基于小波变换的地震相干体技术在浊积扇识别中的应用
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摘要
随着油气勘探进入高勘探程度阶段,油气勘探逐渐由构造油藏转到地层岩性油藏。人们更加深刻地认识到浊积扇砂体以其有利的生储盖组合条件成为油田最具潜力的勘探目标之一。尽管这些油田中的湖相浊积岩储层还不是主要的油气产层,但随着沉积盆地油气勘探开发的深入,浊积岩油气藏的勘探对于中国油区的挖潜仍具有重要的现实意义,将是一个十分值得重视的油气勘探目标。
利用地震相干体技术,我们可从地震资料中提取隐藏其间的多种有用信息,这为解决复杂地质体的储层描述提供了实用的分析手段。伴随着油田勘探开发走向成熟,岩性油藏逐渐成为主要勘探目标,在油田生产中占主导地位。
本文将小波变换与地震相干体技术相结合,提出了用模拟地震子波的小波函数(或高分辨率导数小波函数)对原始三维地震记录体作小波变换,通过对不同品质的地震资料选取适当的小波参数及相干处理参数,可以得到不同通道的相干体;对相干体作切片可以得到不同通道的切片图像。达到提高解释的精度,实现地质异常体的精细解释,能使不同层次地质异常体都能清晰的展示出来。主要取得了以下一些成果和结论:
1.将小波变换与地震相干属性分析技术相结合,通过对小波的中心频率、尺度因子等参数的确定,选取最优小波函数,利用小波域分频方法计算地震数据各个频带内的瞬时特征参数,结合算法计算各个频带内的地震相干数据体,从而得出浊积扇地震识别的新算法。
2.将得到的新算法应用到实际的地震资料解释中,对QHD34-2-1井和QHD34-4-1井进行相干体连井剖面研究。从剖面图上可以看出SB32层位处湖底浊积扇砂体所处的环境具深水泥岩区的反射特点,外部形态主要呈楔状,透镜状等;内部反射结构为平行—亚平行、中强振幅,中低频、较连续的反射,在破折带下的槽洼地区,通常可见槽状充填反射,反映扇中水道下切较深的特点。
3.最后用新算法对研究区东二段进行平面识别研究,与传统方法对比优劣。可以看出新算法识别的岩体特性与构造解释相吻合,证实了构造解释的合理性。证明了新算法的优越性。
With the oil-gas exploration entering into the high exploration degree stage, the goal of oil-gas exploration changes gradually from the formation lithology oil deposit to the structural oil pool. The people realized profoundly that turbidite fan sand body and the advantageous combined condition of source-reservoir-seal assemblage become one of most potential exploration goals of oil field. With the thorough development of sedimentary basin oil-gas exploration, although lacustrine turbidite reservoir in these oil field is not the main oil gas production level, turbidite oil-gas reservoir exploration still has the vital practical meaning for Chinese the muddy product crag oil gas pool's exploration regarding Chinese oil exploration, will be the oil-gas exploration goal which worth pay attention to.
Using seismic attribute analysis technology,we can extract many kinds of useful information hidden in the seismic data,which also provides practical analysis method for the complex geologic body's reservoir description.With oil-gas exploration becoming mature, lithologic reservoir gradually becomes the main exploration goal, and occupies the dominant position in the oil field production.
Based on the understanding of the coherence technique principle and the wavelet transformation, this dissertation combining the wavelet transformation and the earthquake coherent attribute analysis technique, proposed that using the wavelet function of simulative seismic wavelet (or high resolution derivative wavelet function) made the wavelet transformation to the primitive three dimensional earthquake record body, obtained the respective channel's earthquake record body of different resolution,and then use the coherent algorithm based on feature structure separately on three dimensional earthquake record body the different resolution.Through choosing the suitable wavelet parameter and the coherent processing parameter for different quality's seismic data, the new algorithm can obtain the coherent bodies of different channel's. Making the slice to the coherent bodies can obtain the different channel's slice image. which can enhance the explanation precision, achieve the geologic anomaly body's fine explanation, and enable the clear demonstration of the different level geologic anomaly body.
The research results of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. This paper combining the wavelet transformation and the earthquake coherent attribute analysis technique, through choosing the wavelet center frequency parameter, scale factor, the optimal wavelet function, we use wavelet territory frequency division method compute the earthquake data instantaneous characteristic parameter of each frequency band, and use the algorithm to calculate the earthquake coherent data body in each frequency band, then achieve the new algorithm of turbidite fan earthquake recognization.
2. Will be the new algorithm is applied to actual seismic data interpretation, on the QHD34-2-1 well and QHD34-4-1 wells with well section of Coherence. Profile can be seen from the layer located at the bottom of the lake SB32 turbidite fan environment in which sand mud area with deep reflection characteristics of the main morphological wedge, lens, etc.; internal reflection structure parallel - sub parallel, the strong amplitude, low frequency, reflecting a more continuous, in breaking off the tank lying areas vaginal discharge, usually trough-like filling reflection can be seen, reflecting the fan in the watercourses have cut deep feature
3. Finally, the new algorithm in the study area east Erduan for plane recognition, advantages and disadvantages compared with traditional methods. Demonstrates the new algorithm in identification of rock characteristics and structural interpretation is consistent, confirmed the structural interpretation is reasonable. Proved that the new algorithm.
利用地震相干体技术,我们可从地震资料中提取隐藏其间的多种有用信息,这为解决复杂地质体的储层描述提供了实用的分析手段。伴随着油田勘探开发走向成熟,岩性油藏逐渐成为主要勘探目标,在油田生产中占主导地位。
本文将小波变换与地震相干体技术相结合,提出了用模拟地震子波的小波函数(或高分辨率导数小波函数)对原始三维地震记录体作小波变换,通过对不同品质的地震资料选取适当的小波参数及相干处理参数,可以得到不同通道的相干体;对相干体作切片可以得到不同通道的切片图像。达到提高解释的精度,实现地质异常体的精细解释,能使不同层次地质异常体都能清晰的展示出来。主要取得了以下一些成果和结论:
1.将小波变换与地震相干属性分析技术相结合,通过对小波的中心频率、尺度因子等参数的确定,选取最优小波函数,利用小波域分频方法计算地震数据各个频带内的瞬时特征参数,结合算法计算各个频带内的地震相干数据体,从而得出浊积扇地震识别的新算法。
2.将得到的新算法应用到实际的地震资料解释中,对QHD34-2-1井和QHD34-4-1井进行相干体连井剖面研究。从剖面图上可以看出SB32层位处湖底浊积扇砂体所处的环境具深水泥岩区的反射特点,外部形态主要呈楔状,透镜状等;内部反射结构为平行—亚平行、中强振幅,中低频、较连续的反射,在破折带下的槽洼地区,通常可见槽状充填反射,反映扇中水道下切较深的特点。
3.最后用新算法对研究区东二段进行平面识别研究,与传统方法对比优劣。可以看出新算法识别的岩体特性与构造解释相吻合,证实了构造解释的合理性。证明了新算法的优越性。
With the oil-gas exploration entering into the high exploration degree stage, the goal of oil-gas exploration changes gradually from the formation lithology oil deposit to the structural oil pool. The people realized profoundly that turbidite fan sand body and the advantageous combined condition of source-reservoir-seal assemblage become one of most potential exploration goals of oil field. With the thorough development of sedimentary basin oil-gas exploration, although lacustrine turbidite reservoir in these oil field is not the main oil gas production level, turbidite oil-gas reservoir exploration still has the vital practical meaning for Chinese the muddy product crag oil gas pool's exploration regarding Chinese oil exploration, will be the oil-gas exploration goal which worth pay attention to.
Using seismic attribute analysis technology,we can extract many kinds of useful information hidden in the seismic data,which also provides practical analysis method for the complex geologic body's reservoir description.With oil-gas exploration becoming mature, lithologic reservoir gradually becomes the main exploration goal, and occupies the dominant position in the oil field production.
Based on the understanding of the coherence technique principle and the wavelet transformation, this dissertation combining the wavelet transformation and the earthquake coherent attribute analysis technique, proposed that using the wavelet function of simulative seismic wavelet (or high resolution derivative wavelet function) made the wavelet transformation to the primitive three dimensional earthquake record body, obtained the respective channel's earthquake record body of different resolution,and then use the coherent algorithm based on feature structure separately on three dimensional earthquake record body the different resolution.Through choosing the suitable wavelet parameter and the coherent processing parameter for different quality's seismic data, the new algorithm can obtain the coherent bodies of different channel's. Making the slice to the coherent bodies can obtain the different channel's slice image. which can enhance the explanation precision, achieve the geologic anomaly body's fine explanation, and enable the clear demonstration of the different level geologic anomaly body.
The research results of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. This paper combining the wavelet transformation and the earthquake coherent attribute analysis technique, through choosing the wavelet center frequency parameter, scale factor, the optimal wavelet function, we use wavelet territory frequency division method compute the earthquake data instantaneous characteristic parameter of each frequency band, and use the algorithm to calculate the earthquake coherent data body in each frequency band, then achieve the new algorithm of turbidite fan earthquake recognization.
2. Will be the new algorithm is applied to actual seismic data interpretation, on the QHD34-2-1 well and QHD34-4-1 wells with well section of Coherence. Profile can be seen from the layer located at the bottom of the lake SB32 turbidite fan environment in which sand mud area with deep reflection characteristics of the main morphological wedge, lens, etc.; internal reflection structure parallel - sub parallel, the strong amplitude, low frequency, reflecting a more continuous, in breaking off the tank lying areas vaginal discharge, usually trough-like filling reflection can be seen, reflecting the fan in the watercourses have cut deep feature
3. Finally, the new algorithm in the study area east Erduan for plane recognition, advantages and disadvantages compared with traditional methods. Demonstrates the new algorithm in identification of rock characteristics and structural interpretation is consistent, confirmed the structural interpretation is reasonable. Proved that the new algorithm.
引文
[1] Bahorich M.Farmer S.3-D Seismic Discontinuity fox Faults and Stratigraphic Features: The Coherence Cube[J]. The Leading Edge, 1995,14 (10):1053-1058.
[2] Marfurt K J, Kirlin R L, Farmer S L, etal.3-D Seismic Attrib-utes Using a Semblance-Based Coherency Algorithm[J]. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4): 1150-1165.
[3] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt K J. Eigenstructure-Based Coherence Computations as an Aid to 3-D Structural and Stratigraphic Mapping[J]. Genphysics, 1999, 64(5): 1468-1479.
[4]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003, 27(2): 128-130.
[5] A1-Dossary S, Simon Y, Marfurt K.J. Inter Azimuth Coherence Attribute for Fracture Detection[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts , 2004(5): 183-186.
[6]崔若飞,赵爱华.利用模式识别方法解释微小断层[J].中国矿业大学学报1995,4(30):556-566.
[7]王西文,苏明军,刘军迎等.基于小波变换的地震相干的算法及应用[J].石油物探,2002, 41(3): 334-338.
[8]许庆山,李秀人.信号与系统[M].航空工业出版社, 1998, 147-153.
[9]程乾生.数字信号处理的数学原理[M].石油工业出版社, 1979.
[10]宗孔德,胡广书.数字信号处理[M].清华大学出版社, 1999, 70-84.
[11] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt K J. 1999. Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping [J]. Geophysics, 64: 104-111.
[12]张军华,王永刚,赵勇等.相干体技术算法改进及其在JTH地区的应用[J].物探与化探26(1): 50-52.
[13]孙夕平,杜世通.乘幂法在地震属性分析中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术2002(4):316-321.
[14]廖林,杨晓敏,朱之锦.相干技术在孤岛地区勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学报1999,4(6):158-164.
[15]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛等.基于MATLAB 6.x的系统分析与设计-小波分析(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技出版社, 2004.
[16]程正兴.小波分析算法与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2003.
[17]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报1996(1): 392-398.
[18]王西文,高静怀,李幼铭.高分辨地震资料处理中的导数小波函数的构造[J].石油物探, 2000(2):64-71.
[21]王西文.高分辨率滤波算子在小波域中的提取闭石油地球物理勘探[J].石油物探,2000.6(3): 298-314.
[22]王西文,刘全新,李幼铭等.地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探2000. 8(4): 452-478.
[23]刘兰峰,刘全新,雍学善等.谱分析法对小波母函数的探讨及小波时领分析[J].新疆石油地质2005(6): 272-274.
[24]张军华,王月英,赵勇等.小波多分辨率相干数据体的提取及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探2004(1): 33-39.
[25]柴振友,宋端智.相干技术在三维地震勘探构造解释中的研究与应用[J].物探化探计算技术, 2000, 20(1): 30-33
[26]佘德平,曹辉,郭全利等应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探, 2000, 39(2): 83-88.
[27]王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2001, 36(3): 378-381.
[28]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社, 2001: 205-211.
[29]钟凌云.小波变换方法在地震资料噪声消除中的应用[J].物探与化探, 2007,31(3), 245-249.
[30]侯伯刚,乌达巴拉,杨再岩等地震相干体技术简介及其应用[J].现代地质, 1999,13(1): 121-124.
[31]阎德庆,杨飞鹏等应用改进的相干算法提高二维地震资料解释精度[J].物探化探计算技术, 2001, 23(4): 314-317.
[32]刘传虎.地震相干分析技术在裂缝油气藏预测中的应用[J].石油地球物勘探, 2001, 36(2): 238-244.
[33]邹才能,张颖等油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版, 2002. 15-25
[2] Marfurt K J, Kirlin R L, Farmer S L, etal.3-D Seismic Attrib-utes Using a Semblance-Based Coherency Algorithm[J]. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4): 1150-1165.
[3] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt K J. Eigenstructure-Based Coherence Computations as an Aid to 3-D Structural and Stratigraphic Mapping[J]. Genphysics, 1999, 64(5): 1468-1479.
[4]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003, 27(2): 128-130.
[5] A1-Dossary S, Simon Y, Marfurt K.J. Inter Azimuth Coherence Attribute for Fracture Detection[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts , 2004(5): 183-186.
[6]崔若飞,赵爱华.利用模式识别方法解释微小断层[J].中国矿业大学学报1995,4(30):556-566.
[7]王西文,苏明军,刘军迎等.基于小波变换的地震相干的算法及应用[J].石油物探,2002, 41(3): 334-338.
[8]许庆山,李秀人.信号与系统[M].航空工业出版社, 1998, 147-153.
[9]程乾生.数字信号处理的数学原理[M].石油工业出版社, 1979.
[10]宗孔德,胡广书.数字信号处理[M].清华大学出版社, 1999, 70-84.
[11] Gersztenkorn A, Marfurt K J. 1999. Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping [J]. Geophysics, 64: 104-111.
[12]张军华,王永刚,赵勇等.相干体技术算法改进及其在JTH地区的应用[J].物探与化探26(1): 50-52.
[13]孙夕平,杜世通.乘幂法在地震属性分析中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术2002(4):316-321.
[14]廖林,杨晓敏,朱之锦.相干技术在孤岛地区勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学报1999,4(6):158-164.
[15]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛等.基于MATLAB 6.x的系统分析与设计-小波分析(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技出版社, 2004.
[16]程正兴.小波分析算法与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2003.
[17]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报1996(1): 392-398.
[18]王西文,高静怀,李幼铭.高分辨地震资料处理中的导数小波函数的构造[J].石油物探, 2000(2):64-71.
[21]王西文.高分辨率滤波算子在小波域中的提取闭石油地球物理勘探[J].石油物探,2000.6(3): 298-314.
[22]王西文,刘全新,李幼铭等.地震信号瞬时特征在小波域分频提取的方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探2000. 8(4): 452-478.
[23]刘兰峰,刘全新,雍学善等.谱分析法对小波母函数的探讨及小波时领分析[J].新疆石油地质2005(6): 272-274.
[24]张军华,王月英,赵勇等.小波多分辨率相干数据体的提取及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探2004(1): 33-39.
[25]柴振友,宋端智.相干技术在三维地震勘探构造解释中的研究与应用[J].物探化探计算技术, 2000, 20(1): 30-33
[26]佘德平,曹辉,郭全利等应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探, 2000, 39(2): 83-88.
[27]王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2001, 36(3): 378-381.
[28]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社, 2001: 205-211.
[29]钟凌云.小波变换方法在地震资料噪声消除中的应用[J].物探与化探, 2007,31(3), 245-249.
[30]侯伯刚,乌达巴拉,杨再岩等地震相干体技术简介及其应用[J].现代地质, 1999,13(1): 121-124.
[31]阎德庆,杨飞鹏等应用改进的相干算法提高二维地震资料解释精度[J].物探化探计算技术, 2001, 23(4): 314-317.
[32]刘传虎.地震相干分析技术在裂缝油气藏预测中的应用[J].石油地球物勘探, 2001, 36(2): 238-244.
[33]邹才能,张颖等油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版, 2002. 15-25