近浅埋煤层保水开采覆岩运动模拟研究与实测
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摘要
榆神府矿区是我国最大的现代化能源基地,埋深浅、上覆厚松散层是该矿区的典型赋存特征,工作面采动容易导致地表潜水流失,破坏地表生态环境。绿色开采是采矿技术今后的发展方向,保水开采是实施绿色开采的重要环节。开展近浅埋煤层保水开采的研究与实践,具有重要的学术价值和社会意义。
本文以榆神府矿区榆树湾井田地质条件为背景,以国家自然科学基金项目“浅埋煤层地表隔水层的采动隔水性研究(No.50574074)”和横向项目“榆树湾煤矿首分层大采高矿压及保水开采研究”为依托,通过物理相似模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,开发了隔水层应力应变全程相似模拟技术,通过模拟实验掌握了榆树湾煤矿近浅埋煤层保水开采覆岩运动基本规律,分析了隔水层的稳定性和保水开采的可行性。通过保水开采实践和实测,掌握了工作面的淋水及矿压显现基本规律,验证了模拟实验研究的正确性。
论文系统分析了矿区地质条件,测定了隔水层的物理力学性能,获得了隔水层岩样的应力应变全程曲线;基于隔水层性质,分析了隔水层模拟的关键是必须实现应力应变全程相似,特别是塑性变形相似,据此提出了隔水层相似指标并给定了相似条件,发展了相似模拟技术。根据隔水层性质,实验确定了隔水层相似材料及其配比规律,实现了粘土类隔水层的应力应变全程相似模拟。以榆树湾井田为研究对象,通过相似模拟实验,验证了隔水层相似材料及配比选取的正确性。通过物理相似模拟,揭示了榆树湾近浅埋煤层保水开采的覆岩运动基本规律,分析了岩层运动的“三带”特征。实验得出,近浅埋煤层顶板基岩关键层的运动对隔水层稳定性具有明显作用,粘土和黄土隔水层是保水开采的隔水关键层。在采高5m时,隔水层运动为整体弯曲下沉,隔水层的隔水性未受到破坏,隔水层总体稳定,可实现保水开采。
根据模拟实验,在近浅埋煤层榆树湾煤矿开展了实测,获得了工作面的矿压显现基本规律及顶板淋水规律,实测结果验证了理论分析及模拟实验结论的正确性。本论文研究为保水开采研究与实践提供了实验方法和实践经验,可为类似研究与实践提供借鉴。
Yushenfu Mining Area is the biggest modern energy base in China. Shallow buried depth and overlying thick unconsolidated formation layers are the typical occurrence characteristics of this mining area. Mining face diving easily causes the loss of the surface phreatic water, which damages ecological environment. Green mining is the future development ( orientation ) of mining technology and water-preserved-mining is an important aspect of that. To carry out research and practice on water-preserved-mining of shallow seam has an important academic value and social significance.
The paper is based on the background of geological conditions of Yushuwan mine,in Yushenfu Mining Area, relys on the National Natural Science Foundation Project”Study on the Character of Surface Aquiclude in Shallow Seam”and horizontal project”Study on water conservation mining and stress behavior of yushuwan coal mine”, develops the technology of stress-strain complete resemble simulation of aquifuge by the method of combining physics resemble simulation with theoretical analysis, grasps the basic law of water preserved mining of overlying strata movement in shallow seam in Yushuwan mine, and analyzes the stability of aquiclude and feasibility of water conservation mining. According to water-preserved-mining’s practice and measurement, the basic law of working face strata behaviors is mastered and the correctness of the experimental study is proved.
Through systematical analysis of mining area’s geological conditions systemly, the paper tests aquiclude’s physical and mechanical properties and obtains stress-strain complete curves of aquiclude rock sample. Based on properties of aquiclude, it analyzes that the key of aquiclude simulation is to realize stress-strain complete resemblance, in particular plastic deformation resemblance, hereby, proposing aquiclude similar index and conditions and developing similar simulation technology. According to properties of aquiclude, the experiments determine the similar material and ratio law of aquiclude and realize stress-strain complete resemble simulation of clay aquiclude. By taking Yushuwan mine as the research object, the correctness of aquiclude similar material and ratio selection is proved through similar simulation experiments. Through physical simulation, the paper reveals the basic law of water conservation mining of overlying strata movement in shallow seam Yushuwan mine and analyzes“three-band”characteristics of rock movements. The experiments obtain that the key strata of bedrock in shallow seam has a significant effect on the stability of aquiclude and clay as well as loess aquicludes are key stratum of water-preserved-mining. With a 5m mining height, aquiclude(movements) wholly sink curved and its properties are not destroyed. So water-preserved-mining can be achieved.
According to simulation experiments, the practice of water conservation mining is carried out in Yushuwan Mining Area. Through measurement the basic law of working face strata behaviors and top roof water spraying are obtained, what’s more, the correctness of theoretical analysis and simulation experiments is proved. The paper’s reasearch provides experimental methods and practical experience for the research and practice of water-preserved-mining, also reference for similar studies and practice.
本文以榆神府矿区榆树湾井田地质条件为背景,以国家自然科学基金项目“浅埋煤层地表隔水层的采动隔水性研究(No.50574074)”和横向项目“榆树湾煤矿首分层大采高矿压及保水开采研究”为依托,通过物理相似模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,开发了隔水层应力应变全程相似模拟技术,通过模拟实验掌握了榆树湾煤矿近浅埋煤层保水开采覆岩运动基本规律,分析了隔水层的稳定性和保水开采的可行性。通过保水开采实践和实测,掌握了工作面的淋水及矿压显现基本规律,验证了模拟实验研究的正确性。
论文系统分析了矿区地质条件,测定了隔水层的物理力学性能,获得了隔水层岩样的应力应变全程曲线;基于隔水层性质,分析了隔水层模拟的关键是必须实现应力应变全程相似,特别是塑性变形相似,据此提出了隔水层相似指标并给定了相似条件,发展了相似模拟技术。根据隔水层性质,实验确定了隔水层相似材料及其配比规律,实现了粘土类隔水层的应力应变全程相似模拟。以榆树湾井田为研究对象,通过相似模拟实验,验证了隔水层相似材料及配比选取的正确性。通过物理相似模拟,揭示了榆树湾近浅埋煤层保水开采的覆岩运动基本规律,分析了岩层运动的“三带”特征。实验得出,近浅埋煤层顶板基岩关键层的运动对隔水层稳定性具有明显作用,粘土和黄土隔水层是保水开采的隔水关键层。在采高5m时,隔水层运动为整体弯曲下沉,隔水层的隔水性未受到破坏,隔水层总体稳定,可实现保水开采。
根据模拟实验,在近浅埋煤层榆树湾煤矿开展了实测,获得了工作面的矿压显现基本规律及顶板淋水规律,实测结果验证了理论分析及模拟实验结论的正确性。本论文研究为保水开采研究与实践提供了实验方法和实践经验,可为类似研究与实践提供借鉴。
Yushenfu Mining Area is the biggest modern energy base in China. Shallow buried depth and overlying thick unconsolidated formation layers are the typical occurrence characteristics of this mining area. Mining face diving easily causes the loss of the surface phreatic water, which damages ecological environment. Green mining is the future development ( orientation ) of mining technology and water-preserved-mining is an important aspect of that. To carry out research and practice on water-preserved-mining of shallow seam has an important academic value and social significance.
The paper is based on the background of geological conditions of Yushuwan mine,in Yushenfu Mining Area, relys on the National Natural Science Foundation Project”Study on the Character of Surface Aquiclude in Shallow Seam”and horizontal project”Study on water conservation mining and stress behavior of yushuwan coal mine”, develops the technology of stress-strain complete resemble simulation of aquifuge by the method of combining physics resemble simulation with theoretical analysis, grasps the basic law of water preserved mining of overlying strata movement in shallow seam in Yushuwan mine, and analyzes the stability of aquiclude and feasibility of water conservation mining. According to water-preserved-mining’s practice and measurement, the basic law of working face strata behaviors is mastered and the correctness of the experimental study is proved.
Through systematical analysis of mining area’s geological conditions systemly, the paper tests aquiclude’s physical and mechanical properties and obtains stress-strain complete curves of aquiclude rock sample. Based on properties of aquiclude, it analyzes that the key of aquiclude simulation is to realize stress-strain complete resemblance, in particular plastic deformation resemblance, hereby, proposing aquiclude similar index and conditions and developing similar simulation technology. According to properties of aquiclude, the experiments determine the similar material and ratio law of aquiclude and realize stress-strain complete resemble simulation of clay aquiclude. By taking Yushuwan mine as the research object, the correctness of aquiclude similar material and ratio selection is proved through similar simulation experiments. Through physical simulation, the paper reveals the basic law of water conservation mining of overlying strata movement in shallow seam Yushuwan mine and analyzes“three-band”characteristics of rock movements. The experiments obtain that the key strata of bedrock in shallow seam has a significant effect on the stability of aquiclude and clay as well as loess aquicludes are key stratum of water-preserved-mining. With a 5m mining height, aquiclude(movements) wholly sink curved and its properties are not destroyed. So water-preserved-mining can be achieved.
According to simulation experiments, the practice of water conservation mining is carried out in Yushuwan Mining Area. Through measurement the basic law of working face strata behaviors and top roof water spraying are obtained, what’s more, the correctness of theoretical analysis and simulation experiments is proved. The paper’s reasearch provides experimental methods and practical experience for the research and practice of water-preserved-mining, also reference for similar studies and practice.
引文
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[2]北京商报.2007-12-4
[3]潘伟尔.年产30亿t煤炭,谁去采?——对未来17年我国高质量煤炭供应能力保障的思考之三.中国能源,2004, (10):4～16
[4]李慧平.神东矿区厚基岩顶板强制放顶初探.陕西煤炭,2005,2:33~34
[5]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1174~1177
[6]黄庆享.《浅埋煤层开采地表水土流失机理研究》国家自然科学基金申报书,2003
[7]《矿业文献》编辑部.矿业文摘,1981,(5)
[8] (澳)B.霍勃尔瓦依特等.浅部长壁法开采效果的地质技术评价[J].煤炭科研参考资料,1985,(3)
[9]刘听成.采场矿山压力讲义.西安:西安矿业学院,1962
[10] Holla L,Buizen M.Stata movement due to shallow longwall mining and the effect to ground permeability[J〕.Aus IMM Bullefin and Proeeedings,Vol.295 No.1,May 1990
[11] ShithG J,Rosenbaum M S.Resent underground investigation of abandoned chalk Mine workings beneath Norwieh City Norfolk[J],Engineering geology,Vol.36 No.1~2 Nov,1993
[12] Miller R D,Steeples D W,Sehulte L.Shallow seismie refletion study of salt Dissolution well field mear[J],Hutehinson KS,Mining Engineering (Littleton Colorado),Vol.45 No.10 Oct,1993
[13] Henson H J,Sexton J L.Premine study of shallow coal seam susing highresolution Seismi refilection methods [J].Geophysies,Vol.56 No.9 Sep,I991
[14] Bill Reid.Longwal lminingin SouthAfriea[J].Coal,Vol.99 No.10 Oet.1994
[15] Singh R P,Yadav R N.Subsidence due to coal mining inIndia [A].In:Proceedings of the 1995 5th International SymPosium on land Subsidence.IAHS Publieation.No.234,1995.IAHS,Wallingford,Engl
[16] Rajendra Singh,Singh T N.Bharaf B.Dhar.Coal Pillar loading in Shallow eonditions[A]. International Jounal of Roeck Mechanics and Mining Seienesand Geomechanics Abatracts.1996,53(8)
[17]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32 (4):343~348
[18]范立民.论保水采煤问题.煤田与地质勘探,2005,33(5):50~53
[19]侯忠杰,张杰.陕北矿区开采潜水保护固液耦合两相耦合实验及分析[J].湖南科技大学学报,2004,19(4):1~4
[20]侯忠杰,张杰.固液耦合实验材料的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3157~3161
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