低空空域小飞行目标动态监视方法与实验平台研究
摘要
随着低空空域的逐步开放以及人们低空活动的日益增加,低空空域的交通状况越来越复杂,为了维持低空飞行秩序,保证低空飞行器安全,实施低空空域飞行器的监视,已经成为空管发展的必然趋势。在低空空域的范围内活动的主要是一些民用飞行器,如果监视成本过高,这些民用飞行器可能无法负担,会影响到整个监视系统的推广。而这些民用飞行器有着“低空、慢速、小目标”等特点,因此可以根据民用飞行器的这些特点,利用现有公网GPRS结合嵌入式技术构建一套安全性较好,工作稳定,而且成本较低的低空小目标监视方法与实验平台。
本文研究的实验平台主要由飞行器终端和监控中心两部分构成,在本文中主要研究了飞行器终端的设计以及飞行器终端与监控中心之间的通信。飞行器终端基于32位ARM微处理器S3C44B0X和μC／OS-Ⅱ嵌入式操作系统平台,除去完成数据处理和控制功能之外,还要通过GPRS通信模块MC55完成与监控中心的通信过程。飞行器终端与监控中心之间的通信通过GPRS公网和internet网络采用基于IP的数据传输方式实现。在实验平台的软硬件以及通信网络基础上,本文提出了低空立体围栏机制,并制定了其工作方法以及与之相适应的通信协议。构建了一套利用立体围栏机制实现对低空小目标的监视方法。
本文研究了低空小目标监视方法与实验平台设计、开发过程中所涉及的关键技术并提出了合理的解决方案。论文主要从五个方面展开：首先介绍了平台采集数据所用的GPS技术及应用方案；然后分析设计了满足低空通信需求的系统通信方案,介绍了选择GPRS网络、MC55模块以及AT指令的考虑以及应用；之后设计了适用于低空监视的以S3C44B0X为核心的硬件平台以及各模块；之后阐述了系统软件平台μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统的功能及移植；之后提出了基于上述技术和平台基础上的立体围栏机制、工作方式以及与之适应的通信协议。最后总结了本课题的设计,提出了下一步的工作方向。
With the gradual opening of Low-altitude airspace, more and more activities enter into Low-altitude airspace. The traffic conditions become more complex in Low-altitude airspace. In order to maintain the order in Low-altitude airspace to ensure the safety of aircrafts, it is necessary for monitor aircrafts in Low-altitude airspace. The main aircraft in Low-altitude airspace are civilian aircraft, if the monitoring cost is too high, the civil aircraft may be unable to afford, it will affect the promotion of the whole monitoring system. Considering characteristics of civil aircraft at low, slow, small target, a better security, stable, and cost more low in dynamic monitoring methods and experimental platform is proposed based on GPRS network and embedded technology.
The experimental platform is consisted of terminal in aircraft and monitoring center. This thesis studies the design of terminal in aircraft and the communications between terminal in aircraft and monitoring center. Terminal in aircraft is based on ARM kernel S3C44B0X and embedded operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱ. It can do data processing and controling, besides that it should complete communication with monitoring center by GPRS model MC55. The communication is completed by GPRS and internet based on IP data transmission. In the experimental platform based on hardware and software and telecommunications networks, this paper proposes the concept of Three-dimensional fence, and its working methods and the corresponding communication protocol.
The thesis studies the key problems of technologies involved in the design, development and application of monitoring system, and provides the proper method of solving the problems in the problem. The thesis is mainly composed of five parts:firstly, technology and applications of GPS is introduced; secondly, the reason for the choose of the communication system design and the correlated technologies are briefly presented including GPRS, MC55 and AT command; thirdly, the hardware design based on S3C44B0X and modular design is introduced; fourthly, the function and transplant of software platform embedded operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱis introduced; fifthly, Three-dimensional fence design, working methods and the corresponding communication protocols based on the hardware and software platform is proposed. Finally, the extended function of the system and the further research direction are proposed.
本文研究的实验平台主要由飞行器终端和监控中心两部分构成,在本文中主要研究了飞行器终端的设计以及飞行器终端与监控中心之间的通信。飞行器终端基于32位ARM微处理器S3C44B0X和μC／OS-Ⅱ嵌入式操作系统平台,除去完成数据处理和控制功能之外,还要通过GPRS通信模块MC55完成与监控中心的通信过程。飞行器终端与监控中心之间的通信通过GPRS公网和internet网络采用基于IP的数据传输方式实现。在实验平台的软硬件以及通信网络基础上,本文提出了低空立体围栏机制,并制定了其工作方法以及与之相适应的通信协议。构建了一套利用立体围栏机制实现对低空小目标的监视方法。
本文研究了低空小目标监视方法与实验平台设计、开发过程中所涉及的关键技术并提出了合理的解决方案。论文主要从五个方面展开：首先介绍了平台采集数据所用的GPS技术及应用方案；然后分析设计了满足低空通信需求的系统通信方案,介绍了选择GPRS网络、MC55模块以及AT指令的考虑以及应用；之后设计了适用于低空监视的以S3C44B0X为核心的硬件平台以及各模块；之后阐述了系统软件平台μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统的功能及移植；之后提出了基于上述技术和平台基础上的立体围栏机制、工作方式以及与之适应的通信协议。最后总结了本课题的设计,提出了下一步的工作方向。
With the gradual opening of Low-altitude airspace, more and more activities enter into Low-altitude airspace. The traffic conditions become more complex in Low-altitude airspace. In order to maintain the order in Low-altitude airspace to ensure the safety of aircrafts, it is necessary for monitor aircrafts in Low-altitude airspace. The main aircraft in Low-altitude airspace are civilian aircraft, if the monitoring cost is too high, the civil aircraft may be unable to afford, it will affect the promotion of the whole monitoring system. Considering characteristics of civil aircraft at low, slow, small target, a better security, stable, and cost more low in dynamic monitoring methods and experimental platform is proposed based on GPRS network and embedded technology.
The experimental platform is consisted of terminal in aircraft and monitoring center. This thesis studies the design of terminal in aircraft and the communications between terminal in aircraft and monitoring center. Terminal in aircraft is based on ARM kernel S3C44B0X and embedded operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱ. It can do data processing and controling, besides that it should complete communication with monitoring center by GPRS model MC55. The communication is completed by GPRS and internet based on IP data transmission. In the experimental platform based on hardware and software and telecommunications networks, this paper proposes the concept of Three-dimensional fence, and its working methods and the corresponding communication protocol.
The thesis studies the key problems of technologies involved in the design, development and application of monitoring system, and provides the proper method of solving the problems in the problem. The thesis is mainly composed of five parts:firstly, technology and applications of GPS is introduced; secondly, the reason for the choose of the communication system design and the correlated technologies are briefly presented including GPRS, MC55 and AT command; thirdly, the hardware design based on S3C44B0X and modular design is introduced; fourthly, the function and transplant of software platform embedded operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱis introduced; fifthly, Three-dimensional fence design, working methods and the corresponding communication protocols based on the hardware and software platform is proposed. Finally, the extended function of the system and the further research direction are proposed.
引文
[1]Han Song-chen, Zhang Ming, Huang Wei-fang. Method and computer technique for control sector optimum partition[J]. Journalof Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2003,3(1):101-104. (in Chinese)
[2]潘卫军.空中交通管理基础[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2005.
[3]Bob Pieldea. Avionics full duplex switched Ethemet (AFDX)[M/CD]. SBS Technologies,2006.
[4]Lu G, Lu Y M, DENG TP, et al.. Automatic alignment of optical beam based GPS for free-space laser communication system[J]. SPIE,2004,5160:432-438.
[5]包悦.ADS-B--空管监视技术的发展方向.空中交通管理,2007.6,17-18.
[6]Yilin.Zhao.Vehicle Location and Navigation Systems.London:Artech House, Inc.,1997:48-84.
[7]Zhang Wei, Lu Qingling, wan Lin, Liu Ting. The Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Alarm System. Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2003,Proceedings,2003 IEEE.
[8]W.Y.Ochieng, K Sauer. Urban road transport nacigation:performance of the global positoning system after selective availability. Transportation Research Part C 10(2002):171-187.
[9]Wouter, Peter I.J., Bos, John M.J.. Traffic accident reduction by monitoring driver behaviour with in-car data recorders, Accident Analysis Prevention Volume:32, Issue 5,Sept.2000.
[10]I.A.Getting. The Global Position System. IEEE Spectrum Magazine, 1993(12):36-47.
[11]Jules Mcnef. Leadership in Satellite Navigation and Timing. Past Success-future Challenge, GPS World,Oct./Nov.1999.
[12]J.J.Spilke. GPS Signal Structure and Performance Characteristic, Global Positioning System,Voll,The Institute of Navigation. Washington D.C:1980:29-54.
[13]Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications International>GR47 Design Guidelines[R]. Sony Reicsson Inc,2003.
[14]T.S. Ueng, Z.D. Tsai, J.C. Chang. SMS alert system at NSRRC[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference[C],2007:401-403.
[15]黄宇.GSM网络通信在车载GPS定位管理系统中的应用[J].中国数据通信,2003(11)：30-33.
[16]Ning Tao. Vehicular GPS monitor system based on GPRS network[A]. IEEE 2007 International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications[C],2006:277-280.
[17]A.K.Othman, M.Zakaria, K.Ab. Hamid. TCP performance measurement in different GPRS network scenarios[A]. Proceedings of 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics[C],2007:4603985.
[18]M.Saha. An improved end-to-end secure authentication scheme for CDMA networks[A]. Proceedings of the 4th IASTED Asian Conference on Communication Systems and Networks[C],2007:102-107.
[19]V.Frederik, M.Marc. Sequences for oversaturated CDMA channels[A]. Proceedings of 2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications[C],2008:735-739.
[20]文志成.通用分组无线业务-GPRS[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[21]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南—基于ARM9处理器[M].北京：电子工业出版,2007.
[22]Kemighall Brian,Ritchie Dennis. C程序设计语言(第2版).北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[23]吴志华,申功勋,唐李征,向光现.嵌入式GPS由GPRS接入Internet的实现[J].微计算机信息,2007年第23卷第3.1期,256-258.
[24]何金辉,朱大庆,齐文新.嵌入精简型TCP／IP协议栈的GPRS终端实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2007年第35卷第3期,190-192.
[25]张全,陶维青.基于GPRS无线通信的嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的实现[J].工业控制计算机,2008年21卷第5期,33-34.
[26]裴林民.基于GPRS的数据采集系统的研究和应用[D].贵州：贵州大学,2007。
[27]周杰.基于GPRS监控调度系统安全性实现[D].陕西：西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[28]Behcet Sarikaya, Packet Mode in Wireless Networks. Overview of Transition to Third Generation, IEEE Communications Magazine, Sep.2000.
[29]Wavccom. AT Command Interface Guide, August 9,2002.
[30]MC55 AT Command Set, version 02.06[Z], Siemens, Nov,2004.
[31]AT Command Set Siemens Cellular Engines, Version 03.10[Z], Siemens, Nov, 2002.
[32]MC55 AT Command Set, version 03.03[Z], Siemens, Sep,2005.
[33]Samsung Electronics.S3C44B0X User's Manual.Samsung Electronics 2005.8.
[34]MC55/56 Hardware Interface Description Version 03.03[Z], Siemens, Sep,2005.
[35]XF-S3111-FSD中文语音合成芯片数据手册V1.1.科大讯飞,2005.
[36]中文字库液晶显示模块使用手册YB12864-A.深圳亚斌显示电子有限公司,2007.
[37]SLE 4432/40/41/42 Data Sheet Extension, Siemens.
[38]丁继东.基于S3C44BOX和TL16C554的串口扩展及异步通信接口设计.工业控制计算机,2005,(03).
[39]Texas Instruments,TL16C554 Asynchronous Communications Element, Texas Instruments.
[40]H-JTAG USER MANUAL, WWW.HJTAG.COM,2009.
[41]ARM Developer Suite Compilers and Libraries Guide, ARM DUI 0067D.
[42]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[43]杨静,吴乃陵.嵌入式操作系统应用研究.电子器件,2005,(01).
[44]Labrosse. Embedded Real Time Operation System μC/OS-II (Revised Version), Jean J. translated by Shao Beibei, Beihang University Press,2003:68-95.
[45]戚继忠,王自强.μC／OS-Ⅱ在微处理器S3C44B0X上的移植.微处理机,2005,(04).
[46]任哲,潘树林,房红征.嵌入式操作系统基础μ C／OS-Ⅱ和Linux,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[47]杨洪亮.μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM处理器上的移植,嵌入式应用,2004.9：2-10.
[48]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[49]朱代武,低空空域飞行冲突避让算法,交通运输工程学报,Vol 5,Sept.No.32005：73-76.
[50]S.Michael, U.Tadeusz. Aggregation of systems with HDLC protocol[C]. European Transactions on Telecommunications and Related Technologies, Vol 4, Jan-Feb,1993:107-112.
[51]GT08系列无线智能终端GT08-300B R5A, ERICSSON,2008.
[2]潘卫军.空中交通管理基础[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2005.
[3]Bob Pieldea. Avionics full duplex switched Ethemet (AFDX)[M/CD]. SBS Technologies,2006.
[4]Lu G, Lu Y M, DENG TP, et al.. Automatic alignment of optical beam based GPS for free-space laser communication system[J]. SPIE,2004,5160:432-438.
[5]包悦.ADS-B--空管监视技术的发展方向.空中交通管理,2007.6,17-18.
[6]Yilin.Zhao.Vehicle Location and Navigation Systems.London:Artech House, Inc.,1997:48-84.
[7]Zhang Wei, Lu Qingling, wan Lin, Liu Ting. The Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Alarm System. Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2003,Proceedings,2003 IEEE.
[8]W.Y.Ochieng, K Sauer. Urban road transport nacigation:performance of the global positoning system after selective availability. Transportation Research Part C 10(2002):171-187.
[9]Wouter, Peter I.J., Bos, John M.J.. Traffic accident reduction by monitoring driver behaviour with in-car data recorders, Accident Analysis Prevention Volume:32, Issue 5,Sept.2000.
[10]I.A.Getting. The Global Position System. IEEE Spectrum Magazine, 1993(12):36-47.
[11]Jules Mcnef. Leadership in Satellite Navigation and Timing. Past Success-future Challenge, GPS World,Oct./Nov.1999.
[12]J.J.Spilke. GPS Signal Structure and Performance Characteristic, Global Positioning System,Voll,The Institute of Navigation. Washington D.C:1980:29-54.
[13]Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications International>GR47 Design Guidelines[R]. Sony Reicsson Inc,2003.
[14]T.S. Ueng, Z.D. Tsai, J.C. Chang. SMS alert system at NSRRC[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference[C],2007:401-403.
[15]黄宇.GSM网络通信在车载GPS定位管理系统中的应用[J].中国数据通信,2003(11)：30-33.
[16]Ning Tao. Vehicular GPS monitor system based on GPRS network[A]. IEEE 2007 International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications[C],2006:277-280.
[17]A.K.Othman, M.Zakaria, K.Ab. Hamid. TCP performance measurement in different GPRS network scenarios[A]. Proceedings of 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics[C],2007:4603985.
[18]M.Saha. An improved end-to-end secure authentication scheme for CDMA networks[A]. Proceedings of the 4th IASTED Asian Conference on Communication Systems and Networks[C],2007:102-107.
[19]V.Frederik, M.Marc. Sequences for oversaturated CDMA channels[A]. Proceedings of 2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications[C],2008:735-739.
[20]文志成.通用分组无线业务-GPRS[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[21]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南—基于ARM9处理器[M].北京：电子工业出版,2007.
[22]Kemighall Brian,Ritchie Dennis. C程序设计语言(第2版).北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[23]吴志华,申功勋,唐李征,向光现.嵌入式GPS由GPRS接入Internet的实现[J].微计算机信息,2007年第23卷第3.1期,256-258.
[24]何金辉,朱大庆,齐文新.嵌入精简型TCP／IP协议栈的GPRS终端实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2007年第35卷第3期,190-192.
[25]张全,陶维青.基于GPRS无线通信的嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的实现[J].工业控制计算机,2008年21卷第5期,33-34.
[26]裴林民.基于GPRS的数据采集系统的研究和应用[D].贵州：贵州大学,2007。
[27]周杰.基于GPRS监控调度系统安全性实现[D].陕西：西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[28]Behcet Sarikaya, Packet Mode in Wireless Networks. Overview of Transition to Third Generation, IEEE Communications Magazine, Sep.2000.
[29]Wavccom. AT Command Interface Guide, August 9,2002.
[30]MC55 AT Command Set, version 02.06[Z], Siemens, Nov,2004.
[31]AT Command Set Siemens Cellular Engines, Version 03.10[Z], Siemens, Nov, 2002.
[32]MC55 AT Command Set, version 03.03[Z], Siemens, Sep,2005.
[33]Samsung Electronics.S3C44B0X User's Manual.Samsung Electronics 2005.8.
[34]MC55/56 Hardware Interface Description Version 03.03[Z], Siemens, Sep,2005.
[35]XF-S3111-FSD中文语音合成芯片数据手册V1.1.科大讯飞,2005.
[36]中文字库液晶显示模块使用手册YB12864-A.深圳亚斌显示电子有限公司,2007.
[37]SLE 4432/40/41/42 Data Sheet Extension, Siemens.
[38]丁继东.基于S3C44BOX和TL16C554的串口扩展及异步通信接口设计.工业控制计算机,2005,(03).
[39]Texas Instruments,TL16C554 Asynchronous Communications Element, Texas Instruments.
[40]H-JTAG USER MANUAL, WWW.HJTAG.COM,2009.
[41]ARM Developer Suite Compilers and Libraries Guide, ARM DUI 0067D.
[42]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[43]杨静,吴乃陵.嵌入式操作系统应用研究.电子器件,2005,(01).
[44]Labrosse. Embedded Real Time Operation System μC/OS-II (Revised Version), Jean J. translated by Shao Beibei, Beihang University Press,2003:68-95.
[45]戚继忠,王自强.μC／OS-Ⅱ在微处理器S3C44B0X上的移植.微处理机,2005,(04).
[46]任哲,潘树林,房红征.嵌入式操作系统基础μ C／OS-Ⅱ和Linux,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[47]杨洪亮.μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM处理器上的移植,嵌入式应用,2004.9：2-10.
[48]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[49]朱代武,低空空域飞行冲突避让算法,交通运输工程学报,Vol 5,Sept.No.32005：73-76.
[50]S.Michael, U.Tadeusz. Aggregation of systems with HDLC protocol[C]. European Transactions on Telecommunications and Related Technologies, Vol 4, Jan-Feb,1993:107-112.
[51]GT08系列无线智能终端GT08-300B R5A, ERICSSON,2008.