叠合盆地构造热演化模拟
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摘要
目前国内盆地的构造-热演化模拟研究多集中在中国东部的裂谷盆地,对于江汉盆地这样一个在前震旦系陆壳基底上,经历了多期升降、拉张、挤压构造活动作用,最终形成的多期原型盆地并列迭加的叠合盆地,构造—热演化模拟工作开展的不多。对于江汉盆地的热历史研究,多集中在对新生代伸展断陷盆地的研究,并且热历史研究的方法多采用古温标法。利用地球动力学方法进行构造热演化模拟研究,可以帮助我们从更深、更广的岩石圈角度和尺度来研究沉积盆地的热历史,探索深部动力作用和构造活动与快速沉积、剥蚀等浅部作用相结合的方法,模拟研究盆地的热体制。
本文尝试从盆地的构造-热体制出发,基于地球动力学理论,对江汉盆地的宜随、监应、临黄、宜洪四条地质剖面进行了构造模拟。晚印支期—中燕山期,江汉盆地受到了强烈的挤压改造,模拟结果表明,江汉盆地中部地区此时的缩短率约为23.9%。南部挤压作用更为强烈,缩短率25.9%。燕山晚期以后,全区进入伸展构造环境,江汉盆地广泛接受了白垩系、古近系、新近系沉积。
在构造模拟的基础上,采用应变速率法对江汉盆地进行长时间序列的构造热演化模拟。反演了宜随、监应和临黄剖面570Ma以来的基底热流密度。结果表明在390Ma以前,江汉盆地基底热流一直处于缓慢增长阶段,570Ma热流普遍在57mW/m2左右;390～240Ma,江汉盆地中部热流进入衰减期,240Ma热流普遍降至55W/m2左右;240～159Ma,热流迅速升高,盆地北部部分地区甚至达到了历史极大值,整个盆地的热流分布呈现“北高南低”的分布特征,随后江汉盆地的热流变化出现明显的区域特征,部分区域热流变化较为复杂。最后计算了三条剖面的各期的温度场,实现岩石圈尺度的热模拟与盆地尺度的热模拟的有机结合。建立的多期挤压、伸展构造旋回沉积盆地的构造热演化模拟流程,为中国陆域前新生代海相沉积盆地的热历史研究提供了新的思路。
Currently, most of the tectonic- thermal evolution researches for sedimentary basins in China are focused on the rift basins in the east of China. Jianghan basin is a superposed basin formed by multiple extensional and compressional tectonic deformation on Pre-Sinian crystallized continental crust. The researches of tectonic-thermal evolution of Jianghan basin are few,and most of them are focused on Cenozoic extensional rift basin stage, or used palaeo-temperature indicator method.
Tectonic-thermal evolution modeling, witch are based on geodynamics, is useful to study the thermal history of sedimentary basins based on the thermal structure of the Lithosphere scale. The method can combine the effects of deep-dynamics, the tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation and erosion, etc.
In this paper, tectonic modeling of four geological profiles (Yihong , Yisui , Jianying , Linhuang) in Jianghan Basin were carried out based on geodynamics setting. From late Indo-Chinese epoch to mid-Yanshanian epoch,Jianghan basin was deformed intensively by compressional tectonic activity. The shortening rate was 23.9% in the central region, and 25.9% in the south. After late-Yanshanian, Jianghan basin entered extensional period and deposited thick sedimentary strata.
Long time series models of tectonic-thermal evolution about Jianghan Basin were set up by strain rate method. The basal heat flow densites and temperature fields of Yihong, Yisui, Jianying profiles were inversed for different historical stages, which are important for maturity studies of source rocks in Jianghan Basin. The results of the thermal evolution modeling showed that HF (heat flow) increased slowly before 390Ma from about 57mW/m2 at 570Ma, decreased to 55mW/m2 at 240Ma, and increased rapidly from 240Ma to 159Ma, when the heat flow achieved the historical maximum value at the northern area of JiangHan basin. Subsequently, it changed significantly and showed different regional characteristics. The method combines the thermal model of the lithosphere scale and that of the basin scale. The process flow for modeling tectonic-thermal evolution is established for multi-period extensional and compressional tectonic cycles, which provides a new way for study of the thermal history of pre-Cenozoic marine facies sedimentary basins in China.
本文尝试从盆地的构造-热体制出发,基于地球动力学理论,对江汉盆地的宜随、监应、临黄、宜洪四条地质剖面进行了构造模拟。晚印支期—中燕山期,江汉盆地受到了强烈的挤压改造,模拟结果表明,江汉盆地中部地区此时的缩短率约为23.9%。南部挤压作用更为强烈,缩短率25.9%。燕山晚期以后,全区进入伸展构造环境,江汉盆地广泛接受了白垩系、古近系、新近系沉积。
在构造模拟的基础上,采用应变速率法对江汉盆地进行长时间序列的构造热演化模拟。反演了宜随、监应和临黄剖面570Ma以来的基底热流密度。结果表明在390Ma以前,江汉盆地基底热流一直处于缓慢增长阶段,570Ma热流普遍在57mW/m2左右;390～240Ma,江汉盆地中部热流进入衰减期,240Ma热流普遍降至55W/m2左右;240～159Ma,热流迅速升高,盆地北部部分地区甚至达到了历史极大值,整个盆地的热流分布呈现“北高南低”的分布特征,随后江汉盆地的热流变化出现明显的区域特征,部分区域热流变化较为复杂。最后计算了三条剖面的各期的温度场,实现岩石圈尺度的热模拟与盆地尺度的热模拟的有机结合。建立的多期挤压、伸展构造旋回沉积盆地的构造热演化模拟流程,为中国陆域前新生代海相沉积盆地的热历史研究提供了新的思路。
Currently, most of the tectonic- thermal evolution researches for sedimentary basins in China are focused on the rift basins in the east of China. Jianghan basin is a superposed basin formed by multiple extensional and compressional tectonic deformation on Pre-Sinian crystallized continental crust. The researches of tectonic-thermal evolution of Jianghan basin are few,and most of them are focused on Cenozoic extensional rift basin stage, or used palaeo-temperature indicator method.
Tectonic-thermal evolution modeling, witch are based on geodynamics, is useful to study the thermal history of sedimentary basins based on the thermal structure of the Lithosphere scale. The method can combine the effects of deep-dynamics, the tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation and erosion, etc.
In this paper, tectonic modeling of four geological profiles (Yihong , Yisui , Jianying , Linhuang) in Jianghan Basin were carried out based on geodynamics setting. From late Indo-Chinese epoch to mid-Yanshanian epoch,Jianghan basin was deformed intensively by compressional tectonic activity. The shortening rate was 23.9% in the central region, and 25.9% in the south. After late-Yanshanian, Jianghan basin entered extensional period and deposited thick sedimentary strata.
Long time series models of tectonic-thermal evolution about Jianghan Basin were set up by strain rate method. The basal heat flow densites and temperature fields of Yihong, Yisui, Jianying profiles were inversed for different historical stages, which are important for maturity studies of source rocks in Jianghan Basin. The results of the thermal evolution modeling showed that HF (heat flow) increased slowly before 390Ma from about 57mW/m2 at 570Ma, decreased to 55mW/m2 at 240Ma, and increased rapidly from 240Ma to 159Ma, when the heat flow achieved the historical maximum value at the northern area of JiangHan basin. Subsequently, it changed significantly and showed different regional characteristics. The method combines the thermal model of the lithosphere scale and that of the basin scale. The process flow for modeling tectonic-thermal evolution is established for multi-period extensional and compressional tectonic cycles, which provides a new way for study of the thermal history of pre-Cenozoic marine facies sedimentary basins in China.
引文
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[2]徐旭辉,江兴歌,朱建辉,等.TSM盆地模拟—在苏北溱潼凹陷的应用[M],北京:地质出版社,1997.
[3]李思田,沉积盆地的动力学分析.地学前缘,1995,2(3-4):1-8.
[4]李思田,盆地动力学与能源资源—世纪之交的回顾与展望.地学前缘,20007,7(3):1-9.
[5]李成,王良书,郭随平,等.塔里木盆地的热演化.石油学报,2000,21(3):13-17.
[6]何丽娟,熊亮萍,汪集旸.沉积盆地多期拉张模拟中拉张系数的计算.科学通报,1995,40(24):2261-2263.
[7]何丽娟,熊亮萍,汪集旸.拉张盆地多期构造热演化模拟中的影响因素.地质科学,1998,33(2):125-131.
[8]何丽娟.辽河盆地新生代多期构造热演化模拟.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):75-82.
[9]何丽娟,熊亮萍,汪集旸 ,等.莺歌海盆地构造热演化模拟研究.中国科学(D),2000,30(4):415-419.
[10]林畅松,张燕梅.拉伸盆地模拟理论基础与新进展.地学前缘,1995,2(3):79～88.
[11]袁厚勇.裂谷盆地有机质成熟度史模拟及在江汉盆地中的应用:[硕士学位论文].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[12]袁玉松,朱传庆,胡圣标.江汉盆地热流史、沉积构造演化与热事件.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):934-939.
[13]王韶华,宋明雁,李国雄.江汉盆地南部二叠系烃源岩热演化特征.油气地质与采收率,2002,9(3):31-33.
[14]王绪本,倪师军,罗雨田等.江汉盆地托市构造热演化特征及地质意义.成都理工学院学报,1996,23(3):30-35.
[15]郭彤楼,李国雄,曾庆立.江汉盆地当阳复向斜当深3井热史恢复及其油气勘探意义.地质科学2005,40(4):570-578.
[16]李莉,王韶华,付宜兴.江汉平原海相地层构造样式和勘探方向.天然气勘探与开发,2007.30(2),12-17.
[17]陆克政.含油气盆地分析.山东:中国石油大学出版社,2001.114-115.
[18]赵金生.江汉盆地沉湖地区海相地层构造模式研究: [硕士学位论文].西北大学,2004.
[19]石广仁.油气盆地数值模拟方法(第三版).北京:石油工业出版社,2004,18.
[20]周竹生等.平衡剖面技术在地震资料解释中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(3),67-70.
[21]陈伟等.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用.北京:科学出版社出版,1993.
[22]梁慧社等.平衡剖面技术及其在油气勘探中的应用.北京:地震出版社,2002,4-8.
[23]陈林.南海张裂大陆边缘数值模拟研究:[博士学位论文].中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.
[24]王必金.江汉盆地构造演化与勘探方向:[博士学位论文].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[25]刘彦.江汉平原区中_古生界海相烃源岩二次生烃研究:[硕士学位论文]西北大学,2004.
[26]王清晨,孙枢,李继亮等.秦岭的大地构造演化.地质科学,1989,(2):129-142.
[27]郝杰,刘小汉.桐柏—大别碰撞造山带大型推覆—滑脱构造及其演化.地质科学,1988,(1):1-10.
[28]沈尚峰,江汉盆地江陵凹陷的构造格架和演化:[硕士学位论文].中国地质大学(北京)2008.
[29]叶舟等.江汉盆地前白垩系油气勘探前景展望.天然气工业,2005;25(2):14-19.
[30]徐政语,姚根顺,林舸等.江汉叠合盆地及邻区中生代以来盆山耦合数值模拟研究.大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(3),305-311.
[31] Chamberlin, R. T.The Appalachian folds of Central Pennsylvania.In:Journal of Geology. Chicago, 1910,18, 228～251.
[32] Chamberlin, R. T.The building of the Colorado Rockies. Journal of Geology.Chicago, 1919, 27, 225～251.
[33] Bucher. W. H., The deformation of the earth’s crust. New Jersey:Princeton University Press, 1933, 518.
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