactions among APETALAI,LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER1 specify meristem fata[J].Plant Cell,1999,11,1007-1018
[77]倪.高等植物花器官发育的分子基础[J].西南农业学报,1998,12(1):112-120
[78]肖晗,钱前.水稻稀穗突变体的遗传分析及基因的精细定位[J].科学通报,2003,48(15)1666-670
[79]陈红旗,刘刚,朱旭东,等.水稻簇生穗突变体的鉴定及遗传[J].南京农业大学报,2002,25(3):116-118
[80]赵大中,雍伟东,种康,等.高等植物开花研究现状简述[J].植物学通报,1999,16(2)157-162
[81]刘华清,吴为人.水稻小穗特征基因FZP的图位克隆[J].遗传学报,2003,30(9):811-816
[82]段远霖,李维明,吴为人,等水稻小穗分化调控基因fzp(t)的遗传分析和分子标记定位[J].中国科学(C4i),2003,3 3(1):27-32
[83]郑雷英,朱旭东,钱前等.水稻穗部突变体CL的形态和定位分析[J].科学通报,2003,48(3)264-267
[84]张毅,沈福成,杨正林等.水稻籽粒簇生材料Z1820簇生性的遗传分析[J].生物技术科学,2005,21(7):64-65
[85]华志明.水稻分子发育研究的若干进展[J],中国水稻科学,2000,14(4):256-260
[86]Kyozuka J,Konish i S,Nemoto K,et al.Downregulation of RFL,the FLO/LFY homology of rice,accompanied with panicle branchinitiation[J].PNAS USA,1998,95:1979-1982
[87]Kyozuka J.[A],In Shimamoto K.Molecular Biology of Rice[M].Toky-o:Springverlag,1999.101-117
[88]雍伟东,种康,许智宏等.高等植物开花时间决定的基因调控研究[J].科学通报2000,45(5):455-466.
[89]张伟媚 陈善娜.花器官发育的ABC模型[J].云南大学学报,2001,23:102-105
[90]Mena M,Ambrose B A,Meeley R B,et al.Diversification of C function activity in maize flower development[J].Science,1996,274:1537-1540.
[91]RiechmannM D,Mey erowitz E M.MADS domain protein in plant development[J].Biol Chem,1997,378:1079-1101.
[92]罗琼,朱立煌.水稻花发育的分子生物学研究进展[J].专论综述,2002,24(1):87-93
[93]王彬,吴先军,谢兆辉,等.花器官发育的ABC模型研究进展[J].农业生物技术科学,2003,1(5):78-82
[94]葛磊,谭克辉,种康,等.水稻花发育基因调控的研究进展[J].科学通报,2001,46(9):705-711
[95]华志明.水稻分子发育研究的若干进展[J],中国水稻科学,2000,14(4):256-260
[96]万建林,翟虎渠,万建民.水稻基因组研究的现状和展望[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(2):213-219
[97]Goff S A,Ricke D,Lan T H,et al.A Draft Sequence of the Rice Genome(O ryza sativa L.ssp.japonica)[J]..Science.2002,296:92-100
[98]阎双勇,谭振波,李仕贵.水稻插入突变体库构建研究进展[J].中国生物工程杂志,2004,6:48-53
[99]Kyozuka J.,Kobayashi T.,Morita M.,Shimamoto K.Spatially and temporally regulated expression of rice MADS box genes with similarity to Arabidopsis Class A,B andC genes[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2000,41:710-718
[100]徐是雄,徐雪宾.《水稻形态解剖学》。农业出版社,1982,37
[101]McSteen P.,Laudencia-Chingcuanco D.,and Colasanti J.A floret by any other name:C ontrolofm eristem identityin m aize[J].Trends Plant Sci,2000,5:61-66.
[102]McCouch S R,Kochert G,Yu Z H.Molecular mapping of rice chromosome[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,19 88,76:148-159
[103]Akagi H,Yokozeki Y,Inagaki A,Fujimura T.Microsatellite DNA makers for rice chromosomes[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1996,93:1071-1077.
[104]Wu K S,Tanksley S D.Abundance polymorphism and genetic mapping of microsatellites in rice[J].Molecular and Genome Genetics,1993,241:2 25-235
[105]Panaud O,Chen X,McCouch S R.Development of microsatellite markers and characterization of simple sequence length polymorphisms(SSLP) in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Molecular and Genome Genetics,1996,252:4 97-607
[106]秦钢,李杨瑞,陈彩虹.分子标记聚合育种在作物新品种选育中的应用[J].广西农业科学,2006,37(4):345-349
[107]赵淑清,武维华.DNA分子标记和基因定位[J].生物技术通报,2000,(6):1-4
[108]朱作峰,孙传清,李自超.用SSR标记水稻品种的分类研究[J].农业生物技术学报,2001,9(1):58-61
[109]黄彩鹏,吴烈梅,付军如等.分子标记技术在水稻育种中的应用[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,25(3):423-427
[110]Paran J k,Esseli R.Michelmore R.Identification of restriction fragment length polymorphism and by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce using near-isogenic lines.Genome[J].1991,34:1021-1027
[111]Martin GB,Williams J G K,Tanksley S D.Rapid identification of markers linked to a Pseudomonas resistance gene in tomato bu using random primers and near-isogenic lines[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci,USA,1991,88:2336-2340
[112]Arnheim N,Strange C,Erlich H.Used of pool DNA samplesto detect linkage disequilibrium of polymorphic restriction fragments and human diseases:studies of the HLA class Ⅱ loci[J].Proc Natl.Acad Sci,USA,1985,82:6970-6974
[113]Giovannoni J J,Wing R A,Tanksley SD.Isolation of molecular markers from specific chromosomal intervals using DNA pools from existing mapping populations[J].Nucleic Acids Res.1991,19:6553-6558
[114]郑康乐 钱惠荣 庄杰云等。易用DNA标记定位水稻的抗稻瘟病基因[J].植物病理学报,1995,25(4):30-33
[115]Barua U M,Chalmers K J,Hackett C A,et al.Identification of RAPD markers linked to a Rhynehosporium secalis resistance locus in barley using near iso-genetic lines and bulked segregation analysis[J].Heredity,1995,71:177-184
[116]Miklas P N,Stavely J R,Kelly J D.Identification and potential use of a molecular marker for rust resistance in common bean[J].Theor Appl Genet,1993,85:745-749
[117]黄庭友.分子标记辅助选择改良蜀恢527对白叶枯病的抗性和萍乡核不育水稻育性相关基因的定位分析.博士论文:13-14
[118]Huang N,Angels ER,Domingo J,et al.Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice:marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR.Theor Appl Genet,1997,95:313-320
[119]Hittalmani S,Parco A,Mew TV,et al.Fine mapping and DNA marker-assisted pyramiding of the three major genes for blast resistance in rice.Theor Appl Genet,2000,100:1121-1128
[120]薛庆中,张能义,熊兆飞等.应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗白叶枯病水稻恢复系[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998,24(6):581-582
[121]陈升,张启发等.分子标记辅助选择改良杂交水稻的白叶枯病抗性[J].华中农业 大学学报,2000,3:183-189
[122]马伯军,王文明,赵彬等.水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-4的PCR标记研究[J].遗传学报,1993,3:9-12
[123]李仕贵,王玉平,黎汉云等.利用微卫星标记鉴定水稻的稻瘟病抗性[J].生物工程学报,200,16(3):324-327
[124]Chen S,Lin X H,Xu C G,,et al.Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of Minghui 63,an elite restorer line of hybrid rice,by molecular marker-assisted selection[J].Crop Sci,2000,40:239-244
[125]曹立勇,庄杰云,占小登等.抗白叶枯病杂交水稻的分子标记育种[J].中国水稻科学,2003,17(2):184-186
[126]罗彦长,王守海,李成荃等.应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗水稻白叶枯病光敏核不育系3418S[J].作物学报,2003,29(3):402-407
[127]Coulson A,Sulstion J,Brenner.Proc Natil Acad Sci USA,1996,83:7821-7825
[128]景润春,黄青阳,朱英国,图位克隆技术在分离植物基因中的应用[J].遗传200,22(3):180-185
[129]王泽立,截景瑞,王斌.植物基因的图位克隆[J].生物技术通报,2000,4:21-27.
[130]Michelmore RW,Paran I,Kesseli RV,et al.Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregation analysis:A rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregation population[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88:9828-9832
[131]Young ND,Zamir D.Ganaal MW,et al.Using of isogenic lines and simultaneous probing to identify DNA markers tightly linked to the Tm-2a gene in tomato[J].Genetics,1988,120:579-585
[132]Botstein D.White R.L.Skolnick M.et al.Construction of a genetic likage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms.Am.J.Hum[J].Genet,1980,32:314-331
[133]Dixon M S,Jones D A,Htzixanthis K.et al.High-resolution mapping of the physical location of the tomato Cf-2 gene.Mol Plant Microbe Interact,1995,8:200-206
[134]Chrchill GA,Giovannoni JJ.Tanksley SD,et al.Pooled-sampling marks high-resolution mappin practical with DNA markers[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1993,90:16-20
[135]GiraudatJ,HaugerB M,Valon C,et al.Isolation of the Arabudapsis ABI3 gene by positional cloning[J].Plant Cell,1992,4:1251-1261
[136]Arondel V,Lemienx B,Hwang I,et al.Map-based cloning of a gene controlling omega3 fatty acid deasturation in Arabidopss[J].Science,1992,258:1353-1355
[137]Parkinson C L,Adams K L,Palmer J D.Multigene analyses identify the three earliest lineages of extant flowering plants[J].CurrBiol,1999,9(24):1485-1488
[138]李云峰,罗洪发,杨正林等.水稻雄蕊雌蕊化突变体的遗传分析中国水稻科学,2004,18(6):499-502
[139]王灶安.植物显微技术.北京:中国农业出版社,1992.
[140]Feng M,Fu DZ,Liang HX,et al.Floral morphogenesis of Aquilegia L.(Ranunculaceae)[J].Acta BotSin,1995,37:791-794.
[141]Mizukami Y,Ma H.Ectopic expression of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in transgenicArabidopsis plants alters floral organ identity[J].Cell,1992,71:119-131.