机车振动作用下黄土滑坡滑带土的动力特性及其稳定性研究
|
摘要
近年来,随着高速铁路的大量兴建,列车运行速度的提高和牵引重量的增加将不可避免地增大列车振动强度,列车运行对边坡的变形稳定性所产生的振动影响越来越受到工程地质界的关注。本文以铁路沿线黄土滑坡及其滑带土为研究对象,通过现场勘察、室内试验、力学分析、理论研究和数值计算相结合的方法,对高速列车振动荷载作用下黄土滑坡滑带土的动力特性及其边坡的变形稳定性进行了较为深入系统的研究,并取得了一些较有价值的研究成果,主要包括:
(1)对机车振动作用下黄土滑坡的形成条件和特征进行了深入剖析,认为机车振动也是促发黄土滑坡的一个主要因素;并对黄土滑坡滑带土的特征进行了简单总结,为滑带土室内试验奠定了理论基础。
(2)选择典型地段,采集大量滑带土样品,在动三轴上通过对试样施加不同围压和不同动应力,研究其在模拟机车振动荷载作用下土的动强度及动变形的变化规律。结果表明,滑带黄土在一定的动应力条件下,其动强度和累积残余应变随着振次、固结应力的变化,呈现一定的规律性变化。
(3)利用本次试验数据,将BP神经网络的方法和多元线形回归的方法应用于滑带黄土振陷系数的预测中,并将结果进行了比较,结果表明,BP神经网络的方法在预测振陷系数上优于多元线形回归法。
(4)利用数值模拟软件FLAC对高速列车振动荷载作用下黄土边坡的变形稳定性进行了分析。结果表明列车运行速度对黄土边坡的扰动程度及边坡稳定性系数的影响呈一定的规律性变化。为高速铁路黄土边坡的设计和加固提供了理论依据。
(5)对黄土滑坡机理进行了研究,提出列车在小振幅、长持时振动荷载作用下黄土滑坡的形成机理;并分别从力学和熵的角度对于提出的机理进行了分析。
In recent years, with the development of railway modernization, raising train-running speed and increasing train-hauling load will necessarily increase train vibration force, the vibratory effect of train-running on stability of loess landslides has become a hot issue among Geotechnical engineering insiders. In the thesis, taking the loess landslides and slide-zone soil along the railway as researched subject and combining with geo-technical investigation, laboratory tests, mechanical analysis, theoretical study, numerical calculation, the dynamic characteristics of slide-zone soil and stability of loess landslides under high-speed train vibration load is studied deeply. The main research results of dissertation can be summarized as follows:
(1) The cause of formation and characteristics of loess landslides under train vibration load is studied deeply. Through the analysis, train vibration load is thought to be a chief factor which induce the landslides; The characteristics of slide-zone soil is Summed up, and based on the theoretical foundation for laboratory tests of slide-zone soil.
(2) By imposing the different cell pressure and dynamic load on slide-zone soil specimens which collected along the typical railway landslides in dynamic tri-axial test, the rules about dynamic strength and dynamic deformation of the slide-zone soil under simulating the train vibration load are studied. The results show that the dynamic strength and cumulate residual strain of the slide-zone soil change with the change of dynamic time and consolidation stress under certain dynamic stress.
(3) Based on this test data about slip zone soil dynamic tri-axial test, the BP neural network forecasting model of slip zone soil vibratory subsidence is established, and the results are compared with the multivariate linear regression model. The results show that the assessment of BP neural network forecasting model is more accurate than multivariate linear regression model.
(4) The stability of loess landslides under high-speed train vibration load is analyzed by using FLAC. The results indicate that disturbed degree and stability coefficient of the loess landslides change with different train-speed. The results are helpful for the design and strengthening for high-speed railway loess landslides.
(5) Through the study about mechanism of loess landslides, the mechanism of loess landslides under minor amplitude and long-term vibration load is proposed. And analysis based on the principle of mechanics and entropy is carried out to prove the proposed mechanisms.
(1)对机车振动作用下黄土滑坡的形成条件和特征进行了深入剖析,认为机车振动也是促发黄土滑坡的一个主要因素;并对黄土滑坡滑带土的特征进行了简单总结,为滑带土室内试验奠定了理论基础。
(2)选择典型地段,采集大量滑带土样品,在动三轴上通过对试样施加不同围压和不同动应力,研究其在模拟机车振动荷载作用下土的动强度及动变形的变化规律。结果表明,滑带黄土在一定的动应力条件下,其动强度和累积残余应变随着振次、固结应力的变化,呈现一定的规律性变化。
(3)利用本次试验数据,将BP神经网络的方法和多元线形回归的方法应用于滑带黄土振陷系数的预测中,并将结果进行了比较,结果表明,BP神经网络的方法在预测振陷系数上优于多元线形回归法。
(4)利用数值模拟软件FLAC对高速列车振动荷载作用下黄土边坡的变形稳定性进行了分析。结果表明列车运行速度对黄土边坡的扰动程度及边坡稳定性系数的影响呈一定的规律性变化。为高速铁路黄土边坡的设计和加固提供了理论依据。
(5)对黄土滑坡机理进行了研究,提出列车在小振幅、长持时振动荷载作用下黄土滑坡的形成机理;并分别从力学和熵的角度对于提出的机理进行了分析。
In recent years, with the development of railway modernization, raising train-running speed and increasing train-hauling load will necessarily increase train vibration force, the vibratory effect of train-running on stability of loess landslides has become a hot issue among Geotechnical engineering insiders. In the thesis, taking the loess landslides and slide-zone soil along the railway as researched subject and combining with geo-technical investigation, laboratory tests, mechanical analysis, theoretical study, numerical calculation, the dynamic characteristics of slide-zone soil and stability of loess landslides under high-speed train vibration load is studied deeply. The main research results of dissertation can be summarized as follows:
(1) The cause of formation and characteristics of loess landslides under train vibration load is studied deeply. Through the analysis, train vibration load is thought to be a chief factor which induce the landslides; The characteristics of slide-zone soil is Summed up, and based on the theoretical foundation for laboratory tests of slide-zone soil.
(2) By imposing the different cell pressure and dynamic load on slide-zone soil specimens which collected along the typical railway landslides in dynamic tri-axial test, the rules about dynamic strength and dynamic deformation of the slide-zone soil under simulating the train vibration load are studied. The results show that the dynamic strength and cumulate residual strain of the slide-zone soil change with the change of dynamic time and consolidation stress under certain dynamic stress.
(3) Based on this test data about slip zone soil dynamic tri-axial test, the BP neural network forecasting model of slip zone soil vibratory subsidence is established, and the results are compared with the multivariate linear regression model. The results show that the assessment of BP neural network forecasting model is more accurate than multivariate linear regression model.
(4) The stability of loess landslides under high-speed train vibration load is analyzed by using FLAC. The results indicate that disturbed degree and stability coefficient of the loess landslides change with different train-speed. The results are helpful for the design and strengthening for high-speed railway loess landslides.
(5) Through the study about mechanism of loess landslides, the mechanism of loess landslides under minor amplitude and long-term vibration load is proposed. And analysis based on the principle of mechanics and entropy is carried out to prove the proposed mechanisms.
引文
[1]M.J.伏斯列夫.饱和粘土抗剪强度的物理分量[A].粘土抗剪强度译文集[C],北京:科学出版社,1965 Page:124-130
[2]今井秀喜.キレツ构造的分布[J].日本矿业会志,1963,97(904):111-123
[3]A.w.斯开普敦.沿硬粘土构造间断处的强度[A].土工译丛(第二集)[C],长江水利电力科学院,1975 Page:47-52
[4]Tchalemke.J.S Similarities between Shear Zones Of different magnitudes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1970(81)47-52
[5]#12
[6]铁道部科学研究院西北分院.滑坡防治[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1977
[7]曲焰.武都滑坡滑带特征及滑面强度[A].见:四川省地理学会滑坡专业委员会,中国科学院成都地理研究所.滑坡分析与防治[C],重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1984:87-95
[8]李明华.粘土滑坡滑动面形成机制研究[A].见:甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害研究协调中心,铁道部科学研究院西北研究所.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社1988:424-431
[9]王恭先.滑带土抗剪强度参数的综合分析选取法[A].见:甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害研究协调中心,铁道部科学研究院西北研究所.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:387-398
[10]吴其伟.青海东部半成岩分布区大型自然滑坡滑速滑程分析[A].见:甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害研究协调中心,铁道部科学研究院西北研究所.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:124-130
[11]徐邦栋,王恭先.几类滑坡的发生机理[A].见:滑坡文集编委会.滑坡文集(第五集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1986:77-81
[12]Prakash.S,Guo.T.Liquefaction of silts and silt-clay mixtures[J].Geotechnical Earthquake Eng and Soil Dynamics Ⅲ,ASCE,1998,vol.1,pages 337-346
[13]Purl V K.Liquefaction behavior and dynamic properties of loessial(silty)soils.P.H.D.thesis. University of Missouri-Rolla,1984
[14]Shannon S.Liquefaction and settlement characteristics of silt soils[D].Mo.U.S:University of Missouri-Rolla,1989
[15]Ishihara IL Okusa S,Oyagi N and Ishchuk A.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsive loess deposit in Soviet Tajlk[J].Soils and foundations,1990,30(4):73-89
[16]谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[17]巫志辉,谢定义,余雄飞.洛川黄土的动变形和强度特紧性[J].水利学报,1994,12:67-71
[18]段汝文,张振中,李兰,等.黄土动力特性的进一步研究[J].西北地震学报,1990,3(12):72-78
[19]骆亚生,谢定义,董为民,等.不同地区黄土振陷变形特性的对比分析[J].陕西水利发电,2001,17:4-7
[20]王兰民,张振忠,王俊,等.随机地震荷载作用下黄土动强度的试验方法[J].西北地震学报,1991,13(3)
[21]王兰民,张振忠,王俊,等.随机地震荷载作用下黄土动本构关系的试验研究[J].西北地震学报,1992,14(3)
[22]Wang Lanmin et al.,Dynamic behaviors of loess under irregular seismic loading[J].Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Earthquake Construction and Design,1994,1:1987-194
[23]Wang Lanmin,Wang Jun,Li Lan,Liquefaction problem in seismic microzonation in loess areas[J],Proc.5thInternationl Conference on Seismic Zonation,1995:917-923
[24]Wang Lanmin,Sun Chongshao,Yuan Zhongxia,Zonation on seismic geotechnical hazards in loess areas of china[J],Manual for Zonation on Seismic Geoteehnieal Hazard(Revised Vision),Technical Committee for Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering,TC4,ISSMGE,1999
[25]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003
[26]王兰民,刘红孜,李兰,等.饱和黄土液化机理与特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89-94
[27]Francois,S.Pyl,L.Masoumi H.R.and Degrande G.The influence of dynamic soil-structure interaction on traffic induced vibrations in buildings[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 19 January 2007
[28]Laura Alakukku and Paavo Elonen.Long-term effects of a single compaction by heavy field traffic on yield and nitrogen uptake of annual crops[J].Soil and Tillage Research,Volume 36,Issues 3-4,December 1995,Pages 141-152
[29]Ayse Edincliler,Gokhan Baykal and Kagan Dengili,Determination of static and dynamic behavior of recycled materials for highways Resources[J].Conservation and Recycling,Volume 42,Issue 3,October 2004,Pages 223-237
[30]S.J.E.van Dijck and Th.W.J.van Asch,Compaction of loamy soils due to tractor traffic in vineyards and orchards and its effect on infiltration in southern France[J].Soil and Tillage Research,Volume 63,Issues 3-4,January 2002,Pages 141-153
[31]唐益群,张曦,叶为民,等.地铁列车振动荷载作用下土体的动力特性和动强度研究[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(增):98-101
[32]O.Hunaidi,W.Guan and J.Nicks,Building vibrations and dynamic pavement loads induced by transit buses[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,Volume 19,Issue 6,August 2000,Pages 435-453
[33]R.Paolucci,A.Maffeis,L.Scandella,M.Stupazzini and M.Vanini,Numerical prediction of low-frequency ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains at Ledsgaard[J].Sweden Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,Volume 23,Issue 6,August 2003,Pages 425-433
[34]王家鼎,张倬元.黄土动力学特性及黄土滑坡机理研究评述[A].见:人地协和——张倬元教授八十华诞论文集[C].北京:地质出版社,2006,78-82
[35]王家鼎,谢婉丽.地震液化引起地面大位移预测方法的研究[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(增):138-140
[36]Bishop.A.W.The use of the slip circle in the stability of slopes[J].Geotechnique,1955,5(1):7-17
[37]Jambu.Slope stability computation,Embarkment-Dam Engineering[J].1973
[38]Fellenius W.Calculation of the stability of Earth Dams[J].Preceedings of the Second Congress of Large Dam,1936(4):445-463
[39]郑颖人,时为民,杨明成.不平衡推力法与Sarma法的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):3030-3036
[40]R.Jimenez-Rodriguez,N.Sitar and J.Chac6n.System reliability approach to rock slope stability[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,Volume 43,Issue 6,September 2006,Pages 847-859
[41]D.C.Tobutt.Monte Carlo Simulation methods for slope stability[J].Computers &Geoseiences,Volume 8,Issue 2,1982,Pages 199-208
[42]罗文强,龚珏.Rosenblueth方法在斜坡稳定性概率评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):232-235
[43]H.Sonmez,C.Gokceoglu and R.Ulusay.a mamdani fuzzy inference system for the geological strength index(gsi)and its use in slope stability assessments[J].International Joumal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,Volume 41,Issue 3,April 2004,Pages 513-514
[44]Jr.Femando Saboya,Mafia da G16ria Alves and Wendell Dias Pinto.Assessment of failure susceptibility of soil slopes using fuzzy logic[J].Engineering Geology,Volume 86,Issue 4,25August 2006,Pages 211-224
[45]Ya-Ching Liu and Chao-Shi Chen.A new approach for application of rock mass classification on rock slope stability assessment[J].Engineering Geology,Volume 89,Issues 1-2,12January 2007,Pages 129-143
[46]王家鼎.黄土斜坡稳定性评价的模糊信息分析[J].山地研究 1991,9(1):33-39
[47]Wang Jiading.The analysis of loess slope instability based on fuzzy information method[J].BUSEFAL 1993,53:83-92
[48]杨育文.渗透破坏情况下土坡失稳的模糊概率[J].岩石力学,1996,17(3):15-20
[49]蒋永远.灰色理论在岩石边坡稳定分析和预测中的应用[J].土工基础,2003,17(3):54-57
[50]冉恒谦,谢建清,张二海.层次分析法在滑坡稳定性评判中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1997,9(4):6-8
[51]Mowen Xie,Tetsuro Esaki,Cheng Qiu and Chunxiang Wang.Geographical information system-based computational implementation and application of spatial three-dimensional slope stability analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,Volume 33,Issues 4-5,June-July 2006,Pages 260-274
[52]沈芳,程东,向喜琼.GIS在斜坡稳定性空间评价预测中应用初探[J].矿物岩石,1998, vol.18:227-229
[53]曹杰,赵筱青.突变理论在斜坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].云南地理环境研究,12(2),2000:9-14
[54]夏元有.斜坡稳定性评估神经网络专家系统[J].灾害学,13(4),1998:7-11
[55]H.B.Wang,W.Y.Xu and R.C.Xu,Slope stability evaluation using Back Propagation Neural Networks[J].Engineering Geology,Volume 80,Issues 3-4,30 August 2005,Pages 302-315
[56]冯连昌,郑晏武.中国湿陷性黄土[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1982
[57]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997
[58]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.491-537
[59]陈存礼,谢定义.动荷载作用下强度发挥面上砂土的应力应变关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):770-774
[60]张茹.土石坝墙心料及坝基细砂砾料动力特性试验研究[D].成都:四川大学,2002
[61]陈存礼,胡再强.强夯地基黄土的动力特性参数及其与振动频率的关系[J].西安理工大学学报,1998,14(2):217-220
[62]王建荣,张振中,王峻,等.振动频率对原状黄土动本构关系的影响[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(3):310-314
[63]王家鼎,黄崇福.余震区长度与震级关系的模糊神经元网络模型[J].西北地震学报,1995,17(1):62-68
[64]马骥,傅光翮,罗国煜.基于MATLAB的BP神经网络在砂土液化评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2004,(2):54-58
[65]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001.23(2).157-161
[66]Anderson M G,Richards K S.Slope stability[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1987
[67]Anthony T C.Seismic liquefaction potential assessed by neural networks[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120(9):1467-1480
[68]闻新,周露,李翔,等.MATLAB神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[69]祁生林,祁生文,伍法权,等.基于剩余推力法的地震滑坡永久位移研究[J].工程地质学报,2004.12(1):63-68
[70]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua User's Guide[R].USA: Itasca Consulting Group Inc,2005
[71]张友葩.动荷载下边坡的失稳分析[J].北京科技大学学报,vol.25 No.2,2003
[72]夏禾,张楠,曹艳梅.列车对周围地面及建筑物振动影响的试验研究[J].铁道学报,Vol.26No.4,2004
[73]李启发.爆破地震波对岩质边坡稳定性的影响[J].爆破,1996
[74]张璞,列车振动荷载作用下上下近距离地铁区间动态响应[D],同济大学,2001
[75]Duncan J M.State of the art:Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes[J].Joumal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(7):577-596
[76]Griffiths D V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Geo technique,1999,49(3):387-403
[77]晏同珍.滑坡发生机理[M].见:中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会编.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集[C],北京:科学出版社,1983:190-197
[78]卢肇钧.土的破坏机理和土力学问题[M].见:中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会编.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集[C],北京:科学出版社,1983:115-120
[79]张悼元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社,1994
[80]胡广韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995
[81]王家鼎.高速黄土滑坡的一种机理—饱和黄土蠕动液化[J].地质论评,1992,38(6):532-538
[82]王家鼎.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):78-82
[83]王家鼎.灌溉诱发高速黄土滑坡的运动机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(3):241-246
[84]王家鼎.强震作用下低角度黄土斜坡滑移的复合机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):446-450
[85]唐静.我国西北地区第三纪至老第四纪湖相地层中突发性高速滑坡发育特征及形成机制[J].见:甘肃省滑坡泥石流研究会编[C],兰州滑坡学术讨论会论文摘要,1985:10-11
[86]张廷芳.熵、自由能与功函[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1983
[2]今井秀喜.キレツ构造的分布[J].日本矿业会志,1963,97(904):111-123
[3]A.w.斯开普敦.沿硬粘土构造间断处的强度[A].土工译丛(第二集)[C],长江水利电力科学院,1975 Page:47-52
[4]Tchalemke.J.S Similarities between Shear Zones Of different magnitudes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1970(81)47-52
[5]#12
[6]铁道部科学研究院西北分院.滑坡防治[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1977
[7]曲焰.武都滑坡滑带特征及滑面强度[A].见:四川省地理学会滑坡专业委员会,中国科学院成都地理研究所.滑坡分析与防治[C],重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1984:87-95
[8]李明华.粘土滑坡滑动面形成机制研究[A].见:甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害研究协调中心,铁道部科学研究院西北研究所.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社1988:424-431
[9]王恭先.滑带土抗剪强度参数的综合分析选取法[A].见:甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害研究协调中心,铁道部科学研究院西北研究所.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:387-398
[10]吴其伟.青海东部半成岩分布区大型自然滑坡滑速滑程分析[A].见:甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害研究协调中心,铁道部科学研究院西北研究所.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1988:124-130
[11]徐邦栋,王恭先.几类滑坡的发生机理[A].见:滑坡文集编委会.滑坡文集(第五集)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1986:77-81
[12]Prakash.S,Guo.T.Liquefaction of silts and silt-clay mixtures[J].Geotechnical Earthquake Eng and Soil Dynamics Ⅲ,ASCE,1998,vol.1,pages 337-346
[13]Purl V K.Liquefaction behavior and dynamic properties of loessial(silty)soils.P.H.D.thesis. University of Missouri-Rolla,1984
[14]Shannon S.Liquefaction and settlement characteristics of silt soils[D].Mo.U.S:University of Missouri-Rolla,1989
[15]Ishihara IL Okusa S,Oyagi N and Ishchuk A.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsive loess deposit in Soviet Tajlk[J].Soils and foundations,1990,30(4):73-89
[16]谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[17]巫志辉,谢定义,余雄飞.洛川黄土的动变形和强度特紧性[J].水利学报,1994,12:67-71
[18]段汝文,张振中,李兰,等.黄土动力特性的进一步研究[J].西北地震学报,1990,3(12):72-78
[19]骆亚生,谢定义,董为民,等.不同地区黄土振陷变形特性的对比分析[J].陕西水利发电,2001,17:4-7
[20]王兰民,张振忠,王俊,等.随机地震荷载作用下黄土动强度的试验方法[J].西北地震学报,1991,13(3)
[21]王兰民,张振忠,王俊,等.随机地震荷载作用下黄土动本构关系的试验研究[J].西北地震学报,1992,14(3)
[22]Wang Lanmin et al.,Dynamic behaviors of loess under irregular seismic loading[J].Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Earthquake Construction and Design,1994,1:1987-194
[23]Wang Lanmin,Wang Jun,Li Lan,Liquefaction problem in seismic microzonation in loess areas[J],Proc.5thInternationl Conference on Seismic Zonation,1995:917-923
[24]Wang Lanmin,Sun Chongshao,Yuan Zhongxia,Zonation on seismic geotechnical hazards in loess areas of china[J],Manual for Zonation on Seismic Geoteehnieal Hazard(Revised Vision),Technical Committee for Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering,TC4,ISSMGE,1999
[25]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003
[26]王兰民,刘红孜,李兰,等.饱和黄土液化机理与特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89-94
[27]Francois,S.Pyl,L.Masoumi H.R.and Degrande G.The influence of dynamic soil-structure interaction on traffic induced vibrations in buildings[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 19 January 2007
[28]Laura Alakukku and Paavo Elonen.Long-term effects of a single compaction by heavy field traffic on yield and nitrogen uptake of annual crops[J].Soil and Tillage Research,Volume 36,Issues 3-4,December 1995,Pages 141-152
[29]Ayse Edincliler,Gokhan Baykal and Kagan Dengili,Determination of static and dynamic behavior of recycled materials for highways Resources[J].Conservation and Recycling,Volume 42,Issue 3,October 2004,Pages 223-237
[30]S.J.E.van Dijck and Th.W.J.van Asch,Compaction of loamy soils due to tractor traffic in vineyards and orchards and its effect on infiltration in southern France[J].Soil and Tillage Research,Volume 63,Issues 3-4,January 2002,Pages 141-153
[31]唐益群,张曦,叶为民,等.地铁列车振动荷载作用下土体的动力特性和动强度研究[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(增):98-101
[32]O.Hunaidi,W.Guan and J.Nicks,Building vibrations and dynamic pavement loads induced by transit buses[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,Volume 19,Issue 6,August 2000,Pages 435-453
[33]R.Paolucci,A.Maffeis,L.Scandella,M.Stupazzini and M.Vanini,Numerical prediction of low-frequency ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains at Ledsgaard[J].Sweden Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,Volume 23,Issue 6,August 2003,Pages 425-433
[34]王家鼎,张倬元.黄土动力学特性及黄土滑坡机理研究评述[A].见:人地协和——张倬元教授八十华诞论文集[C].北京:地质出版社,2006,78-82
[35]王家鼎,谢婉丽.地震液化引起地面大位移预测方法的研究[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(增):138-140
[36]Bishop.A.W.The use of the slip circle in the stability of slopes[J].Geotechnique,1955,5(1):7-17
[37]Jambu.Slope stability computation,Embarkment-Dam Engineering[J].1973
[38]Fellenius W.Calculation of the stability of Earth Dams[J].Preceedings of the Second Congress of Large Dam,1936(4):445-463
[39]郑颖人,时为民,杨明成.不平衡推力法与Sarma法的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):3030-3036
[40]R.Jimenez-Rodriguez,N.Sitar and J.Chac6n.System reliability approach to rock slope stability[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,Volume 43,Issue 6,September 2006,Pages 847-859
[41]D.C.Tobutt.Monte Carlo Simulation methods for slope stability[J].Computers &Geoseiences,Volume 8,Issue 2,1982,Pages 199-208
[42]罗文强,龚珏.Rosenblueth方法在斜坡稳定性概率评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):232-235
[43]H.Sonmez,C.Gokceoglu and R.Ulusay.a mamdani fuzzy inference system for the geological strength index(gsi)and its use in slope stability assessments[J].International Joumal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,Volume 41,Issue 3,April 2004,Pages 513-514
[44]Jr.Femando Saboya,Mafia da G16ria Alves and Wendell Dias Pinto.Assessment of failure susceptibility of soil slopes using fuzzy logic[J].Engineering Geology,Volume 86,Issue 4,25August 2006,Pages 211-224
[45]Ya-Ching Liu and Chao-Shi Chen.A new approach for application of rock mass classification on rock slope stability assessment[J].Engineering Geology,Volume 89,Issues 1-2,12January 2007,Pages 129-143
[46]王家鼎.黄土斜坡稳定性评价的模糊信息分析[J].山地研究 1991,9(1):33-39
[47]Wang Jiading.The analysis of loess slope instability based on fuzzy information method[J].BUSEFAL 1993,53:83-92
[48]杨育文.渗透破坏情况下土坡失稳的模糊概率[J].岩石力学,1996,17(3):15-20
[49]蒋永远.灰色理论在岩石边坡稳定分析和预测中的应用[J].土工基础,2003,17(3):54-57
[50]冉恒谦,谢建清,张二海.层次分析法在滑坡稳定性评判中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1997,9(4):6-8
[51]Mowen Xie,Tetsuro Esaki,Cheng Qiu and Chunxiang Wang.Geographical information system-based computational implementation and application of spatial three-dimensional slope stability analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,Volume 33,Issues 4-5,June-July 2006,Pages 260-274
[52]沈芳,程东,向喜琼.GIS在斜坡稳定性空间评价预测中应用初探[J].矿物岩石,1998, vol.18:227-229
[53]曹杰,赵筱青.突变理论在斜坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].云南地理环境研究,12(2),2000:9-14
[54]夏元有.斜坡稳定性评估神经网络专家系统[J].灾害学,13(4),1998:7-11
[55]H.B.Wang,W.Y.Xu and R.C.Xu,Slope stability evaluation using Back Propagation Neural Networks[J].Engineering Geology,Volume 80,Issues 3-4,30 August 2005,Pages 302-315
[56]冯连昌,郑晏武.中国湿陷性黄土[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1982
[57]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997
[58]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.491-537
[59]陈存礼,谢定义.动荷载作用下强度发挥面上砂土的应力应变关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):770-774
[60]张茹.土石坝墙心料及坝基细砂砾料动力特性试验研究[D].成都:四川大学,2002
[61]陈存礼,胡再强.强夯地基黄土的动力特性参数及其与振动频率的关系[J].西安理工大学学报,1998,14(2):217-220
[62]王建荣,张振中,王峻,等.振动频率对原状黄土动本构关系的影响[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(3):310-314
[63]王家鼎,黄崇福.余震区长度与震级关系的模糊神经元网络模型[J].西北地震学报,1995,17(1):62-68
[64]马骥,傅光翮,罗国煜.基于MATLAB的BP神经网络在砂土液化评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2004,(2):54-58
[65]陈昌彦,王思敬,沈小克.边坡岩体稳定性的人工神经网络预测模型[J].岩土工程学报,2001.23(2).157-161
[66]Anderson M G,Richards K S.Slope stability[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1987
[67]Anthony T C.Seismic liquefaction potential assessed by neural networks[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120(9):1467-1480
[68]闻新,周露,李翔,等.MATLAB神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[69]祁生林,祁生文,伍法权,等.基于剩余推力法的地震滑坡永久位移研究[J].工程地质学报,2004.12(1):63-68
[70]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua User's Guide[R].USA: Itasca Consulting Group Inc,2005
[71]张友葩.动荷载下边坡的失稳分析[J].北京科技大学学报,vol.25 No.2,2003
[72]夏禾,张楠,曹艳梅.列车对周围地面及建筑物振动影响的试验研究[J].铁道学报,Vol.26No.4,2004
[73]李启发.爆破地震波对岩质边坡稳定性的影响[J].爆破,1996
[74]张璞,列车振动荷载作用下上下近距离地铁区间动态响应[D],同济大学,2001
[75]Duncan J M.State of the art:Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes[J].Joumal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(7):577-596
[76]Griffiths D V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Geo technique,1999,49(3):387-403
[77]晏同珍.滑坡发生机理[M].见:中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会编.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集[C],北京:科学出版社,1983:190-197
[78]卢肇钧.土的破坏机理和土力学问题[M].见:中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会编.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集[C],北京:科学出版社,1983:115-120
[79]张悼元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社,1994
[80]胡广韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995
[81]王家鼎.高速黄土滑坡的一种机理—饱和黄土蠕动液化[J].地质论评,1992,38(6):532-538
[82]王家鼎.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):78-82
[83]王家鼎.灌溉诱发高速黄土滑坡的运动机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(3):241-246
[84]王家鼎.强震作用下低角度黄土斜坡滑移的复合机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):446-450
[85]唐静.我国西北地区第三纪至老第四纪湖相地层中突发性高速滑坡发育特征及形成机制[J].见:甘肃省滑坡泥石流研究会编[C],兰州滑坡学术讨论会论文摘要,1985:10-11
[86]张廷芳.熵、自由能与功函[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1983