我国高等教育质量保障体系改革研究
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摘要
目前我国高等教育既遭受国外竞争的压力,又面临国内扩招产生的数量与质量之间的的矛盾。高等教育质量问题已经引起学生及家长、用人单位、政府部门、专家学者等高校利益相关者的广泛关注。我国高等教育质量保障体系改革势在必行。
本文认为,我国高等教育质量保障体系改革必须借鉴西方发达国家的成功经验,同时结合我国特定的国内国际教育环境,以“以学生为中心的利益相关者”的要求为起点,以“认证”作为贯穿体系的动力机制,形成“相关者要求——质量标准和规制体系——学校认证——质量提高”的良性循环,将政府强制推动模式变成高校的自觉质量保障行为。
本文采用文献分析、流程图以及比较研究等多种方法分四部分进行了论述:第一部分论述了高等教育质量保障体系的理论基础;第二部分介绍了国外高等教育质量保障体系的模式和特点;第三部分对我国高等教育质量保障体系的现状进行了深入分析;第四部分提出了我国高等教育质量保障体系改革的途径。
Economic globalization; economic integration has promoted the higher education internationalization. Our country higher education concept , pattern , means of education and method return a gap back to existence compared with abroad , educational quality is uneven , are short of a competitive edge. From beginning in 1999, our country higher education enrollment scale have continued expanding , have also have aroused the general public while increasing the consumption the chance being educated , being played moving education, paying close attention to higher education mass broad. Relevance person has expressed the student and colleges and universities benefit such as parents , servant unit , authorities concerned and expert scholar never with the angle reforming an urgent demand of higher education mass guarantee system.
Thesis text ensures system reforming problem having been in progress from four aspect to our country higher education mass comment that.
First, have set forth higher education mass guarantee system rationale. Have introduced higher education concept , nature and particularity; Have discussed conceptual evolution of mass. The concept has experienced mass according with nature mass , serviceability mass , the customer reach just satisfied mass of relevance evolution process, and develop to become mass system "running after preeminent " process. Have introduced main two mass guarantee system theory. The ISO 9000:2000 printing plate quality control system standard has embodied satisfied thought of customer sufficiently, creativeness the field has brought forward eight quality control principle. GB/T19580 "the preeminent achievement effect appraises the criterion " national standard and GB/T19579 "the preeminent achievement effect estimates that the criterion puts guide into practice" country normalizing guides a document total quality management TQM to be standardized , includes seven categories.
The mass secondly, having discussed the higher education taking USA , European Union and Japan as representative's abroad ensures system pattern and characteristic. USA higher education mass ensures system abiding by the principle volunteering , emphasize that popular, important nonprofit attestation organization effect , ceaselessness attaching importance to mass guarantee system are perfect. Four capital of Europe such as United Kingdom , France , Holland and Belgium emphasize to found one kind of relatively independent intermediary organ outside centre decision-making range , implementing quality monitoring to higher education is the method that Europe adopts commonly in every country , priority has formed perfect estimating around teaching field system, attaching importance to by the educational legislation makes the higher education mass estimate that the job there must be laws to go by , has rules to follow. Japanese new "university interposes criterion " must put self-assessment into practice emphasizing university. Set up Japan technology person educates organization to set mind on organization , university valuation and degree award, be engaged in the valuation to university. Take the press circles valuation to higher education seriously
Once again, have analysed our country structuring higher education mass ensuring the achievement that system gets and having the problem. The first step has already formed our country taking that the government ensures as leading factor , school has ensured being that the main body , society estimate that mass ensures system for subsidiary higher education: Progress to take the government as dominant higher education estimate that the job has got a substantiality; The inside quality monitoring system taking school as the main body is unceasingly perfect; Society organization participates in quality of teaching estimating that the acquisition first step develops. Have problem is: Government force appraise , be short of tireder than colleges and universities making do for, an autonomy; Quality level is unable accurate reflect colleges and universities benefit call for of relevance person; Repeat the resource appraising , wasting education; The quality appraising a personnel is not all-round , intermediary organ operation does not standardize.
Have suggested that our country higher education ensures the route that system reforms finally. Reform and perfect our country higher education mass currently in effect guarantee system, must study advanced quality control theory, useful experience using developed Western countries for reference running a school, the mass inheriting and developing the higher education now having advantage , structuring Chinese characteristics according with our national condition , having ensures system.
Have brought forward the guiding ideology , principle and target reforming. The guiding ideology has two mainly one driving force and ultimate target being that mass ensures system all are that relevance person is satisfied take student as the centre benefit. That two is the core that entire system operates is "attestation mechanism ". Higher education mass ensures the system building-up ought to be that expectation and call for of relevance person look on centering on student benefit as attention focal point , expectation and call for of relevance person change benefit by the fact that the science investigation and study and designing that, becoming the education standard and educating a gauge to make system. Emphasize that person requires that quality level and the gauge make the virtuous circle that system school attestation mass improves " by the "relevance, with the conscientious behavior that the government compels to drive a pattern to have become colleges and universities. The governing principle reforming is included: Strategy-rization principle , internationalization principle , become market-oriented principle, diversify the principle sum and systematization principle. The population target reforming is: Reform now available system , the time course 5 years or so, integration mass guarantee system that "the government society school " that relevance person drives governs commonly, ensures building-up batch of marketplace guiding , benefit benefit relevance person is satisfied. The concrete target is: Supplement and perfect law and regulation system and quality level that higher education mass ensures, provide the law basis for system works; The mass forming countrywide systematization higher education ensures the system frame , reforms now available organization system , builds high-effect drive mechanism , decision-making mechanism and operating mechanism; Realize "higher education law " and educate other the talented person train objective that policy stipulates; Effective the structural reform of management driving institution of higher learning's , teaching manage , the student manages sum scientific research; Graduate employment rates reach the expected target.
Have brought forward the content frame reforming. The population frame changes , outputs and continues for to improve four parts including importing , organizing. Fundamental content is to found the government , integration mass that society and school govern commonly ensures system , relevance person governs including benefit , mass ensures in the government inside of mass guarantee and colleges and universities three build systematically.
The concrete measure reforming has six aspect: First, work out and perfect higher education mass to ensure the aspect laws and statutes, providing the policy basis for system works. Suggest working out "higher education mass ensures law " , making the strategic objective , guiding principle , policies and measures stipulating that our country higher education mass ensures clear; Two is that intermediary agent appraises organization approve society , allocates high-caliber higher education appraising the expert team. Country attestation approves the supervision management committee by Ministry of Education and China setting up educational quality attestation organization combinedly , is that the government who educates mass attestation to approve a committee , unites an implementation estimates that organization appraises a function with society; Three are to build the higher education mass guarantee standard diversifying. The mass guarantee standard diversifying is that the learner who has different knowledge background and call for provides really right education , can make colleges and universities of all of the various levels of all kinds find self rational space fixing position and developing , realization of sustainable development; Four are that relevance person participates in the mass guarantee encourage benefit , the guiding that public opinion propagates and superintend a function bring into full play. The expectation of relevance person sum demands essential points attestation ratification committee .know about the regular intervals benefit , degree of satisfaction of relevance person looks on benefit as the standard checking that mass ensures main part of system superior or inferior; Five is that perfect higher education ensures system in the inside of mass. Ask the inside resolving colleges and universities to govern the structure problem , set up the school mass guarantee committee, full powers be in charge of the school mass guarantee activity. Work out the personnel training standard. Building-up is collected including information, quality inspection , grade-three attend a lecture, quality monitoring and supervision ensure inclusive supervisory control of five modules system. And be in progress to mass guarantee information counting and analysing, timely feedback is related to person for benefit. Six is to build higher education mass guarantee information system , makes the mass information network beta-network-rization.
The thesis all is innovative to some extent on the visual angle and content studying. Go into in the past is concentrated on this two "total quality management TQM " and "ISO9000 quality control system " mainly visual angle, but the main body of a book have carried out the brand-new exploration , have emphasized to need to accord with our national condition, but have been not that theory is brought here apply mechanically. Guiding ideology , principle and target reforming in having made put forward clear on content, the higher education mass having structured integration "of integration of the government , society with colleges and universities " triple has ensured the system frame , has brought forward concrete measure and. Research results has operatability more.
本文认为,我国高等教育质量保障体系改革必须借鉴西方发达国家的成功经验,同时结合我国特定的国内国际教育环境,以“以学生为中心的利益相关者”的要求为起点,以“认证”作为贯穿体系的动力机制,形成“相关者要求——质量标准和规制体系——学校认证——质量提高”的良性循环,将政府强制推动模式变成高校的自觉质量保障行为。
本文采用文献分析、流程图以及比较研究等多种方法分四部分进行了论述:第一部分论述了高等教育质量保障体系的理论基础;第二部分介绍了国外高等教育质量保障体系的模式和特点;第三部分对我国高等教育质量保障体系的现状进行了深入分析;第四部分提出了我国高等教育质量保障体系改革的途径。
Economic globalization; economic integration has promoted the higher education internationalization. Our country higher education concept , pattern , means of education and method return a gap back to existence compared with abroad , educational quality is uneven , are short of a competitive edge. From beginning in 1999, our country higher education enrollment scale have continued expanding , have also have aroused the general public while increasing the consumption the chance being educated , being played moving education, paying close attention to higher education mass broad. Relevance person has expressed the student and colleges and universities benefit such as parents , servant unit , authorities concerned and expert scholar never with the angle reforming an urgent demand of higher education mass guarantee system.
Thesis text ensures system reforming problem having been in progress from four aspect to our country higher education mass comment that.
First, have set forth higher education mass guarantee system rationale. Have introduced higher education concept , nature and particularity; Have discussed conceptual evolution of mass. The concept has experienced mass according with nature mass , serviceability mass , the customer reach just satisfied mass of relevance evolution process, and develop to become mass system "running after preeminent " process. Have introduced main two mass guarantee system theory. The ISO 9000:2000 printing plate quality control system standard has embodied satisfied thought of customer sufficiently, creativeness the field has brought forward eight quality control principle. GB/T19580 "the preeminent achievement effect appraises the criterion " national standard and GB/T19579 "the preeminent achievement effect estimates that the criterion puts guide into practice" country normalizing guides a document total quality management TQM to be standardized , includes seven categories.
The mass secondly, having discussed the higher education taking USA , European Union and Japan as representative's abroad ensures system pattern and characteristic. USA higher education mass ensures system abiding by the principle volunteering , emphasize that popular, important nonprofit attestation organization effect , ceaselessness attaching importance to mass guarantee system are perfect. Four capital of Europe such as United Kingdom , France , Holland and Belgium emphasize to found one kind of relatively independent intermediary organ outside centre decision-making range , implementing quality monitoring to higher education is the method that Europe adopts commonly in every country , priority has formed perfect estimating around teaching field system, attaching importance to by the educational legislation makes the higher education mass estimate that the job there must be laws to go by , has rules to follow. Japanese new "university interposes criterion " must put self-assessment into practice emphasizing university. Set up Japan technology person educates organization to set mind on organization , university valuation and degree award, be engaged in the valuation to university. Take the press circles valuation to higher education seriously
Once again, have analysed our country structuring higher education mass ensuring the achievement that system gets and having the problem. The first step has already formed our country taking that the government ensures as leading factor , school has ensured being that the main body , society estimate that mass ensures system for subsidiary higher education: Progress to take the government as dominant higher education estimate that the job has got a substantiality; The inside quality monitoring system taking school as the main body is unceasingly perfect; Society organization participates in quality of teaching estimating that the acquisition first step develops. Have problem is: Government force appraise , be short of tireder than colleges and universities making do for, an autonomy; Quality level is unable accurate reflect colleges and universities benefit call for of relevance person; Repeat the resource appraising , wasting education; The quality appraising a personnel is not all-round , intermediary organ operation does not standardize.
Have suggested that our country higher education ensures the route that system reforms finally. Reform and perfect our country higher education mass currently in effect guarantee system, must study advanced quality control theory, useful experience using developed Western countries for reference running a school, the mass inheriting and developing the higher education now having advantage , structuring Chinese characteristics according with our national condition , having ensures system.
Have brought forward the guiding ideology , principle and target reforming. The guiding ideology has two mainly one driving force and ultimate target being that mass ensures system all are that relevance person is satisfied take student as the centre benefit. That two is the core that entire system operates is "attestation mechanism ". Higher education mass ensures the system building-up ought to be that expectation and call for of relevance person look on centering on student benefit as attention focal point , expectation and call for of relevance person change benefit by the fact that the science investigation and study and designing that, becoming the education standard and educating a gauge to make system. Emphasize that person requires that quality level and the gauge make the virtuous circle that system school attestation mass improves " by the "relevance, with the conscientious behavior that the government compels to drive a pattern to have become colleges and universities. The governing principle reforming is included: Strategy-rization principle , internationalization principle , become market-oriented principle, diversify the principle sum and systematization principle. The population target reforming is: Reform now available system , the time course 5 years or so, integration mass guarantee system that "the government society school " that relevance person drives governs commonly, ensures building-up batch of marketplace guiding , benefit benefit relevance person is satisfied. The concrete target is: Supplement and perfect law and regulation system and quality level that higher education mass ensures, provide the law basis for system works; The mass forming countrywide systematization higher education ensures the system frame , reforms now available organization system , builds high-effect drive mechanism , decision-making mechanism and operating mechanism; Realize "higher education law " and educate other the talented person train objective that policy stipulates; Effective the structural reform of management driving institution of higher learning's , teaching manage , the student manages sum scientific research; Graduate employment rates reach the expected target.
Have brought forward the content frame reforming. The population frame changes , outputs and continues for to improve four parts including importing , organizing. Fundamental content is to found the government , integration mass that society and school govern commonly ensures system , relevance person governs including benefit , mass ensures in the government inside of mass guarantee and colleges and universities three build systematically.
The concrete measure reforming has six aspect: First, work out and perfect higher education mass to ensure the aspect laws and statutes, providing the policy basis for system works. Suggest working out "higher education mass ensures law " , making the strategic objective , guiding principle , policies and measures stipulating that our country higher education mass ensures clear; Two is that intermediary agent appraises organization approve society , allocates high-caliber higher education appraising the expert team. Country attestation approves the supervision management committee by Ministry of Education and China setting up educational quality attestation organization combinedly , is that the government who educates mass attestation to approve a committee , unites an implementation estimates that organization appraises a function with society; Three are to build the higher education mass guarantee standard diversifying. The mass guarantee standard diversifying is that the learner who has different knowledge background and call for provides really right education , can make colleges and universities of all of the various levels of all kinds find self rational space fixing position and developing , realization of sustainable development; Four are that relevance person participates in the mass guarantee encourage benefit , the guiding that public opinion propagates and superintend a function bring into full play. The expectation of relevance person sum demands essential points attestation ratification committee .know about the regular intervals benefit , degree of satisfaction of relevance person looks on benefit as the standard checking that mass ensures main part of system superior or inferior; Five is that perfect higher education ensures system in the inside of mass. Ask the inside resolving colleges and universities to govern the structure problem , set up the school mass guarantee committee, full powers be in charge of the school mass guarantee activity. Work out the personnel training standard. Building-up is collected including information, quality inspection , grade-three attend a lecture, quality monitoring and supervision ensure inclusive supervisory control of five modules system. And be in progress to mass guarantee information counting and analysing, timely feedback is related to person for benefit. Six is to build higher education mass guarantee information system , makes the mass information network beta-network-rization.
The thesis all is innovative to some extent on the visual angle and content studying. Go into in the past is concentrated on this two "total quality management TQM " and "ISO9000 quality control system " mainly visual angle, but the main body of a book have carried out the brand-new exploration , have emphasized to need to accord with our national condition, but have been not that theory is brought here apply mechanically. Guiding ideology , principle and target reforming in having made put forward clear on content, the higher education mass having structured integration "of integration of the government , society with colleges and universities " triple has ensured the system frame , has brought forward concrete measure and. Research results has operatability more.
引文
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