甘蓝枯萎病病原菌研究及抗病种质群体结构分析
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摘要
甘蓝枯萎病是近年在北京、山西、河北等地发现的一种土传病害。最近在甘蓝产区呈蔓延之势,生产中由于缺乏有效的控制措施,因此了解甘蓝枯萎病致病菌,筛选甘蓝抗病品种是目前育种工作当务之急。
本实验从甘蓝枯萎病发生的严重的北京和山西两地田间采集枯萎病病株,在实验室分离纯化出和鉴定了引起枯萎病的病原菌GLHW1和GLHWY以及非致病菌GLHW2和GLHW4,通过真菌的形态学和两种致病镰刀菌的分子克隆和AFLP分析,结果表明这两种镰刀菌相似率很高,但在致病性和形态学以及分子水平上都有一定差异。
通过不同接种方法、浓度和时期的实验最终制定出甘蓝枯萎病抗性鉴定接种的推荐方法为:接种时期为苗龄3叶1心期,采用浸根法接种,在每毫升1×106的孢子悬浮液中浸泡15min。如果为了省工省力,采用灌根法,则必须人为制造根系伤口,以加速病原菌侵入,同时应采用1×107或更大的接种浓度以保证足够的病原菌数量。
北京蔬菜研究中心87份甘蓝育种材料接种GLHW1进行抗枯萎病鉴定,研究发现,具有高抗枯萎病特性的育种材料有36份,高感材料27份,而处于抗、中抗和中感反应的一共只有24份,其结果未表现出明显的数量型性状的抗性反应。通过农艺性状和抗病鉴定进行分析,发现农艺性状的差异与甘蓝枯萎病并不存在显著的关联性。通过对抗感组合的F2代接种,后代抗感分离比率3:1,初步结果表明甘蓝枯萎病抗性为显性单基因遗传。
关联分析是一种新的基因定位方法,不需要培育群体而提高了速度,并且高分辨率也是其最大的优势。通过对67份甘蓝核心种质资源群体进行关联分析获得7个与甘蓝枯萎病抗性关联的AFLP分子标记,其中E36M54-4、E36M54-15这2个分子标记与抗性关联程度达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。
The fusarium wilts, also named cabbage yellows, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (FOC), is one of the most serious soilborne cabbage diseases in China. It first broke out in 2001 in Beijing, spread rapidly, and became serious in most of the warm season-grown cabbage fields in Northern region of China including Beijing, Shanxi province. The use of resistant varieties is the only control. However, most of the commercial cabbage varieties are fusarium wilt susceptible because the disease resistant breeding programs have still not been launched in China.
We collected diseased plants from Beijing and Shanxi province. then separated, purified and identified pathogenic bacteria GLHW1 and GLHWY and non-pathogenic GLHW2 and GLHW4. Through analysis based on morphology of fungal and AFLP of cloning of two kinds of pathogenic fusarium, the results indicated that the two fusarium isolates showed high indentity. Whereas it has some discrepancies in pathogenicity and morphology as well as molecular level.
We finally established inoculation process for resistance evaluation of cabbage wilt disease. Process is as follows: you can use root-dip inoculation at seedling age of 3-true-leaves by soaking root in spore suspension of 1×106 per ml for 15 minutes. For the sake of labour-saving, you can use root-pour inoculation, and the emphasis is make the root wound intentional in order to accelerate infection, you should employ 1×107 or even more high concentration to ensure sufficient amount of pathogen.
87 cabbage breeding material reserved in Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC) were inoculated with GLHW1 for evaluation of fusarium wilt resisitance. The study here found that 36 material show high resistance (HR) , 27 show high susceptibility (HS). In addition, show resisitance (R), moderate resistance(MR) and moderate susceptibility (MS) sum to 24, and these material did not show resistance reaction with quantitative trait characteristic. According to analysis of agronomic traits and resistance evaluation, we found that there was no remarkable correlation between agronomic diversity and fusarium wilt of cabbage. F2 individuals showed a segregation ratio of 3 :1. The results indicated that the resisitance of fusarium wilt in cabbage is controlled by a single dominant gene.
Association analysis is a novel method for gene mapping with the superiority of using natural population for gene mapping. 67 core germplasm resources of cabbage breeding materials were used for association analysis, we obtained 7 AFLP markers associated with resistance of fusarium wilt, especially, association degree with resisitance of E36M54-4 and E36M54-15 achieve extremely significance level (P<0.01)
本实验从甘蓝枯萎病发生的严重的北京和山西两地田间采集枯萎病病株,在实验室分离纯化出和鉴定了引起枯萎病的病原菌GLHW1和GLHWY以及非致病菌GLHW2和GLHW4,通过真菌的形态学和两种致病镰刀菌的分子克隆和AFLP分析,结果表明这两种镰刀菌相似率很高,但在致病性和形态学以及分子水平上都有一定差异。
通过不同接种方法、浓度和时期的实验最终制定出甘蓝枯萎病抗性鉴定接种的推荐方法为:接种时期为苗龄3叶1心期,采用浸根法接种,在每毫升1×106的孢子悬浮液中浸泡15min。如果为了省工省力,采用灌根法,则必须人为制造根系伤口,以加速病原菌侵入,同时应采用1×107或更大的接种浓度以保证足够的病原菌数量。
北京蔬菜研究中心87份甘蓝育种材料接种GLHW1进行抗枯萎病鉴定,研究发现,具有高抗枯萎病特性的育种材料有36份,高感材料27份,而处于抗、中抗和中感反应的一共只有24份,其结果未表现出明显的数量型性状的抗性反应。通过农艺性状和抗病鉴定进行分析,发现农艺性状的差异与甘蓝枯萎病并不存在显著的关联性。通过对抗感组合的F2代接种,后代抗感分离比率3:1,初步结果表明甘蓝枯萎病抗性为显性单基因遗传。
关联分析是一种新的基因定位方法,不需要培育群体而提高了速度,并且高分辨率也是其最大的优势。通过对67份甘蓝核心种质资源群体进行关联分析获得7个与甘蓝枯萎病抗性关联的AFLP分子标记,其中E36M54-4、E36M54-15这2个分子标记与抗性关联程度达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。
The fusarium wilts, also named cabbage yellows, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (FOC), is one of the most serious soilborne cabbage diseases in China. It first broke out in 2001 in Beijing, spread rapidly, and became serious in most of the warm season-grown cabbage fields in Northern region of China including Beijing, Shanxi province. The use of resistant varieties is the only control. However, most of the commercial cabbage varieties are fusarium wilt susceptible because the disease resistant breeding programs have still not been launched in China.
We collected diseased plants from Beijing and Shanxi province. then separated, purified and identified pathogenic bacteria GLHW1 and GLHWY and non-pathogenic GLHW2 and GLHW4. Through analysis based on morphology of fungal and AFLP of cloning of two kinds of pathogenic fusarium, the results indicated that the two fusarium isolates showed high indentity. Whereas it has some discrepancies in pathogenicity and morphology as well as molecular level.
We finally established inoculation process for resistance evaluation of cabbage wilt disease. Process is as follows: you can use root-dip inoculation at seedling age of 3-true-leaves by soaking root in spore suspension of 1×106 per ml for 15 minutes. For the sake of labour-saving, you can use root-pour inoculation, and the emphasis is make the root wound intentional in order to accelerate infection, you should employ 1×107 or even more high concentration to ensure sufficient amount of pathogen.
87 cabbage breeding material reserved in Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC) were inoculated with GLHW1 for evaluation of fusarium wilt resisitance. The study here found that 36 material show high resistance (HR) , 27 show high susceptibility (HS). In addition, show resisitance (R), moderate resistance(MR) and moderate susceptibility (MS) sum to 24, and these material did not show resistance reaction with quantitative trait characteristic. According to analysis of agronomic traits and resistance evaluation, we found that there was no remarkable correlation between agronomic diversity and fusarium wilt of cabbage. F2 individuals showed a segregation ratio of 3 :1. The results indicated that the resisitance of fusarium wilt in cabbage is controlled by a single dominant gene.
Association analysis is a novel method for gene mapping with the superiority of using natural population for gene mapping. 67 core germplasm resources of cabbage breeding materials were used for association analysis, we obtained 7 AFLP markers associated with resistance of fusarium wilt, especially, association degree with resisitance of E36M54-4 and E36M54-15 achieve extremely significance level (P<0.01)
引文
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