玫瑰石斛和鼓槌石斛花的化学成分研究
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摘要
玫瑰石斛(Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. ex Paxt.)属于兰科(Orchidaceae)石斛属(Dendrobium)植物,主要分布于云南贵州及东南亚等地,具有益胃生津,滋阴清热,润肺止咳等功效,在云南南部地区把玫瑰石斛当作石斛来使用,是地方用药的一种。为了更好的了解和开发石斛资源,寻找新的活性成分,本文对玫瑰石斛的化学成分进行研究。
     对兰科石斛属植物玫瑰石斛进行了植物化学研究,利用色谱技术和常规分离方法对玫瑰石斛的乙醇提取物的非生物碱部分进行分离,得到16个化合物,其中有三个新颖的化合物,两个新颖的茋类化合物和一个新颖的木质素化合物。综合应用紫外光谱(UV)红外光谱(IR)、质谱(ESIMS、EIMS、HREIMS)及核磁共振光谱(1H-NMR、13C-NMR、DEPT、HMBC、HMQC)等现代波谱技术,并辅以化学方法对这15个化合物进行了结构鉴定。新化合物分别是:3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1-[3-(3',4'-dimethoxy-5'-hydroxyphenyl) hydroxypropyl]-9',10'-dihydrophenanthrene,9-(3-hydroxyl-4-methoxyylphenethyl)-17(22-hydroxyl-20-methoxy-lphenethyl)-11-methoxylchroman-16-ol,2,3-dihydro-2-(4,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-, trans-5-benzofurancarboxaldehyde。
     并对分离得到的新化合物3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1-[3-(3',4'-dimethoxy-5'-hydroxyphenyl) hydroxypropyl]-9',10'-dihydrophenanthrene中13位手性碳的绝对构型应用核磁共振法进行了确定。通过进行莫舍尔酯化,然后比较相关位置上质子在两个构型中的化学位移之差,依据莫舍尔规则确定了13位碳的构型为R型。
     利用气质联用仪对鼓槌石斛花进行了分析以及主要化学成分的活性分析,发现鼓槌石斛花中含有大量降血清中胆固醇及人体所必须的生理活性物质,由于药用石斛主要是使用石斛的茎,而其花往往因不入药而被弃,浪费大量的资源。因此,本文对鼓槌石斛花的正己烷提取物进行气质联用分析为鼓槌石斛花的开发,提供了科学的基础。既充分利用了生物资源,又有保健作用,具有一定的应用价值。
Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. ex Paxt., a plant in Orchidaceae family, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Southeast Asia, promote the production of body fluid and reduce fever. The stem was used as "Shi-Hu" in the southern of Yunnan. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of its effective physiological constituents, the systematic phytochemical studies have been carried out.
     The chemical studies of Dendrobium crepidatum carried out, using chromatographic techniques and conventional isolation method.15 compounds were obtained from the non-alkaloids part of the ethanol extracts, including three new compounds (two novel stilbene compounds and a novel lignin compounds). On the basis of various modern spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, EIMS, ESIMS,'H NMR,13C NMR, HMBC, HMQC and DEPT) and classical chemical methods,15 compounds were determined, including three new ones:Crepidatuol A (1), Crepidatuol B (2), and Crepidatuol C (3). The configuration of chiral carbon in compound 1 was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Compare the chemical shifts of the proton on relative position, according to Moshe's rules to determine the configuration of carbon 13 to R-type.
     The chemical composition of flower of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. was analysised by the GC-MS and activity analysis of the main chemical components found in the flower. A large number of cholesterol and physiologically active substances were found which can lower serum. For the mainly use of the stem, its flowers are often abandoned, which is huge waste. Chemical constituents of the hexane extraction from flowers of Dendrobium chrysotoxum were studied by the method of GC-MS in this study, which provide a scientific basis.
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