水稻茎秆抗折力及其相关性状研究
摘要
倒伏现象是个古老而一直存在至今的问题,严重限制水稻品种的高产潜力,抗折力的大小,代表茎秆的强度,是通过非株高因素来提高茎秆抗倒伏性的关键。为探索识别与选择抗折断性状优良的茎秆的途径,研究影响茎秆强度相关因素的作用大小及其可塑性大小,为水稻抗倒伏育种探索可行的方向。
选择了4个茎秆外观差异极大的恢复系(桂99、测253、测359、测6-72)为材料。用具有峰值记录功能的推拉力计在田间测定主茎抗折断力,在室内测定茎秆不同部位的抗折力,利用显微摄像技术和图片处理软件Photoshop观察并准确测定了茎秆各解剖结构性状,用范氏中性、酸性洗涤纤维测量方法测定了茎秆细胞壁成分含量等,共计22个茎秆性状。
用数据处理软件DPS7.55对22个性状的观测结果进行了统计分析:
发现茎粗、壁厚、大小维管束等21个性状在品种间差异均极显著;19个性状在品种间,均有随品种茎粗增加而增加的趋势。
相关性分析,单位长度干重、大维管束面积、单位长度鲜重、机械组织厚度、茎粗等17个性状与茎秆抗折力相关性极显著,这17个性状间彼此相关关系也极为密切和复杂。其中茎粗、茎秆横截面积、单位长度干重、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积、机械组织厚度7个性状和茎秆抗折力相关系数达0.9以上。
通径分析发现,上述7个与茎秆抗折力相关关系极为密切的性状中,茎秆横截面积、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积本身有较强的直接作用,同时他们起着重要的中间桥梁作用,其他因素主要通过他们产生较大的作用。决定系数分析,茎秆横截面积、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积直接作用和相互共同作用对茎秆抗折力影响最大,是主要决定因素。
极差分析,依本次试验所选择材料来看,与茎秆抗折力相关性密切的7个性状均具有较大的可塑空间。
综合分析各因素,茎粗、茎秆横截面积、单位长度干重、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积、机械组织厚度7个性状是茎秆选择时的最佳参考性状;茎秆横截面积、单位长度干鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积是抗折力研究必须重点关注的性状。
结合实际选育工作,以茎粗为田间选择的参考性状,结合室内茎秆横截面积、单位长度干鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积、机械组织厚度的测定和比较,是选择高抗折力茎秆最优途径。大幅提高品种茎粗是抗倒伏育种值得实践和继续研究的方向。
Lodging is an ancient puzzle and still existing now, it badly restricted the yield potential of rice varieties. The ability of Breaking-resistant strength represented the strength of the culm, is the key to improve the ability of lodging-resistant of rice except the factors of plant height. To search after the ways of identifying and choosing the high ability of break resistant culm, study the action and the plasticity of the influence of correlative factors of culm strength, it can explore the feasible direction of the lodging resistance breeding of rice.
Selected 4 restorer lines (Gui99、Ce253、Ce359、Ce6-72) with very different culm appearance from each other. measured the Culm Breaking-resistant strength in the field by the push pull gauge with a function of recording peak value, and measured different part of culm in the door; and exactly measured the anatomic structure size of the culm by micro-imagery device and photograph software; measured cell wall component, neutral and acid detergent fiber content et, by the method of Van Soest's. Had measured 22 traits of culm totally.
The observed results of 22 characters were analyzed by software DPS7.55.
Found that 21 traits have notable difference from different varieties, 19 straits were increased by culm diameter.
Through correlation analysis, the results showed that the correlation of 17 straits and culm breaking-resistant strength were notable, the correlation of these 17 straits were very intimate and complex. And the correlation coefficient of culm diameter, culm crossing sectional area, dry material weight per unit length, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area, thickness of mechanical tissue 7 straits and culm breaking-resistant strength are above 0.9.
Through path analysis, in these 7 straits correlated intimately with culm breaking-resistant strength above, culm crossing sectional area, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area have a direct function, and also take an important role in them, other factors bring effect through them. Determination coefficient analysis, the direct function and interplay of culm crossing sectional area, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area have a big influence on culm breaking-resistant strength, they are primary decision factors.
From range analyzed, based on the materials from this test, 7 varieties which have a correlate intimately with culm breaking-resistant strength have a big plasticity space.
Synthesis analysis every factors, culm diameter, culm crossing sectional area, dry material weight per unit length, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area, thickness of mechanical tissue could be regard as important reference traits while selecting rice varieties with good power of resisting stalk broken, especially culm crossing sectional area, dry material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area.
Combined with practicality breeding work, used culm diameter as the reference trait, combined with the detective and comparative of Culm crossing sectional area,fresh material weight per unit length,great vascular bundle area,small vascular bundle area, it can be used as the best way to choose high culm breaking-resistant strength. Improved culm diameter dramatically is worth practicing and continuing to study of lodging-resistant breeding.
选择了4个茎秆外观差异极大的恢复系(桂99、测253、测359、测6-72)为材料。用具有峰值记录功能的推拉力计在田间测定主茎抗折断力,在室内测定茎秆不同部位的抗折力,利用显微摄像技术和图片处理软件Photoshop观察并准确测定了茎秆各解剖结构性状,用范氏中性、酸性洗涤纤维测量方法测定了茎秆细胞壁成分含量等,共计22个茎秆性状。
用数据处理软件DPS7.55对22个性状的观测结果进行了统计分析:
发现茎粗、壁厚、大小维管束等21个性状在品种间差异均极显著;19个性状在品种间,均有随品种茎粗增加而增加的趋势。
相关性分析,单位长度干重、大维管束面积、单位长度鲜重、机械组织厚度、茎粗等17个性状与茎秆抗折力相关性极显著,这17个性状间彼此相关关系也极为密切和复杂。其中茎粗、茎秆横截面积、单位长度干重、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积、机械组织厚度7个性状和茎秆抗折力相关系数达0.9以上。
通径分析发现,上述7个与茎秆抗折力相关关系极为密切的性状中,茎秆横截面积、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积本身有较强的直接作用,同时他们起着重要的中间桥梁作用,其他因素主要通过他们产生较大的作用。决定系数分析,茎秆横截面积、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积直接作用和相互共同作用对茎秆抗折力影响最大,是主要决定因素。
极差分析,依本次试验所选择材料来看,与茎秆抗折力相关性密切的7个性状均具有较大的可塑空间。
综合分析各因素,茎粗、茎秆横截面积、单位长度干重、单位长度鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积、机械组织厚度7个性状是茎秆选择时的最佳参考性状;茎秆横截面积、单位长度干鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积是抗折力研究必须重点关注的性状。
结合实际选育工作,以茎粗为田间选择的参考性状,结合室内茎秆横截面积、单位长度干鲜重、大维管束面积、小维管束面积、机械组织厚度的测定和比较,是选择高抗折力茎秆最优途径。大幅提高品种茎粗是抗倒伏育种值得实践和继续研究的方向。
Lodging is an ancient puzzle and still existing now, it badly restricted the yield potential of rice varieties. The ability of Breaking-resistant strength represented the strength of the culm, is the key to improve the ability of lodging-resistant of rice except the factors of plant height. To search after the ways of identifying and choosing the high ability of break resistant culm, study the action and the plasticity of the influence of correlative factors of culm strength, it can explore the feasible direction of the lodging resistance breeding of rice.
Selected 4 restorer lines (Gui99、Ce253、Ce359、Ce6-72) with very different culm appearance from each other. measured the Culm Breaking-resistant strength in the field by the push pull gauge with a function of recording peak value, and measured different part of culm in the door; and exactly measured the anatomic structure size of the culm by micro-imagery device and photograph software; measured cell wall component, neutral and acid detergent fiber content et, by the method of Van Soest's. Had measured 22 traits of culm totally.
The observed results of 22 characters were analyzed by software DPS7.55.
Found that 21 traits have notable difference from different varieties, 19 straits were increased by culm diameter.
Through correlation analysis, the results showed that the correlation of 17 straits and culm breaking-resistant strength were notable, the correlation of these 17 straits were very intimate and complex. And the correlation coefficient of culm diameter, culm crossing sectional area, dry material weight per unit length, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area, thickness of mechanical tissue 7 straits and culm breaking-resistant strength are above 0.9.
Through path analysis, in these 7 straits correlated intimately with culm breaking-resistant strength above, culm crossing sectional area, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area have a direct function, and also take an important role in them, other factors bring effect through them. Determination coefficient analysis, the direct function and interplay of culm crossing sectional area, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area have a big influence on culm breaking-resistant strength, they are primary decision factors.
From range analyzed, based on the materials from this test, 7 varieties which have a correlate intimately with culm breaking-resistant strength have a big plasticity space.
Synthesis analysis every factors, culm diameter, culm crossing sectional area, dry material weight per unit length, fresh material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area, thickness of mechanical tissue could be regard as important reference traits while selecting rice varieties with good power of resisting stalk broken, especially culm crossing sectional area, dry material weight per unit length, great vascular bundle area, small vascular bundle area.
Combined with practicality breeding work, used culm diameter as the reference trait, combined with the detective and comparative of Culm crossing sectional area,fresh material weight per unit length,great vascular bundle area,small vascular bundle area, it can be used as the best way to choose high culm breaking-resistant strength. Improved culm diameter dramatically is worth practicing and continuing to study of lodging-resistant breeding.
引文
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