油菜芥甘杂交培育的渐渗系农艺性状和品质性状评价
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摘要
油菜是世界上重要的油料和经济作物之一。目前我国主要栽培的甘蓝型油菜由国外引进,种质资源极为有限；芥菜型油菜起源于我国,具有许多优良特性。通过芥甘种间杂交培育具有优良遗传特性的种间杂种后代,对于油菜育种创造新种质具有重要意义。本研究于2007-2008年对160个芥甘种间杂交培育的渐渗系农艺性状与品质性状进行鉴定评价,并研究其性状的相关性,旨在鉴定出具有优良农艺性状、品质性状的油菜新种质,为其利用提供依据。获得的主要结果如下：
1 160个油菜渐渗系中株高135cm以下渐渗系8个、多分枝(14个分枝以上)渐渗系3个,多角果(单株角果数900个以上)渐渗系2个,高产渐渗系(单株产量50g以上)2个,同时获得4个综合农艺性状表现好的渐渗系。
2渐渗系产量构成因素相关性分析进一步表明油菜单株产量主要受单株总角果数的影响,单株产量与单株总角果数呈极显著正相关。高产育种时应把增加单株-次分枝数和单株角果数作为育种目标。
3用NIR法测定160个油菜渐渗系的种子芥酸、硫苷、油分和油酸含量,并用索氏抽提法对高油分渐渗系进行进一步分析,发现低芥酸、低硫苷(双低)渐渗系52个,高油分渐渗系2个,高油酸渐渗系2个,并获得综合品质性状较好的渐渗系2个。
4渐渗系品质性状相关分析表明芥酸含量、硫苷含量、油分含量和油酸含量之间无相关性。
Rapeseed is the world's major oil and cash crops. At present, China has cultivated Brassica napus from abroad, germplasm resources are very limited; Brassica juncea originated in China, has many good features. Through interspecific hybridization between B.juncea×B. napus canola cultivation has an excellent genetic characteristics of interspecific hybrid offspring, for the creation of new breeding germplasm rape of great significance. In this study, in 2007-2008 to 160 mustard interspecific hybridization introgression line cultivated agronomic traits and quality traits to identify the evaluation and to study the relevance of its characters to identify with good agronomic traits, quality traits of rapeseed new germplasm, to provide a basis for its use. The main results obtained are as follows:
1 160 rape introgression lines below 135cm height 8 introgressive line, multi-branch (a branch above) 3 introgressive line, multi-pod (pod number per plant or more) two introgression line, high-yielding introgression lines (above the yield per plant gg) 2, at the same time access to comprehensive agronomic traits 4 introgression line for good.
2 Department of introgression of yield components for further correlation analysis showed that rapeseed yield per plant by the impact of the total number of pods, total yield per plant and pod number per plant showed highly significant positive correlation. Breeding should be high time to increase the number of branches per plant and pod number per plant as a breeding goal.
3 Determination by NIR Rape 160 introgression lines of seed erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and oleic acid content, and with Soxhlet extraction method for high oil introgression line for further analysis and found that 52 low-erucic acid introgression line, low sulfur glycoside (even lower), two high-oil introgression line points, two introgression line of high oleic acid, and better integrated quality traits introgression line 2.
4 Introgression line quality traits related to content analysis showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate content, oil content and oleic acid content of no correlation between.
1 160个油菜渐渗系中株高135cm以下渐渗系8个、多分枝(14个分枝以上)渐渗系3个,多角果(单株角果数900个以上)渐渗系2个,高产渐渗系(单株产量50g以上)2个,同时获得4个综合农艺性状表现好的渐渗系。
2渐渗系产量构成因素相关性分析进一步表明油菜单株产量主要受单株总角果数的影响,单株产量与单株总角果数呈极显著正相关。高产育种时应把增加单株-次分枝数和单株角果数作为育种目标。
3用NIR法测定160个油菜渐渗系的种子芥酸、硫苷、油分和油酸含量,并用索氏抽提法对高油分渐渗系进行进一步分析,发现低芥酸、低硫苷(双低)渐渗系52个,高油分渐渗系2个,高油酸渐渗系2个,并获得综合品质性状较好的渐渗系2个。
4渐渗系品质性状相关分析表明芥酸含量、硫苷含量、油分含量和油酸含量之间无相关性。
Rapeseed is the world's major oil and cash crops. At present, China has cultivated Brassica napus from abroad, germplasm resources are very limited; Brassica juncea originated in China, has many good features. Through interspecific hybridization between B.juncea×B. napus canola cultivation has an excellent genetic characteristics of interspecific hybrid offspring, for the creation of new breeding germplasm rape of great significance. In this study, in 2007-2008 to 160 mustard interspecific hybridization introgression line cultivated agronomic traits and quality traits to identify the evaluation and to study the relevance of its characters to identify with good agronomic traits, quality traits of rapeseed new germplasm, to provide a basis for its use. The main results obtained are as follows:
1 160 rape introgression lines below 135cm height 8 introgressive line, multi-branch (a branch above) 3 introgressive line, multi-pod (pod number per plant or more) two introgression line, high-yielding introgression lines (above the yield per plant gg) 2, at the same time access to comprehensive agronomic traits 4 introgression line for good.
2 Department of introgression of yield components for further correlation analysis showed that rapeseed yield per plant by the impact of the total number of pods, total yield per plant and pod number per plant showed highly significant positive correlation. Breeding should be high time to increase the number of branches per plant and pod number per plant as a breeding goal.
3 Determination by NIR Rape 160 introgression lines of seed erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and oleic acid content, and with Soxhlet extraction method for high oil introgression line for further analysis and found that 52 low-erucic acid introgression line, low sulfur glycoside (even lower), two high-oil introgression line points, two introgression line of high oleic acid, and better integrated quality traits introgression line 2.
4 Introgression line quality traits related to content analysis showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate content, oil content and oleic acid content of no correlation between.
引文
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[2]胡琼等.甘蓝型油苹品种的细胞质育性类型初探.中国油料.1992(4).
[3]刘志文,王英,刘雪平等.甘蓝型黄籽油菜分子标记辅助选择的效果分析[J].华北农学报,2006,21(2)：57-61.
[4]李媛媛,傅廷栋,马朝芝.芸薹属植物比较基因组学研究进展[J].植物学通报,2007,24(2)：200-207.
[5]Chen Y-P(陈云鹏),Cao J-S(曹家树),Miao Y(缪颖).Apreliminary RAPD analysis of the genetic polymorphism s in vegetable crops of Brassica campestris(2n=20).Journal of Shanghai Agricultural College,1999,17(2):85-89.
[6]Wei Yun-liang,Chai You-rong,Li Jia-na,et al. Molecular cloning of Brassica napus TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 gene family encoding potential MYB regulatory proteins of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2007,34(2):105-120.
[7]刘后利.油菜的遗传和育种.上海：上海科技出版社,1985：128-194、420-435.
[8]刘后利.实用油菜栽培学.上海：上海科技出版社,1987：565-568.
[9]官春云.油菜品质改良和分析方法.长沙：湖南科技出版社,1985：194-245.
[10]刘兴媛.我国油菜品种资源的脂肪酸含量.中国油料,1 981,(4)：38-41.
[11]徐义傻等.中国主要油菜品种芥子苷含量分析.中国油料,1982,O)：23-27.
[12]戚存扣.我国油菜品种资源芥酸含量的变异与地理分布状况初析.中国油料,1985,(2)：6-10.
[13]Olsson G,C. Persson. Recurrent selection in white mustard(Sinapis albaL.).in:Svalof 1886-1986 Research and Results in Plant Breeding.1986,53-56.
[14]Goyal R K,Chowdhu J B,Jain R K.Development of fertile Brassica juncea × B.tournefortii hybrids through embryo rescue.Cruciferae Newsl,1997,19:19-20.
[15]鲁坤存,刘淑艳,郭家保,等.芥甘杂交选育甘蓝型黄籽油菜的研究.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32：116-119.
[16]刘忠松,官春云,李枸,等.甘蓝型油菜与芥菜型油菜种间杂交研究.中国油料作物学报,2001,23：82-86.
[17]Olsson G,C. Persson. Recurrent selection in white mustard(Sinapis albaL.).in:Svalof 1886-1986 Research and Results in Plant Breeding.1986,53-56.
[18]刘后利.油菜育种的历史和现状.见：傅廷栋主编.刘后利科学论文选集.北京：北京农业大学出版社,1993,136-146.
[19]Banga S S,Bhaskar P B,Ahuja I. Synthesis of intergeneric hybrids and establishment of genomic affinity between Diplotaxis catholica and crop Brassica species. Theor Appl Genet,2003,106:124-1247.
[20]Cheng B F,Seguin-Swartz G,Somers D J,et al. Low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line revealed to be uullisomic. Genome,2001,4:738-741
[21]Cheng B F,Seguin Swartz G,Somers D J,et al. Meiotic studies on mustard (Brassica juncea) germplasm possessing the fatty acid composition and white rust resistance of B. napus. Cruciferae Newsl,1999,21:45-46.
[22]Jonsson R. Erucic-acid heredity in rapeseed. Hereditas.1977,86:159-170
[23]Raney J P,GFW Rakow. Selection for increased seed mucilage content in yellow mustard. Proc.10th Intern. Ra pe seed Cong.1999,(Disc)
[24]Potts D A,G W Rakow,D R M ales. Canola-quality brassica juncea,a new oilseed crop for the canadian prairies.Proc.10th Intern. Rapeseed Cong.1999,(Disc)
[25]Jambhulkar S J,D C Joshua. Gamma ray induced'00'lines in Brassica napus. Proc. 10th Intern. Rapeseed Cong,1999,(Disc).
[26]Oram R N,P A Salisbury,J T O Kirk,et al. Development of early flowering, canola-grade brassica juncea germplasm. Proc.10th Intern Rapeseed cong.1999,(Disc).
[27]周永明.第九届国际油菜会议品质育种内容简介.见：华中农业大学油菜遗传研究室.油菜研究年报,1995,45-52.
[28]Krzymanski J,Downey R K. Inheritance of fatty acid composition in winter forms of rapeseed,Brassica napus. Can. J. Plant Sci.1969,49:313-319.
[29]McCartney H A,K J Doughty,G Norton,et al. A study of the effect of disease on seed quality parameters of oilseed rape. Proc.10th Intern. Rapeseed Cong.1999,(Disc).
[30]Wallsgrove R,Richard Bennett,Guy Kiddie. Glucosinolate biosynthesis and pest/ disease interactions. Proc.10th Intern. Rape seed Cong.1999,(Disc).
[31]傅廷栋.有关瑞典、英国油菜研究的访问报告.见：华中农业大学油菜遗传研究室.油菜研究年报,1992,43-45.
[32]Mykytyn M S. Demjanchuk G T. Inhibition of myrosinase preparation by an extract from arctostaphylos uvae-ursi,Proc.10th Intern. Ra peseed Cong.1999.(Disc).
[33]Calkin P M,Konovalov N G. About isolation of the large seed mutants of Brassica juncea under the influence of chemical mutagenesis.1999,(3):45-47.
[34]Haque A,Sharma G.Mutant Brassica juncea lines with reduced linolenic acid.J Genet Breed.2002,56:309-316.
[35]刘忠松,官春云.油菜远缘杂交育种的主要障碍及其克服方法[J].作物研究,1995,9(4)：1-7.
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