摘要
机电产业在中国与东盟五国制造业中具有重要的战略地位,机电产品是中国与东盟五国的第一大项贸易商品。本文从产业内贸易的视角研究中国与东盟五国机电产业的区域分工问题,对深化中国与东盟五国机电产业的区域国际分工,促进中国与东盟全面经济合作具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
本文采取了定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,在充分掌握产业内贸易理论及相关研究文献的基础上,利用详实权威的数据资料,系统研究了中国与东盟机电产品产业内的现状、特点、趋势和决定因素,并提出促进中国与东盟机电产品产业内贸易发展的建议。
本文的主要研究结论是:1998年以来,中国与东盟国家机电产品产业内贸易值和产业内贸易比重均显著上升,但产业内贸易商品结构和产业内贸易地理方向严重失衡,产业内贸易商品低质化,区域分工的“零部件专业化”、“生产工序专业化”和“跨国公司主导”特征明显。从理论上讲,规模经济、差异化产品、要素禀赋、市场结构、外商直接投资和中国-东盟自由贸易区是中国与东盟机电产品产业内贸易的主要决定因素。实证分析的结果表明:外商直接投资差额对中国与东盟机电产品产业内的影响与理论预期一致,而市场规模、市场规模差异以及人均固定资本差异对中国与东盟机电产品产业内贸易的影响与理论预期相反。加强中国与东盟机电产品产业内贸易研究,优化中国与东盟机电产品产业内贸易的形式、微观主体、商品结构、机制和政策是推动中国和东盟机电产品产业内贸易发展的确实需要。?
In ASEAN and China, the mechanical and electrical industry, which has the greatest trade volume of all the industries, plays an important and strategic part in the manufactured industry. From the angle of intra-industry trade (IIT), research on issues of international division of mechanical and electrical product between ASEAN and China has the theoretical and practical meaning to deepen the international division in the trade zone and promote the bilateral and comprehensive cooperation.
With the joint methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, normative and empirical analysis, the paper, using the concrete and authoritative statistics, makes a systematic research on the situation, peculiarities, tendency and determinants of the IIT of mechanical and electrical product between ASEAN and China based on the thorough mastery of intra-industry theory and related documents.
The main concludes of this paper are as follows. Since 1998, the IIT value and the IIT index of the mechanical and electrical industry between ASEAN and China have gone up notably. However, the problems of commodity structure derangement and geographic direction imbalance have unveiled. The aspects of low quality of commodity, the specialization of components and product procedure in the trade area and the multinational corporation oriented have been highlighted. Theoretically, scale economy, differential products, factor endowment, market structure, foreign direct investment (FDI) and CAFTA are the determinants of the IIT of mechanical and electrical industry between ASEAN and China. And the results of empirical analysis show that the discrepancy of FDI is in the accordance with the theoretical expectation. On the opposite, the market scale, the discrepancy of market scale and the discrepancy of per capital fixed capital formation are disagreement with the theoretical expectation. Therefore, to promote the development of IIT of mechanical and electrical industry between ASEAN and China, that is the firm need to strengthen the research on the IIT of mechanical and electrical industry between ASEAN and China and optimize the form, micro subject, commodity structure, system and policy.
引文
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①参阅李俊.产业内贸易理论、政策与实践[M].广州:产业内贸易理论、政策与实践.2002.
①资料来源:Production Fragmentation and Trade Integration: East Asia in a Global Context. Prema-chandra Athukorala, published by Nobuaki Yamashita, Division of Economics Research School of Pacific and Asia Studies, The Austrilian National University.
①http://www.dh.gov.cn/bofcom/432925011150372864/20100305/254288.html