青藏高原鸡皮衣科地衣研究
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摘要
鸡皮衣科(Pertusariaceae)隶属于真菌界(Fungi),子囊菌门(Ascomycota),茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes),厚顶盘亚纲(Ostropomycetidae),鸡皮衣目(Pertusariales)。鸡皮衣科地衣包括2个属,即:Loxosporopsis和鸡皮衣属(Pertusaria)。
本论文对馆藏于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS-L)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)及山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)的700余份青藏高原地区的鸡皮衣科地衣标本,从形态学、解剖学、化学、植物地理学等方面进行了综合研究。根据形态-化学-地理相结合的地衣物种概念,对该地区的鸡皮衣属地衣标本进行了分类和鉴定,报道了青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣共1属32个分类单位,其中发现并描述新分类单位5个,即新种4个: P. parapycnothelia (类乳头鸡皮衣)、P. paraqilianensis (类祁连鸡皮衣)、P. qilianensis (祁连鸡皮衣)和P. tibetensis (西藏鸡皮衣);新变种1个:P. qilianensis var. beishana (祁连鸡皮衣北山变种);报道中国新记录种4个,即: P. colorata (色斑鸡皮衣)、P. copiosa (多疣鸡皮衣)、P. gibberosa (瘤结鸡皮衣)和P. leucosora (白粉芽鸡皮衣)。
对前人关于青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣的研究和报道进行了订正性研究。通过订正研究发现,前人报道在青藏高原地区有分布的P. alpina (Zhao Z. T. et al. 2004)及P. brachyspora (Yang F. et al. 2008)为错误鉴定,本论文将上述两个种剔除出青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣区系,并将其分别订正为P. gibberosa及P. sphaerophora。
首次对青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣的地理成分进行了初步的分析,将其划分为7个地理成分,即:世界广布成分6.25%;环北极成分31.25%;东亚-北美间断分布9.375%;东亚-大洋洲间断分布9.375%;东亚成分21.875%;喜马拉雅成分6.25%;特有成分15.625%。分析表明青藏高原地区的鸡皮衣科地衣区系具有如下特点:1)区系成分以环北极成分和东亚成分为主;2)区系具有明显的温带性质;3)特有种十分丰富,特有现象非常明显。
首次系统报道了青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣的种类组成及其分布,对本文收录的32个分类单位从形态、解剖、化学、生境和地理分布等方面进行了详细描述,对每个分类单位与其近似种进行了讨论,并提供了分种检索表。
利用显色反应法(CT)、薄层层析法(TLC)、微量结晶检验法(MCT)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)共测定出青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣所含的地衣次生代谢产物20种。
本研究丰富了中国鸡皮衣科地衣的分布资料,对所报道的所有32个分类单位均提供了地衣体的外部形态图及在青藏高原地区的分布图,为中国地衣志的编写提供了基础资料。
Pertusariaceae is classified into Pertusariales under Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi. It comprises two genera: Loxosporopsis Henssen and Pertusaria DC.
The study is based on the specimens deposited in Lichen section of Herbarium of Mycology, Academia Sinica (HMAS-L), Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (HKAS) and Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University (SDNU). More than 700 specimens are comprehensive studied with multiple methods involve morphology, anatomy, chemistry, geography. On the basis of the identification results of all specimens examined, 32 taxa, belonging to 30 species of Pertusaria from Qinghai-Tibet plateau are reported in the present thesis, of which 4 species and 1 variation are new to science and 4 species new to China. New to science: P. parapycnothelia, P. paraqilianensis, P. qilianensis, P. tibetensis and P. qilianensis var. beishana; new to China: P. colorata, P. copiosa, P. gibberosa and P. leucosora.
A taxonomic revision of some taxa of the family Pertusariaceae from Qinghai-Tibet plateau was made. Two taxa, P. alpine and P. brachyspora have been attested to be misidentified and are excluded from the lichen flora of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
The geographical analysis of all 32 taxa reported from Qinghai-Tibet plateau showed that the following seven elements can be divided: Cosmopolitan element (6.25%), Circumpolar element (31.25%), East Asian-North American disjunctive element (9.375%), East Asian-Oceanian disjunctive element (9.375%), East Asian element (21.875%), Himalayan element (6.25%) and element endemic to Qinghai-Tibet plateau (15.625%). The result of the analysis showed that the dominant flora elements are Circumpolar element and East Asian element, the nature of the community flora is the obviously temperate zone, the flora is rich in endemic species and the endemism within the flora is notable.
Species composition and local distribution of the lichen flora of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are reported for the first time. Each taxon of all 32 taxa presented in this thesis is described in detail and the related species are discussed. And keys to genera of the family and to species of Pertusaria from Qinghai-Tibet plateau are given.
20 secondary metabolites are detected using color reaction test (CT), Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC). Microcrystal Test (MCT) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
The morphological photos of the thalli and the distribution maps of all 32 taxa presented in this thesis are provided. The study enriched the distribution date of the the lichen family Pertusariaceae of China and also provided basic data for Flora Lichens Sinicarum.
本论文对馆藏于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS-L)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)及山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)的700余份青藏高原地区的鸡皮衣科地衣标本,从形态学、解剖学、化学、植物地理学等方面进行了综合研究。根据形态-化学-地理相结合的地衣物种概念,对该地区的鸡皮衣属地衣标本进行了分类和鉴定,报道了青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣共1属32个分类单位,其中发现并描述新分类单位5个,即新种4个: P. parapycnothelia (类乳头鸡皮衣)、P. paraqilianensis (类祁连鸡皮衣)、P. qilianensis (祁连鸡皮衣)和P. tibetensis (西藏鸡皮衣);新变种1个:P. qilianensis var. beishana (祁连鸡皮衣北山变种);报道中国新记录种4个,即: P. colorata (色斑鸡皮衣)、P. copiosa (多疣鸡皮衣)、P. gibberosa (瘤结鸡皮衣)和P. leucosora (白粉芽鸡皮衣)。
对前人关于青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣的研究和报道进行了订正性研究。通过订正研究发现,前人报道在青藏高原地区有分布的P. alpina (Zhao Z. T. et al. 2004)及P. brachyspora (Yang F. et al. 2008)为错误鉴定,本论文将上述两个种剔除出青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣区系,并将其分别订正为P. gibberosa及P. sphaerophora。
首次对青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣的地理成分进行了初步的分析,将其划分为7个地理成分,即:世界广布成分6.25%;环北极成分31.25%;东亚-北美间断分布9.375%;东亚-大洋洲间断分布9.375%;东亚成分21.875%;喜马拉雅成分6.25%;特有成分15.625%。分析表明青藏高原地区的鸡皮衣科地衣区系具有如下特点:1)区系成分以环北极成分和东亚成分为主;2)区系具有明显的温带性质;3)特有种十分丰富,特有现象非常明显。
首次系统报道了青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣的种类组成及其分布,对本文收录的32个分类单位从形态、解剖、化学、生境和地理分布等方面进行了详细描述,对每个分类单位与其近似种进行了讨论,并提供了分种检索表。
利用显色反应法(CT)、薄层层析法(TLC)、微量结晶检验法(MCT)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)共测定出青藏高原地区鸡皮衣科地衣所含的地衣次生代谢产物20种。
本研究丰富了中国鸡皮衣科地衣的分布资料,对所报道的所有32个分类单位均提供了地衣体的外部形态图及在青藏高原地区的分布图,为中国地衣志的编写提供了基础资料。
Pertusariaceae is classified into Pertusariales under Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi. It comprises two genera: Loxosporopsis Henssen and Pertusaria DC.
The study is based on the specimens deposited in Lichen section of Herbarium of Mycology, Academia Sinica (HMAS-L), Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (HKAS) and Lichen Section of Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University (SDNU). More than 700 specimens are comprehensive studied with multiple methods involve morphology, anatomy, chemistry, geography. On the basis of the identification results of all specimens examined, 32 taxa, belonging to 30 species of Pertusaria from Qinghai-Tibet plateau are reported in the present thesis, of which 4 species and 1 variation are new to science and 4 species new to China. New to science: P. parapycnothelia, P. paraqilianensis, P. qilianensis, P. tibetensis and P. qilianensis var. beishana; new to China: P. colorata, P. copiosa, P. gibberosa and P. leucosora.
A taxonomic revision of some taxa of the family Pertusariaceae from Qinghai-Tibet plateau was made. Two taxa, P. alpine and P. brachyspora have been attested to be misidentified and are excluded from the lichen flora of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
The geographical analysis of all 32 taxa reported from Qinghai-Tibet plateau showed that the following seven elements can be divided: Cosmopolitan element (6.25%), Circumpolar element (31.25%), East Asian-North American disjunctive element (9.375%), East Asian-Oceanian disjunctive element (9.375%), East Asian element (21.875%), Himalayan element (6.25%) and element endemic to Qinghai-Tibet plateau (15.625%). The result of the analysis showed that the dominant flora elements are Circumpolar element and East Asian element, the nature of the community flora is the obviously temperate zone, the flora is rich in endemic species and the endemism within the flora is notable.
Species composition and local distribution of the lichen flora of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are reported for the first time. Each taxon of all 32 taxa presented in this thesis is described in detail and the related species are discussed. And keys to genera of the family and to species of Pertusaria from Qinghai-Tibet plateau are given.
20 secondary metabolites are detected using color reaction test (CT), Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC). Microcrystal Test (MCT) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
The morphological photos of the thalli and the distribution maps of all 32 taxa presented in this thesis are provided. The study enriched the distribution date of the the lichen family Pertusariaceae of China and also provided basic data for Flora Lichens Sinicarum.
引文
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