四川盆地北部晚侏罗世和白垩纪沉积古地理演化
|
摘要
本文以沉积学与古地理学、层序地层学的理论和方法为指导,实地观测野外露头剖面,整理分析收集的钻井和测井数据,将研究区地层划分进行重新厘定,将研究区划分为龙门山地层小区、川中地层小区和川东地层小区。对四川盆地北部晚侏罗世和白垩纪进行了沉积古地理的研究,编制岩相古地理图。
以沉积学为基础,对研究区上侏罗统和白垩系划分出冲积扇沉积体系、河流沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系4沉积体系,得出上侏罗统主要为河湖碎屑沉积体系和冲积扇—扇三角洲—三角洲碎屑沉积体系,下白垩统主要为冲积扇—扇三角洲及河湖碎屑沉积体系,上白垩统主要为河湖碎屑沉积体系。利用层序地层学的原理,进一步将研究区的上侏罗统和白垩系划分出3个构造层序和10个三级层序,探讨了沉积体系的空间展布特征和盆地的充填演化规律。
综合现有的资料和成果,结合古构造分析,沉积体系、地层和古水流的研究,运用点(单个剖面或者钻井资料)——线(剖面卡或者钻井的地层连井对比图)——面(古地理图)的编图方法,以构造层序为编图单元编制研究区晚侏罗世和白垩纪的构造—岩相古地理图。对编图前的设计、准备和编图过程等工作做了详细介绍。由划分出的3个构造层序,编制了晚侏罗世(SS1)、早白垩世(SS2)和晚白垩世(SS3)3幅岩相古地理图,具有中等比例尺、较为合理的反映了区域性的沉积古地理特征的特点。
最后,分析晚侏罗世—白垩统沉积古地理特征及演化,并与中扬子地区进行对比,得出晚侏罗世和白垩纪,四川盆地北部在挤压应力环境,古地理格局上逐步向西向南萎缩的过程,沉积相带总体呈NE-SW展布,晚白垩世四川盆地北部抬升,遭受剥蚀,沉积范围进一步缩小。并将四川盆地与东部江汉盆地进构造演化进行对比,得出晚白垩世东西差异构造变形的古地理格局。
Based on the theories and methods of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, the detail survey on the field outcrop, and the analysis of drillhole information. The author made the stratigraphic division, studied in detail paleogeographical characteristics and evolution of the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous in the northern Sichuan basin, then, compiled the lithofacies paleogeographical map.
By using the method of sedimentology, this paper divided the sedimentary system of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous in northern Sichuan basin into 4 types of sedimentary systems. The Upper Jurassic were built of fluvial - lacustrine and alluvial fan - fan delta - delta clastic sedimentary system, the Lower Cretaceous were fluvial - lacustrine and alluvial fan - fan delta - delta clastic sedimentary systems, and the Upper Cretaceous was fluvial - lacustrine clastic sedimentary system, and then it discussed the characteristics and distribution of sedimentary system, and basin-filling evolution.
With the research findings of the group, combined with palaeostructure analysis, stratigraphy and palaeocurrent research. It also determined 3 tectonic sequence, 10 third - order sequence and compiled the lithofacies paleogeographical map of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous which adopted tectonic sequence as basic mapping unit.The map had medium-scale and rightly delivered the paleogeographical characteristics of the study area.
Finally, the paleogeographical characteristics and evolution in different tectonic sequence was demonstrated in details and comparison with Mid– Yangtze area. Then it concluded that, with compressive stress, the paleogeographical patterns of northern Sichuan basin gradually shrunk to southwestern Sichuan basin. After the Early Cretaceous, there is different paleogeographical evolution between Sichuan basin and Mid– Yangtze area.
以沉积学为基础,对研究区上侏罗统和白垩系划分出冲积扇沉积体系、河流沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系和三角洲沉积体系4沉积体系,得出上侏罗统主要为河湖碎屑沉积体系和冲积扇—扇三角洲—三角洲碎屑沉积体系,下白垩统主要为冲积扇—扇三角洲及河湖碎屑沉积体系,上白垩统主要为河湖碎屑沉积体系。利用层序地层学的原理,进一步将研究区的上侏罗统和白垩系划分出3个构造层序和10个三级层序,探讨了沉积体系的空间展布特征和盆地的充填演化规律。
综合现有的资料和成果,结合古构造分析,沉积体系、地层和古水流的研究,运用点(单个剖面或者钻井资料)——线(剖面卡或者钻井的地层连井对比图)——面(古地理图)的编图方法,以构造层序为编图单元编制研究区晚侏罗世和白垩纪的构造—岩相古地理图。对编图前的设计、准备和编图过程等工作做了详细介绍。由划分出的3个构造层序,编制了晚侏罗世(SS1)、早白垩世(SS2)和晚白垩世(SS3)3幅岩相古地理图,具有中等比例尺、较为合理的反映了区域性的沉积古地理特征的特点。
最后,分析晚侏罗世—白垩统沉积古地理特征及演化,并与中扬子地区进行对比,得出晚侏罗世和白垩纪,四川盆地北部在挤压应力环境,古地理格局上逐步向西向南萎缩的过程,沉积相带总体呈NE-SW展布,晚白垩世四川盆地北部抬升,遭受剥蚀,沉积范围进一步缩小。并将四川盆地与东部江汉盆地进构造演化进行对比,得出晚白垩世东西差异构造变形的古地理格局。
Based on the theories and methods of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, the detail survey on the field outcrop, and the analysis of drillhole information. The author made the stratigraphic division, studied in detail paleogeographical characteristics and evolution of the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous in the northern Sichuan basin, then, compiled the lithofacies paleogeographical map.
By using the method of sedimentology, this paper divided the sedimentary system of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous in northern Sichuan basin into 4 types of sedimentary systems. The Upper Jurassic were built of fluvial - lacustrine and alluvial fan - fan delta - delta clastic sedimentary system, the Lower Cretaceous were fluvial - lacustrine and alluvial fan - fan delta - delta clastic sedimentary systems, and the Upper Cretaceous was fluvial - lacustrine clastic sedimentary system, and then it discussed the characteristics and distribution of sedimentary system, and basin-filling evolution.
With the research findings of the group, combined with palaeostructure analysis, stratigraphy and palaeocurrent research. It also determined 3 tectonic sequence, 10 third - order sequence and compiled the lithofacies paleogeographical map of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous which adopted tectonic sequence as basic mapping unit.The map had medium-scale and rightly delivered the paleogeographical characteristics of the study area.
Finally, the paleogeographical characteristics and evolution in different tectonic sequence was demonstrated in details and comparison with Mid– Yangtze area. Then it concluded that, with compressive stress, the paleogeographical patterns of northern Sichuan basin gradually shrunk to southwestern Sichuan basin. After the Early Cretaceous, there is different paleogeographical evolution between Sichuan basin and Mid– Yangtze area.
引文
[1]曹珂.四川盆地晚中生代红层与古气候:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[2]陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练.沉积学及古地理学教程.北京:地址出版社,2008.
[3]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.川西前陆盆地中—新生代沉积迁移与构造转换.中国地质,2008,35(3):472-481
[4]邓康龄,王信.四川盆地西部侏罗纪沉积相及油气分布.沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):90-95
[5]董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱-冲断推覆构造的特征. 2008,27(9):1493-1508
[6]高红灿,郑荣才,柯光明,等.川西上侏罗统遂宁组沉积相特征.古地理学报,2006,8(4):467-476
[7]苟宗海.四川大邑—汶川地区侏罗—第三系砾岩特征及沉积环境.中国区域地质,2001,20(1):25-32
[8]苟宗海,赵兵.四川大邑—崇州地区的白垩、第三系.地层学杂志,2001,25(1):28-33
[9]古俊林.川西坳陷南部侏罗系高分辨率层序地层学研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2004.
[10]郭辉.豫西地区新元古代地层沉积特征及沉积古地理研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2008.
[11]郭旭升,梅廉夫,汤济广,等.扬子地块中、新生代构造演化对海相油气成藏的制约.石油与天然气地质,2006. 27(3):295-304
[12]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1996.
[13]胡晓强,陈洪德,纪相田,等.川西前陆盆地侏罗系三角洲沉积体系与沉积模式.石油试验地质,2005,27(3):226-237
[14]吉让寿,高长林.秦岭—大别造山带两侧中新生代构造变格与成盆作用.石油试验地质,2005,27(5):449-461
[15]江新胜.中国白垩纪沙漠及其古气候:[博士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2003.
[16]李岩峰,曲国胜,刘殊,等.米仓山、南大巴山前缘构造特征及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):285-292
[17]刘宝珺,中国南方岩相古地理图集.北京:科学出版社,1994.
[18]刘宝珺,曾允孚.岩相古地理基础和工作方法.北京:地址出版社,1985.
[19]孟繁松,陈辉明,李旭兵.四川盆地非海相三叠系-侏罗系界线研究.地层学杂志,2005,29(增刊):565-571
[20]孟繁松,李旭兵.三峡库区川东-鄂西早-中侏罗世地层的精细对比及沉积环境变化.华南地质与矿产,2004,(3):59-66
[21]童崇光.四川盆地构造演化与油气聚集.北京:地质出版社,1992.
[22]潘忠习,江新胜,傅清平.四川盆地白垩纪沙漠沉积磁组构特征及其古风向意义.岩相古地理,1999,19(1):12-19
[23]秦胜飞,赵孟军,宋岩,等.川西前陆盆地天然气成藏过程.地学前缘,2005,12(4):517-524
[24]丘东洲.四川盆地西部坳陷晚三叠—早白垩世地层沉积相.四川地质学报,2000,20(3):161-170
[25]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991.
[26]四川油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷十)四川油气区.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[27]宋岩,赵孟军,柳少波,等.中国前陆盆地油气富集规律.地质评论,2006,52(1):85-92
[28]王亮国,余福林,邓康龄,等.川西坳陷侏罗系沉积环境.油气地质与采集率,2001,8(6):13-16
[29]徐强,廖仕孟,朱永刚,等.川西龙门山前陆盆地中砂砾质楔形体的定量统计.沉积与特提斯地质,2000,20(4):31-37
[30]徐世球,佘继完.四川省剑门关一带晚侏罗世沉积体系与古环境演化.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):235-240
[31]王红梅,刘育燕,王志远.四川剑门关侏罗—白垩系红层分子化石的古环境和古气候意义.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):229-234
[32]王峻.四川盆地上三叠统一侏罗系沉积体系及层序地层学研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[33]王鸿祯,王自强,张玲华,等.中国古大陆边缘中、新元古代及古生代构造演化.北京:地质出版社,1994.
[34]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集.北京:地图出版社,1986.
[35]王亮国,曹烈,邓康龄.川西坳陷侏罗系沉积岩相与生烃关系研究.沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(1):38-43
[36]王永标,徐海军.四川盆地侏罗纪至早白垩世沉积旋回与构造隆升的关系.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):241-276
[37]汪泽成,赵智林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探.北京:地质出版社,2002.
[38]杨长清,刘树根,曹波,等.龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地耦合关系及其对油气成藏的控制.成都理工学院学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):471-476
[39]叶茂才,易智强,李剑波.川西坳陷蓬莱镇组沉积体系时空配置规律.成都理工学院学报,2000,27(1):54-59
[40]余心起,舒良树,邓平,等.中国东南部侏罗纪—第三纪陆相地层沉积特征.地层学杂志,2003,27(3):254-262
[41]张闻林,张哨楠,陈洪德,等.川西北部地区侏罗系层序地层特征,天然气工业,2005,25(增刊A):41-44
[42]周存俭,徐国盛,周连德,等.平落坝气田中、上侏罗统致密碎屑岩储集层特征.断块油气田,2008,15(5):5-9
[43] A.D.Miall.Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis (3rd,edition). Springer– Verlag. Heidelberg, Germany, 2000. 1-616
[44] HUANG Dinghua, DUAN Yichun, et al. Middle Yangtze sea-basin over Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition——Sedimental continuity and environmental catastrophe.Science in China, Ser.D. 2002. 45(8): 730-740.
[45] Klemme H D, Petroleum basins-Classifications and Characteristics.Journal of Petroleum geology, 1988, 3(2).
[46] Schwarzak, W. Sedimental Models and Quantitative Stratigraphy. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1984.
[47] Tang Liangjie, Guo Tonglou, Jin Wenzheng, et al. Main structural styles and deformation mechanisms in the northern Sichuan Basin, Southern China. ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION. Beijing: GEOLOGICAL SOC CHINA, 2008. 82(3): 543-553.
[48] Tucker M E. Sedimentary petrology, an introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks. Oxford Blackwell Science Publlication, 2001.
[2]陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练.沉积学及古地理学教程.北京:地址出版社,2008.
[3]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.川西前陆盆地中—新生代沉积迁移与构造转换.中国地质,2008,35(3):472-481
[4]邓康龄,王信.四川盆地西部侏罗纪沉积相及油气分布.沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):90-95
[5]董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱-冲断推覆构造的特征. 2008,27(9):1493-1508
[6]高红灿,郑荣才,柯光明,等.川西上侏罗统遂宁组沉积相特征.古地理学报,2006,8(4):467-476
[7]苟宗海.四川大邑—汶川地区侏罗—第三系砾岩特征及沉积环境.中国区域地质,2001,20(1):25-32
[8]苟宗海,赵兵.四川大邑—崇州地区的白垩、第三系.地层学杂志,2001,25(1):28-33
[9]古俊林.川西坳陷南部侏罗系高分辨率层序地层学研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2004.
[10]郭辉.豫西地区新元古代地层沉积特征及沉积古地理研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2008.
[11]郭旭升,梅廉夫,汤济广,等.扬子地块中、新生代构造演化对海相油气成藏的制约.石油与天然气地质,2006. 27(3):295-304
[12]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1996.
[13]胡晓强,陈洪德,纪相田,等.川西前陆盆地侏罗系三角洲沉积体系与沉积模式.石油试验地质,2005,27(3):226-237
[14]吉让寿,高长林.秦岭—大别造山带两侧中新生代构造变格与成盆作用.石油试验地质,2005,27(5):449-461
[15]江新胜.中国白垩纪沙漠及其古气候:[博士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2003.
[16]李岩峰,曲国胜,刘殊,等.米仓山、南大巴山前缘构造特征及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):285-292
[17]刘宝珺,中国南方岩相古地理图集.北京:科学出版社,1994.
[18]刘宝珺,曾允孚.岩相古地理基础和工作方法.北京:地址出版社,1985.
[19]孟繁松,陈辉明,李旭兵.四川盆地非海相三叠系-侏罗系界线研究.地层学杂志,2005,29(增刊):565-571
[20]孟繁松,李旭兵.三峡库区川东-鄂西早-中侏罗世地层的精细对比及沉积环境变化.华南地质与矿产,2004,(3):59-66
[21]童崇光.四川盆地构造演化与油气聚集.北京:地质出版社,1992.
[22]潘忠习,江新胜,傅清平.四川盆地白垩纪沙漠沉积磁组构特征及其古风向意义.岩相古地理,1999,19(1):12-19
[23]秦胜飞,赵孟军,宋岩,等.川西前陆盆地天然气成藏过程.地学前缘,2005,12(4):517-524
[24]丘东洲.四川盆地西部坳陷晚三叠—早白垩世地层沉积相.四川地质学报,2000,20(3):161-170
[25]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1991.
[26]四川油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷十)四川油气区.北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[27]宋岩,赵孟军,柳少波,等.中国前陆盆地油气富集规律.地质评论,2006,52(1):85-92
[28]王亮国,余福林,邓康龄,等.川西坳陷侏罗系沉积环境.油气地质与采集率,2001,8(6):13-16
[29]徐强,廖仕孟,朱永刚,等.川西龙门山前陆盆地中砂砾质楔形体的定量统计.沉积与特提斯地质,2000,20(4):31-37
[30]徐世球,佘继完.四川省剑门关一带晚侏罗世沉积体系与古环境演化.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):235-240
[31]王红梅,刘育燕,王志远.四川剑门关侏罗—白垩系红层分子化石的古环境和古气候意义.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):229-234
[32]王峻.四川盆地上三叠统一侏罗系沉积体系及层序地层学研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[33]王鸿祯,王自强,张玲华,等.中国古大陆边缘中、新元古代及古生代构造演化.北京:地质出版社,1994.
[34]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集.北京:地图出版社,1986.
[35]王亮国,曹烈,邓康龄.川西坳陷侏罗系沉积岩相与生烃关系研究.沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(1):38-43
[36]王永标,徐海军.四川盆地侏罗纪至早白垩世沉积旋回与构造隆升的关系.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(3):241-276
[37]汪泽成,赵智林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探.北京:地质出版社,2002.
[38]杨长清,刘树根,曹波,等.龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地耦合关系及其对油气成藏的控制.成都理工学院学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):471-476
[39]叶茂才,易智强,李剑波.川西坳陷蓬莱镇组沉积体系时空配置规律.成都理工学院学报,2000,27(1):54-59
[40]余心起,舒良树,邓平,等.中国东南部侏罗纪—第三纪陆相地层沉积特征.地层学杂志,2003,27(3):254-262
[41]张闻林,张哨楠,陈洪德,等.川西北部地区侏罗系层序地层特征,天然气工业,2005,25(增刊A):41-44
[42]周存俭,徐国盛,周连德,等.平落坝气田中、上侏罗统致密碎屑岩储集层特征.断块油气田,2008,15(5):5-9
[43] A.D.Miall.Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis (3rd,edition). Springer– Verlag. Heidelberg, Germany, 2000. 1-616
[44] HUANG Dinghua, DUAN Yichun, et al. Middle Yangtze sea-basin over Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition——Sedimental continuity and environmental catastrophe.Science in China, Ser.D. 2002. 45(8): 730-740.
[45] Klemme H D, Petroleum basins-Classifications and Characteristics.Journal of Petroleum geology, 1988, 3(2).
[46] Schwarzak, W. Sedimental Models and Quantitative Stratigraphy. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1984.
[47] Tang Liangjie, Guo Tonglou, Jin Wenzheng, et al. Main structural styles and deformation mechanisms in the northern Sichuan Basin, Southern China. ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION. Beijing: GEOLOGICAL SOC CHINA, 2008. 82(3): 543-553.
[48] Tucker M E. Sedimentary petrology, an introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks. Oxford Blackwell Science Publlication, 2001.