多段生化法处理煤化工废水的生产性实验研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国煤化工行业的蓬勃发展,废水排放量增大、水质复杂、处理率低等问题也日益明显,水体污染形势严峻。2006年哈尔滨气化厂因排放废水中污染物浓度超标,严重污染松花江水体水质而被环保总局挂牌督办。为使出水水质达到《废水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中一级标准的要求,新建污水处理站采用多段生化法:水解酸化—接触氧化—混凝沉淀—曝气生物滤池处理工艺。清水池出水送到电站冲灰系统,与原有冲灰水混合后冲灰,冲灰水经过灰坝粉煤灰深度处理后排入松花江。
本文概述了煤化工废水的来源、水质特点及国内外对该类废水处理工艺的研究和应用现状;介绍了哈尔滨煤化工有限公司污水处理站的工艺流程、设计参数和构筑物情况;系统地论述了污水处理站所采用各生化工艺的特点。本文通过在现场对整个工艺的的启动,深入研究了多段生化工艺处理煤化工废水的启动特性,重点探讨了启动过程中各工艺主要指示指标的变化情况和原因,以及各工艺单元微生物种群的变化。本文还较为系统的研究了启动完成后稳定运行阶段各工艺单元的运行效果、对各主要污染物质的去除效率和污染物降解过程中存在的规律,还对运行过程中主要影响因素对运行效果的影响进行了分析。此外本文还研究了处理站正常运行和检修或事故时灰坝粉煤灰对废水中污染物的吸附降解情况。
得出主要结论如下:采用水解酸化—接触氧化—混凝沉淀—曝气生物滤池工艺处理煤化工废水经工程实际调试与运行表明,其技术可靠,经济合理。运行结果表明,COD、BOD5、氨氮、总酚的平均去除率分别为95.8%、98.2%、88.4%、97.6%,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级排放标准要求,并且该工艺具有占地面积小、运行稳定、费用低和抗冲击负荷能力强等优点。
本论文的结果对煤化工废水处理的发展和实践起到重要的理论指导作用,对今后的运行和其他相关废水处理工程的设计和调试运行起到很好的示范作用和指导意义。
Over the past years, as the development of coal-chemical engineering industry, the proportion of discharge amount of beer wastewater is becoming larger and larger. The issue of wastewater discharge volume augmenting, complex quality and low treatment efficiency is becoming increasingly obvious and water pollution pricks up. Harbin Gas Plant was listed on supervision by the Environmental Protection Agency in 2006 because the pollutants concentration was much higher than the standard and caused serious contamination of Songhua River. For the sake of making the effluent meets the first discharge standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), the new sewage treatment station adopts the method of multi-stage chemical and biological treatment process: hydrolytic acidification-contact oxidation-coagulation and sedimentation-biological aerated filter treatment process. The rinsing pond effluent is sent to the power station ash washing system, where it is mixed with the former ash washing water. After advanced treatment by fly ash of the ash dam, the effluent is discharged into the Songhua River.
This paper generalizes the sources, characteristics of coal-chemical engineering wastewater, presents research situation in treating such kind of wastewater and introduces the treatment process, design parameter and structures of the wastewater station in Harbin Coal-chemical Engineering Co. Ltd. It also discusses the characteristic of the treatment process. Based on the practical start-up of the system, start-up characteristics of the process treating coal-chemical wastewater are deeply studieded.The variation and reason of the main indicatoion index and the microbial population change in the start-up process are emphasized. This paper systematically investigates disposal effect of each unit, and disposal efficiency、rule of main pollutants degradation under stable operation stage are also analyzed. In addition it also examined the fly ash adsorption and degradation of pollutants in wastewater under the condition of normal operation and maintenance or incidents of the treatment station.
The main conclusions are as follows: Practical operation demonstrates that treatment of coal-chemical engineering wastewater by hydrolytic acidification-contact oxidation-coagulation and sedimentation-biological aerated filter process is technologically reliable and economically reasonable. The debugging and operating practice shows that average removal efficiencies of COD、BOD5、ammonia nitrogen and total phenol are more than 95.8%、98.2%、88.4%、97.6%, the effluent is good enough to meet the first discharge standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978-1996), and the process has advantages as small-land use、steady operation、low expenses and high-level inflexibility.
This paper has significant theoretical guidance function in the development and practice for the coal-chemical engineering wastewater treatment, as well as playing a very good and exemplary role in guiding the future operation and other related treatment projects design and debugging.
本文概述了煤化工废水的来源、水质特点及国内外对该类废水处理工艺的研究和应用现状;介绍了哈尔滨煤化工有限公司污水处理站的工艺流程、设计参数和构筑物情况;系统地论述了污水处理站所采用各生化工艺的特点。本文通过在现场对整个工艺的的启动,深入研究了多段生化工艺处理煤化工废水的启动特性,重点探讨了启动过程中各工艺主要指示指标的变化情况和原因,以及各工艺单元微生物种群的变化。本文还较为系统的研究了启动完成后稳定运行阶段各工艺单元的运行效果、对各主要污染物质的去除效率和污染物降解过程中存在的规律,还对运行过程中主要影响因素对运行效果的影响进行了分析。此外本文还研究了处理站正常运行和检修或事故时灰坝粉煤灰对废水中污染物的吸附降解情况。
得出主要结论如下:采用水解酸化—接触氧化—混凝沉淀—曝气生物滤池工艺处理煤化工废水经工程实际调试与运行表明,其技术可靠,经济合理。运行结果表明,COD、BOD5、氨氮、总酚的平均去除率分别为95.8%、98.2%、88.4%、97.6%,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级排放标准要求,并且该工艺具有占地面积小、运行稳定、费用低和抗冲击负荷能力强等优点。
本论文的结果对煤化工废水处理的发展和实践起到重要的理论指导作用,对今后的运行和其他相关废水处理工程的设计和调试运行起到很好的示范作用和指导意义。
Over the past years, as the development of coal-chemical engineering industry, the proportion of discharge amount of beer wastewater is becoming larger and larger. The issue of wastewater discharge volume augmenting, complex quality and low treatment efficiency is becoming increasingly obvious and water pollution pricks up. Harbin Gas Plant was listed on supervision by the Environmental Protection Agency in 2006 because the pollutants concentration was much higher than the standard and caused serious contamination of Songhua River. For the sake of making the effluent meets the first discharge standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), the new sewage treatment station adopts the method of multi-stage chemical and biological treatment process: hydrolytic acidification-contact oxidation-coagulation and sedimentation-biological aerated filter treatment process. The rinsing pond effluent is sent to the power station ash washing system, where it is mixed with the former ash washing water. After advanced treatment by fly ash of the ash dam, the effluent is discharged into the Songhua River.
This paper generalizes the sources, characteristics of coal-chemical engineering wastewater, presents research situation in treating such kind of wastewater and introduces the treatment process, design parameter and structures of the wastewater station in Harbin Coal-chemical Engineering Co. Ltd. It also discusses the characteristic of the treatment process. Based on the practical start-up of the system, start-up characteristics of the process treating coal-chemical wastewater are deeply studieded.The variation and reason of the main indicatoion index and the microbial population change in the start-up process are emphasized. This paper systematically investigates disposal effect of each unit, and disposal efficiency、rule of main pollutants degradation under stable operation stage are also analyzed. In addition it also examined the fly ash adsorption and degradation of pollutants in wastewater under the condition of normal operation and maintenance or incidents of the treatment station.
The main conclusions are as follows: Practical operation demonstrates that treatment of coal-chemical engineering wastewater by hydrolytic acidification-contact oxidation-coagulation and sedimentation-biological aerated filter process is technologically reliable and economically reasonable. The debugging and operating practice shows that average removal efficiencies of COD、BOD5、ammonia nitrogen and total phenol are more than 95.8%、98.2%、88.4%、97.6%, the effluent is good enough to meet the first discharge standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978-1996), and the process has advantages as small-land use、steady operation、low expenses and high-level inflexibility.
This paper has significant theoretical guidance function in the development and practice for the coal-chemical engineering wastewater treatment, as well as playing a very good and exemplary role in guiding the future operation and other related treatment projects design and debugging.
引文
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