硼肥包膜对豇豆幼苗生理生化特性影响的研究
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摘要
本实验以“长白王”秋豇豆和“绿豇一号”豇豆两个品种为试验材料,分别测定了两豇豆品种在8个不同硼素浓度包膜处理下(处理1:含硼0 mg/kg豆种,处理2:含硼0.25 mg/kg豆种,处理3:含硼0.5 mg/kg豆种,处理4:含硼1.0 mg/kg豆种,处理5:含硼2.0 mg/kg豆种,处理6:含硼4.0 mg/kg豆种,处理7:含硼8.0 mg/kg豆种,处理8:不包膜)豇豆种子的发芽、幼苗生长及叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量等生理生化指标。较系统地研究了各处理对豇豆幼苗生长发育的影响。试验结果如下:
不同硼素浓度包膜处理对两个豇豆品种种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数与CK相比没有显著的差异,但相对高浓度硼素处理(处理6、处理7)下的豇豆发芽势和发芽率均比低浓度硼素包膜(处理2、3、4、5)低。处理2、处理3、处理4能显著提高两豇豆品种种子的活力指数;两个豇豆品种种子的处理6和处理7的平均发芽天数显著长于其它处理,其他处理之间无显著差异,但处理7的显著水平明显超出其他处理。由此,豇豆种子在较高硼素浓度包膜处理下(处理6、处理7)对于种子的发芽势、发芽率、平均发芽天数等方面对于生产均有不利的影响。在豇豆育苗试验中,豇豆种子的出苗率经种衣剂包膜处理后与对照相比,出苗率均有明显的提高,且两品种的处理2、3、4达到了极显著的水平,这个结论也与前人研究结果一致。
在本试验中研究发现豇豆种子包膜处理后,对豇豆幼苗株高、幼苗叶片的最大叶长和最大叶宽,幼苗主根长和根系活力、幼苗地上部分鲜重和地上部分鲜重的增长值均有提高(处理1与CK之间有显著差异),而且随着包膜浓度的在适宜范围内的增加而显著提高,亦即:处理2、处理3、处理4与其他处理之间有显著的差异,但在相对较高浓度时与幼苗质量呈负相关,结果表明,适宜浓度的硼素浓度包膜处理对不同豇豆品种的各部位的生长影响是一致的,能促进豇豆幼苗地上部分的生长,提高幼苗干物质的积累。
在不同硼素浓度包膜处理的条件下,“长白王”秋豇豆的各个包膜处理和CK的变化曲线大致呈波浪状起伏并在处理3达到峰值,处理2和处理4的叶绿素含量近等。CK、处理1、处理5、处理6、处理7,即缺硼或高硼浓度包膜处理下,叶绿素含量低。“绿豇一号”豇豆幼苗在处理5开始,随着硼素浓度的提高,叶绿素含量降低,处理7的叶片,叶尖有轻微的坏死、颜色变褐、叶缘向下弯曲等症状,这说明叶片在高浓度的硼素影响下,对植株叶片产生了毒害作用进而影响了叶绿素的合成。同时,两品种在处理2、处理3、处理4的幼苗的可溶性糖的含量三次重复的平均值均比其他处理和CK高。包膜处理1与CK的差异极显著;处理5和处理6之间没有差异,但与处理7相比较已达到显著水平。另外,两豇豆品种经过不同浓度包膜处理后可溶性蛋白质含量的变化分布趋势相似:处理3对促进幼苗中可溶性蛋白质含量的增加明显,处理2、处理4次之且比CK高;而高硼素浓度下较CK所测值降低,说明毒害作用明显。不同浓度包膜处理对两豇豆品种的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量与叶绿素含量效果一致。本试验结果还表明,两豇豆品种在高浓度硼素包膜处理下处理5、处理6、处理7的脯氨酸含量较相对于低浓度包膜处理的处理2、处理3、处理4高得多。同时,除处理5、6、7以外的处理的脯氨酸的含量均比CK低,并且各处理间的差异性达到了显著水平。这说明本实验所设的高浓度硼素包膜处理已使豇豆处于毒害和严重胁迫状态。其中以硼素包膜浓度为处理2到处理4(含硼0.25 mg/kg豆种～含硼1.0 mg/kg豆种)的脯氨酸含量最低。说明在该浓度段对提高豇豆的抗逆性最有利。
本实验系统地研究了不同硼素浓度包膜处理对豇豆幼苗的POD、SOD、CAT活性、MDA含量的影响。综合结果表明,两品种豇豆在处理2、处理3、处理4的条件下,POD、SOD、CAT活性高,MDA含量低,也就是说,适宜的硼素营养浓度(含硼0.25 mg/kg豆种～含硼1.0 mg/kg豆种)包膜处理能显著增强酶活性、提高清除自由基及过氧化物的能力、降低膜脂过氧化物作用。
In this experiment,two cultivars of cowpea("Changbaiwang" Autumn cowpea and "Lvjiangyihao" cowpea) which were filmed coating by eight different concentrations of boron has been used as experimental materials multinomial physiological and biochemical indexs relating to cowpea were determined separately under 8 different treatments of boron,including cowpea seed germination,seedling growth,the content of chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar.Praline.activities of SOD.POD.CAT. MDA,Thus systematic studied the effects of the cowpea seedlings growth and development under 8 different treatments of boron.The results achieved were as follow:
Two varieties of cowpea seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index have no significant differences under different concentrations of boron coated handle compared with that of CK, however,the potential of germinations and germination percentage of cowpea seed under the relatively high concentrations of boron(treatment 6.7) were lower than those in low concentrations of boron (treatment 2.3.4.5).At the same time,The methods of treatment 2.3.4 can significantly enhance the two varieties of cowpea seed vigor index;The average germination days of two varieties of cowpea seed in the methods of treatment 6.7 was significantly longer than other treatments that have no significant difference among,;Yet,in the condition of treatment7,the significant levels was in excess of other treatments. Therefore,the germination energy,germination rate and the average germination days of cowpea seeds under the condition of higher concentration of boron-coated(treatment6.7) had adverse effects on production.In nursery tests,cowpea seed of film coating's germination rate had increased significantly than CK,and the treatment2.3.4 of two varieties have reached significant levels,this conclusion was also consistent with the results of previous studies.
The study had found that cowpea seed-coated can significantly enhance the two varieties of cowpea seeding height,seedling leaves of the largest leaf length and maximum leaf width,seedling root length and root vigour,the aerial part of seedling fresh weight and underground part of seedling fresh weight(there had have significant difference between treatmentl and CK),the discrepancy was significantly boosted,with the concentration increased in the appropriate scope,in other word,there had significant difference between gtreatment2.3.4 and other treatments,but those indexes with the relatively high concentrations of boron were in a negative correlation with the seedlings quality.The results showed that the effect of cowpea seed film coating under suitable conentration of boron on each part of the growth is the same no matter which varieties.It could promote the aerial part of cowpea seedling growth and improve the dry matter accumulation of seedlings.
In the condition of cowpea seed film coating under different conentration of boron,the chlorophyll content of "Changbaiwang" autumn cowpea in each treatment and CK changes liked wave ups and downs and reached its peak in treatment3,and the chlorophyll average content of treatment3 was equal to that of treatment4.Both in the situation of deficiency or high concentrations of boron-coated handle,the chlorophyll content is relative low.At the beginning of treatment5,"Lvjiangyihao" cowpea seedlings,with the increased in boron concentration,chlorophyll content was reduced.Meanwhile,the seeding leaves of treatment7 had have pathologic scathing phenomena,such as a slight tip necrosis,turned brown,leaf margin bended and some the other symptoms.It was accounted for that the effects of the Cowpea Seed Film Coating under relatively high Conentration of Boron had have brought contaminate process ande would blocked the synthesis of chlorophyll.At the same time,the soluble sugar average content of two varieties cowpea seedings in the condition of treatment2.3.4 more than other treatments and CK.There had have significant difference between treatmentl and CK and have no difference in treatment5 and treatment6,but compared with the treatment7 had reached a significant level.In addition,the soluble protein content of the two varieties cowpea with different concentrations film coated were resemble to the distribution of tendency.The methods of treatment3 can significantly increased the soluble protein content of cowpea seeding;treatment2 and treatment4 took the second place which accounted for that relatively high Conentration of Boron was poisonous for seedings obviously.The effect on two varieties of cowpea seed's the content of chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar were identical.The study had also found that the proline content of two varieties cowpea seedings under relatively high concentrations of boron coated handle far more than that of under the relatively low concentrations of boron coated handle. Meanwhile,the proline content under the method of all treatments(except treatment5.6.7) were low than that of CK,and the discrepancy between each treatment reached a significant level.This shows that the experimental set up high concentrations of boron-coated compelled the cowpea seeding in the state of poisoning and severe stress.When the cowpea seed film coating under suitable conentration of Boron (B-containing 0.25mg～1.0mg per cowpea seed kg),the content of praline was the lowest,which was the best state for boost the ability to resist adversity.
In this experiment,systematically studied on the cowpea seed film coating under different conentration of Boron.Consolidated results showed that the SOD.POD.CAT activities of two varieties of cowpea seedings were improved,but the content of MDA was in decline in the condition of treatment 2.3.4.In other word,cowpea seed film coating under appropriate conentration of Boron(B-containing 0.25mg～1.0mg per cowpea seed kg)could significantly enhance the enzyme activity,scavenging free radicals and peroxides to improve the capacity and reduce the role of lipid peroxides.
不同硼素浓度包膜处理对两个豇豆品种种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数与CK相比没有显著的差异,但相对高浓度硼素处理(处理6、处理7)下的豇豆发芽势和发芽率均比低浓度硼素包膜(处理2、3、4、5)低。处理2、处理3、处理4能显著提高两豇豆品种种子的活力指数;两个豇豆品种种子的处理6和处理7的平均发芽天数显著长于其它处理,其他处理之间无显著差异,但处理7的显著水平明显超出其他处理。由此,豇豆种子在较高硼素浓度包膜处理下(处理6、处理7)对于种子的发芽势、发芽率、平均发芽天数等方面对于生产均有不利的影响。在豇豆育苗试验中,豇豆种子的出苗率经种衣剂包膜处理后与对照相比,出苗率均有明显的提高,且两品种的处理2、3、4达到了极显著的水平,这个结论也与前人研究结果一致。
在本试验中研究发现豇豆种子包膜处理后,对豇豆幼苗株高、幼苗叶片的最大叶长和最大叶宽,幼苗主根长和根系活力、幼苗地上部分鲜重和地上部分鲜重的增长值均有提高(处理1与CK之间有显著差异),而且随着包膜浓度的在适宜范围内的增加而显著提高,亦即:处理2、处理3、处理4与其他处理之间有显著的差异,但在相对较高浓度时与幼苗质量呈负相关,结果表明,适宜浓度的硼素浓度包膜处理对不同豇豆品种的各部位的生长影响是一致的,能促进豇豆幼苗地上部分的生长,提高幼苗干物质的积累。
在不同硼素浓度包膜处理的条件下,“长白王”秋豇豆的各个包膜处理和CK的变化曲线大致呈波浪状起伏并在处理3达到峰值,处理2和处理4的叶绿素含量近等。CK、处理1、处理5、处理6、处理7,即缺硼或高硼浓度包膜处理下,叶绿素含量低。“绿豇一号”豇豆幼苗在处理5开始,随着硼素浓度的提高,叶绿素含量降低,处理7的叶片,叶尖有轻微的坏死、颜色变褐、叶缘向下弯曲等症状,这说明叶片在高浓度的硼素影响下,对植株叶片产生了毒害作用进而影响了叶绿素的合成。同时,两品种在处理2、处理3、处理4的幼苗的可溶性糖的含量三次重复的平均值均比其他处理和CK高。包膜处理1与CK的差异极显著;处理5和处理6之间没有差异,但与处理7相比较已达到显著水平。另外,两豇豆品种经过不同浓度包膜处理后可溶性蛋白质含量的变化分布趋势相似:处理3对促进幼苗中可溶性蛋白质含量的增加明显,处理2、处理4次之且比CK高;而高硼素浓度下较CK所测值降低,说明毒害作用明显。不同浓度包膜处理对两豇豆品种的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量与叶绿素含量效果一致。本试验结果还表明,两豇豆品种在高浓度硼素包膜处理下处理5、处理6、处理7的脯氨酸含量较相对于低浓度包膜处理的处理2、处理3、处理4高得多。同时,除处理5、6、7以外的处理的脯氨酸的含量均比CK低,并且各处理间的差异性达到了显著水平。这说明本实验所设的高浓度硼素包膜处理已使豇豆处于毒害和严重胁迫状态。其中以硼素包膜浓度为处理2到处理4(含硼0.25 mg/kg豆种～含硼1.0 mg/kg豆种)的脯氨酸含量最低。说明在该浓度段对提高豇豆的抗逆性最有利。
本实验系统地研究了不同硼素浓度包膜处理对豇豆幼苗的POD、SOD、CAT活性、MDA含量的影响。综合结果表明,两品种豇豆在处理2、处理3、处理4的条件下,POD、SOD、CAT活性高,MDA含量低,也就是说,适宜的硼素营养浓度(含硼0.25 mg/kg豆种～含硼1.0 mg/kg豆种)包膜处理能显著增强酶活性、提高清除自由基及过氧化物的能力、降低膜脂过氧化物作用。
In this experiment,two cultivars of cowpea("Changbaiwang" Autumn cowpea and "Lvjiangyihao" cowpea) which were filmed coating by eight different concentrations of boron has been used as experimental materials multinomial physiological and biochemical indexs relating to cowpea were determined separately under 8 different treatments of boron,including cowpea seed germination,seedling growth,the content of chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar.Praline.activities of SOD.POD.CAT. MDA,Thus systematic studied the effects of the cowpea seedlings growth and development under 8 different treatments of boron.The results achieved were as follow:
Two varieties of cowpea seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index have no significant differences under different concentrations of boron coated handle compared with that of CK, however,the potential of germinations and germination percentage of cowpea seed under the relatively high concentrations of boron(treatment 6.7) were lower than those in low concentrations of boron (treatment 2.3.4.5).At the same time,The methods of treatment 2.3.4 can significantly enhance the two varieties of cowpea seed vigor index;The average germination days of two varieties of cowpea seed in the methods of treatment 6.7 was significantly longer than other treatments that have no significant difference among,;Yet,in the condition of treatment7,the significant levels was in excess of other treatments. Therefore,the germination energy,germination rate and the average germination days of cowpea seeds under the condition of higher concentration of boron-coated(treatment6.7) had adverse effects on production.In nursery tests,cowpea seed of film coating's germination rate had increased significantly than CK,and the treatment2.3.4 of two varieties have reached significant levels,this conclusion was also consistent with the results of previous studies.
The study had found that cowpea seed-coated can significantly enhance the two varieties of cowpea seeding height,seedling leaves of the largest leaf length and maximum leaf width,seedling root length and root vigour,the aerial part of seedling fresh weight and underground part of seedling fresh weight(there had have significant difference between treatmentl and CK),the discrepancy was significantly boosted,with the concentration increased in the appropriate scope,in other word,there had significant difference between gtreatment2.3.4 and other treatments,but those indexes with the relatively high concentrations of boron were in a negative correlation with the seedlings quality.The results showed that the effect of cowpea seed film coating under suitable conentration of boron on each part of the growth is the same no matter which varieties.It could promote the aerial part of cowpea seedling growth and improve the dry matter accumulation of seedlings.
In the condition of cowpea seed film coating under different conentration of boron,the chlorophyll content of "Changbaiwang" autumn cowpea in each treatment and CK changes liked wave ups and downs and reached its peak in treatment3,and the chlorophyll average content of treatment3 was equal to that of treatment4.Both in the situation of deficiency or high concentrations of boron-coated handle,the chlorophyll content is relative low.At the beginning of treatment5,"Lvjiangyihao" cowpea seedlings,with the increased in boron concentration,chlorophyll content was reduced.Meanwhile,the seeding leaves of treatment7 had have pathologic scathing phenomena,such as a slight tip necrosis,turned brown,leaf margin bended and some the other symptoms.It was accounted for that the effects of the Cowpea Seed Film Coating under relatively high Conentration of Boron had have brought contaminate process ande would blocked the synthesis of chlorophyll.At the same time,the soluble sugar average content of two varieties cowpea seedings in the condition of treatment2.3.4 more than other treatments and CK.There had have significant difference between treatmentl and CK and have no difference in treatment5 and treatment6,but compared with the treatment7 had reached a significant level.In addition,the soluble protein content of the two varieties cowpea with different concentrations film coated were resemble to the distribution of tendency.The methods of treatment3 can significantly increased the soluble protein content of cowpea seeding;treatment2 and treatment4 took the second place which accounted for that relatively high Conentration of Boron was poisonous for seedings obviously.The effect on two varieties of cowpea seed's the content of chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar were identical.The study had also found that the proline content of two varieties cowpea seedings under relatively high concentrations of boron coated handle far more than that of under the relatively low concentrations of boron coated handle. Meanwhile,the proline content under the method of all treatments(except treatment5.6.7) were low than that of CK,and the discrepancy between each treatment reached a significant level.This shows that the experimental set up high concentrations of boron-coated compelled the cowpea seeding in the state of poisoning and severe stress.When the cowpea seed film coating under suitable conentration of Boron (B-containing 0.25mg～1.0mg per cowpea seed kg),the content of praline was the lowest,which was the best state for boost the ability to resist adversity.
In this experiment,systematically studied on the cowpea seed film coating under different conentration of Boron.Consolidated results showed that the SOD.POD.CAT activities of two varieties of cowpea seedings were improved,but the content of MDA was in decline in the condition of treatment 2.3.4.In other word,cowpea seed film coating under appropriate conentration of Boron(B-containing 0.25mg～1.0mg per cowpea seed kg)could significantly enhance the enzyme activity,scavenging free radicals and peroxides to improve the capacity and reduce the role of lipid peroxides.
引文
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