单周控制高性能应急电源研究
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摘要
随着工业和科学技术的快速发展,人类社会对电力的依赖也越来越多。突然的断电必然会影响人们正常的生活,严重时还会造成重大的事故和经济损失,尤其是在我国正处于电力供应紧张的时期,急需后备电源来弥补这一不足。EPS是是电源行业中的一种新型备用电源产品,相对传统的柴油发电机组,EPS具有性能可靠、管理方便、安全环保、使用寿命长、设计灵活等多种优势,已广泛应用于建筑电气和工业电气的备用电源设计中。
EPS电源系统主要由整流充电器、蓄电池组、逆变器、自动切换装置等部分组成,其中逆变器是核心,逆变器的输出直接决定着整个EPS输出性能,而逆变器输出电压的质量与逆变控制技术相关。单周控制技术是1991年由Keyue M.Smedley和Slobodan Cuk首次提出的大信号非线性控制技术,与其它的常频PWM控制方法相比较,单周控制方法不仅结构简单、响应速度快、稳定性好,而且既无稳态误差又无暂态误差、具有很好的鲁棒性,可适应高精度、高速度和高抗扰的控制要求。
本文针对EPS电源需要动态响应速度快、输出电压质量高和抗干扰能力强的特点,将单周控制技术应用到EPS的逆变控制系统中。根据单周控制的基本原理,解决了三个单周控制在逆变电路中出现的关键型性的问题:首先通过双通道积分器解决了复位积分器瞬时复位的问题;接着用增加直流偏移量解决了扰动误差引起的系统不稳定的问题;最后增加前馈PI控制,解决了寄生参数引起的稳态误差问题。在单周控制技术的基础上,对单相全桥EPS电源进行了详细仿真,并与基于SPWM技术的单相EPS电源仿真结果进行了比较。仿真结果显示,单周控制技术比SPWM技术在抗直流电源干扰、抗负载干扰和抑制死区效应上更有优势。文章还对三相半桥EPS电源进行了仿真。为了验证理论的可行性,本文还对基于单周控制技术的单相全桥EPS电源进行了实验研究,并给出部分实验结果。
The dependence on electric power is becoming more and more in the human society with the rapid development of industry and science technology. The sudden power failure will affect people’s natural life, seriously can make great accident and economy loss, especially in the time that our country’s electric power supply is being in tension. So standby power supply is requirement. The Emergency Power Supply (EPS) is a sort of new type standby power supply. Comparatively with the conventional diesel generating set, EPS is provided with dependable performance, convenient management, safety, longevity of service and flexible design. EPS has been broadly used in the standby power supply design of building electricity and industry electricity.
The system of Emergency Power Supply mostly forms from commutated charger, accumulator battery, inverter and automatic switching set. The inverter is the core of EPS, its output directly choose the performance of EPS. But the quality of inverter output voltage depends on the inverse control technique. The one-cycle control is a great signal nonlinear control technique firstly proposed by Keyue M.Smedley and Slobodan at 1991. Compared with the method of constant frequency PWM control, one-cycle control has simple structure, fast response speed, good stability, beautiful robustness, no steady error and transient error. It can adapt the control requirement of high precision, high speed and high against disturbance.
For the aim that EPS needs rapid dynamic response, high quality output voltage and strong antijamming ability, the One-cycle control technique is applied into the control system of the Emergency Power Supply. Based on the one-cycle control theory, three key problems when one-cycle control used in the inverse circuit are resolved. The first problem that the integrator needs to be reset instantaneously is resolved by using dual channel integrator with reset. Secondly, by added dc offset voltage, an automatic switching-error correction scheme is developed for the instability problem. The last, the steady error problem caused by autoecious parameters is resolved by added PI control with feedforward. By using of one-cycle control technique, this paper gives the simulation details of the single-phase full-bridge EPS inverter, whose simulation results compare with the EPS inverter based on the SPWM. Simulation results show that the one-cycle control technique gets better performance than the SPWM technique at the ability of against DC source, load disturbance and dead-zone affection. This paper simply shows the simulation results of three-phase half-bridge EPS inverter. At the last, this paper gives experiment research on the single-phase full-bridge EPS inverter and also gives some experiment results.
EPS电源系统主要由整流充电器、蓄电池组、逆变器、自动切换装置等部分组成,其中逆变器是核心,逆变器的输出直接决定着整个EPS输出性能,而逆变器输出电压的质量与逆变控制技术相关。单周控制技术是1991年由Keyue M.Smedley和Slobodan Cuk首次提出的大信号非线性控制技术,与其它的常频PWM控制方法相比较,单周控制方法不仅结构简单、响应速度快、稳定性好,而且既无稳态误差又无暂态误差、具有很好的鲁棒性,可适应高精度、高速度和高抗扰的控制要求。
本文针对EPS电源需要动态响应速度快、输出电压质量高和抗干扰能力强的特点,将单周控制技术应用到EPS的逆变控制系统中。根据单周控制的基本原理,解决了三个单周控制在逆变电路中出现的关键型性的问题:首先通过双通道积分器解决了复位积分器瞬时复位的问题;接着用增加直流偏移量解决了扰动误差引起的系统不稳定的问题;最后增加前馈PI控制,解决了寄生参数引起的稳态误差问题。在单周控制技术的基础上,对单相全桥EPS电源进行了详细仿真,并与基于SPWM技术的单相EPS电源仿真结果进行了比较。仿真结果显示,单周控制技术比SPWM技术在抗直流电源干扰、抗负载干扰和抑制死区效应上更有优势。文章还对三相半桥EPS电源进行了仿真。为了验证理论的可行性,本文还对基于单周控制技术的单相全桥EPS电源进行了实验研究,并给出部分实验结果。
The dependence on electric power is becoming more and more in the human society with the rapid development of industry and science technology. The sudden power failure will affect people’s natural life, seriously can make great accident and economy loss, especially in the time that our country’s electric power supply is being in tension. So standby power supply is requirement. The Emergency Power Supply (EPS) is a sort of new type standby power supply. Comparatively with the conventional diesel generating set, EPS is provided with dependable performance, convenient management, safety, longevity of service and flexible design. EPS has been broadly used in the standby power supply design of building electricity and industry electricity.
The system of Emergency Power Supply mostly forms from commutated charger, accumulator battery, inverter and automatic switching set. The inverter is the core of EPS, its output directly choose the performance of EPS. But the quality of inverter output voltage depends on the inverse control technique. The one-cycle control is a great signal nonlinear control technique firstly proposed by Keyue M.Smedley and Slobodan at 1991. Compared with the method of constant frequency PWM control, one-cycle control has simple structure, fast response speed, good stability, beautiful robustness, no steady error and transient error. It can adapt the control requirement of high precision, high speed and high against disturbance.
For the aim that EPS needs rapid dynamic response, high quality output voltage and strong antijamming ability, the One-cycle control technique is applied into the control system of the Emergency Power Supply. Based on the one-cycle control theory, three key problems when one-cycle control used in the inverse circuit are resolved. The first problem that the integrator needs to be reset instantaneously is resolved by using dual channel integrator with reset. Secondly, by added dc offset voltage, an automatic switching-error correction scheme is developed for the instability problem. The last, the steady error problem caused by autoecious parameters is resolved by added PI control with feedforward. By using of one-cycle control technique, this paper gives the simulation details of the single-phase full-bridge EPS inverter, whose simulation results compare with the EPS inverter based on the SPWM. Simulation results show that the one-cycle control technique gets better performance than the SPWM technique at the ability of against DC source, load disturbance and dead-zone affection. This paper simply shows the simulation results of three-phase half-bridge EPS inverter. At the last, this paper gives experiment research on the single-phase full-bridge EPS inverter and also gives some experiment results.
引文
[1]戴宝锋.EPS的设计与应用[J].UPS应用,2004,(36):42-45.
[2]李成章.应急电源用的EPS和UPS电源[J].电源世界,2004,(11):29-33.
[3]张乃国.UPS及EPS的应用技术与发展趋势[J].电源技术应用,2004,7(12):42-45.
[4]古月.EPS工程应用设计一[J].建筑电气,2005,(5):10-13.
[5]古月.EPS工程应用设计二[J].建筑电气,2005,(6):7-9.
[6]古月.EPS工程应用设计三[J].建筑电气,2006,(1):10-13.
[7]李向东.EPS电源在建筑应急照明系统中的应用初探[J].建筑智能化,2006,(4):3-5.
[8]于立东,齐福建.EPS消防应急电源的应用研究[J].枣庄学院学报,2006,23(2):44-46.
[9]赵辉.谈EPS应急电源装置在民用建筑中的应用[J].建筑电气,2004,(3):11-14.
[10]陈志清著.EPS应急电源百事通[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[11]李明月,钱照明.一种三相应急电源电路的探讨[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(1):106-107.
[12]卢其威,郭殿林.一种三相应急电源(EPS)的研制[J].电气应用,2006,24(7):74-76
[13]任祖德.EPS应急供电系统研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[14]王其英,刘秀荣著.新型不停电电源(UPS)管理使用与维护[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[15]钱希森著.小型UPS原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[16]侯振义,王义明著.UPS电路分析与维修[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[17]王兆安,黄俊著.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[18]张立著.现代电力电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[19]吕晓红.UPS逆变器的控制技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[20]惠娅倩.基于单周控制技术的逆变电源研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[21] Amanuma K., Fuwa M., Sakaki Y.. High accurate ripple reducing method based on the repetitive control [C]. IEEE-PESC’94, 1994: 571-576.
[22] Lucibello P.. Comments on "Nonlinear repetitive control" [J]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2003, 48(8): 1470-1471.
[23] Rech C., Pinheiro H., Grundling H.A., Hey H.L., Pinheiro J.R.. Comparison of digital control techniques with repetitive integral action for low cost PWM inverters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2003, 18(1): 401-410.
[24] Jezernik K., Zadravec D.. Sliding mode controller for a single phase inverter [C]. 1990 APEC’90, Conference Proceedings, 1990: 185-190.
[25] Rojko A., Jezernik K.. Sliding-mode motion controller with adaptive fuzzy disturbance estimation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2004, 51(5): 963-971.
[26] Von J.A., Enjeti P.N., Lucas D.J.. DSP control of high-power UPS systems feeding nonlinear loads [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1996, 43(1): 121-125.
[27] Haneyoshi T., Kawamura A., Hoft R.G.. Waveform compensation of PWM inverter with cyclic fluctuating loads [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1988, 24(4): 582-589.
[28] Ishibuchi H., Fujioka R., Tanaka H.. Neural networks that learn from fuzzy if-then rules [J]. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 1993, 1(2): 85-97.
[29] Zhidong Qi, Xinjian Zhu, Guangyi Cao. Neural networks modeling of MCFC system and fuzzy control research based on FGA [C]. Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2004, WCICA 2004, 2004, 3: 2486-2490.
[30]张凯等.基于状态反馈和重复控制的逆变器控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):56-62.
[31]吴浩伟等.基于重复和PI控制的中频逆变器复合控制方案[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(4):38-40.
[32]王晓薇等.基于DSP双环控制的逆变电源设计[J].电力电子技术,2004,38(3):20-21.
[33]陈良亮等.双闭环控制电压源逆变器外特性研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,38(3):6-7.
[34] SMEDLEY K M, CUK S. One-cycle Control of Switching Converters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(6): 625-633.
[35] Santi E., CukS.. Modeling of one-cycle controlled switching converters [C]. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1992, INTELEC'92, 14th International, 1992: 131-138.
[36] Smith K.M., Jr.Lai Z., Smedley K.M.. A new PWM controller with one-cycle response [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1999, 14(1): 142-150.
[37] Smedley K.M.. Integrators in pulse width modulation [C]. Switching circuits Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1996, PESC'96, Record.27th Annual IEEE, 1996, (1): 773-781.
[38] Smedley K.M., Cuk S.. One-cycle control of switching converters [C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1991, PESC'91 Record.22nd Annual IEEE 24-27, 1991: 888-896.
[39] Trzynadlowski A.M.. An overview of modern PWM techniques for three-phase voltage-controlled voltage-source inverters Industrial Electronics [C]. 1996 ISIE’96 Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium, 1996: 25-39.
[40] Yong Wang, Songhua Shen. Research on One-Cycle Control for Switching Converters [C]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2004: 74-77.
[41] Luowei Zhou, Keyue M.Smedley. Unified Constant-frequency Integration Control of Active Power Filters-Steady-State and Dynamics [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2001, 16(3): 428-436.
[42] Chongming Qiao, Keyue M.Smedley. Three-phase Grid-Connected Inverters Interface for Alternative Energy Sources with Unified Constant-frequency Integration control [C]. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting, 2001, 4: 2675-2682.
[43] Chan C.C., Zheng M.Z., Qian C., Meng S.. Comparisons of PWM and One-cycle Control for Power Amplifier with Multilevel Converter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 49(6): 1342-1344.
[44] SMEDLEY K M, CUK S. Dynamics of One-cycle Controlled Cuk Converters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(6): 634-639.
[45] LAI Z, SMEDLEY K M. A New Extension of One-cycle Control and Its Application to Switching Power Amplifiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1996, 11(1): 99-10.
[46] Dahono P.A., Purwadi A., Qamaruzzaman. An LC filter design method for single-phase PWM inverters[C]. Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1995, 2: 571-576.
[47] Shaoann Shon. LC filter design, test, and manufacturing [J]. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, 33(1): 337.
[48]武志贤等.电力电子变换器的单周控制方法的探讨[J].电气传动,2005,(10):22-24.
[49]向涛峰.双频逆变器供电的异步电机调速系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[50]龚伟.单周控制的开关功率放大器重[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[51]惠娅倩,王明渝.基于单周控制的电压型可调交流电源[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(9):30-34.
[52]李爱文,张承慧著.现代逆变技术及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[53]赵修科著.实用电源技术手册磁性元器件分册[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社,2002.
[2]李成章.应急电源用的EPS和UPS电源[J].电源世界,2004,(11):29-33.
[3]张乃国.UPS及EPS的应用技术与发展趋势[J].电源技术应用,2004,7(12):42-45.
[4]古月.EPS工程应用设计一[J].建筑电气,2005,(5):10-13.
[5]古月.EPS工程应用设计二[J].建筑电气,2005,(6):7-9.
[6]古月.EPS工程应用设计三[J].建筑电气,2006,(1):10-13.
[7]李向东.EPS电源在建筑应急照明系统中的应用初探[J].建筑智能化,2006,(4):3-5.
[8]于立东,齐福建.EPS消防应急电源的应用研究[J].枣庄学院学报,2006,23(2):44-46.
[9]赵辉.谈EPS应急电源装置在民用建筑中的应用[J].建筑电气,2004,(3):11-14.
[10]陈志清著.EPS应急电源百事通[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[11]李明月,钱照明.一种三相应急电源电路的探讨[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(1):106-107.
[12]卢其威,郭殿林.一种三相应急电源(EPS)的研制[J].电气应用,2006,24(7):74-76
[13]任祖德.EPS应急供电系统研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[14]王其英,刘秀荣著.新型不停电电源(UPS)管理使用与维护[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[15]钱希森著.小型UPS原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[16]侯振义,王义明著.UPS电路分析与维修[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[17]王兆安,黄俊著.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[18]张立著.现代电力电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[19]吕晓红.UPS逆变器的控制技术研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[20]惠娅倩.基于单周控制技术的逆变电源研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[21] Amanuma K., Fuwa M., Sakaki Y.. High accurate ripple reducing method based on the repetitive control [C]. IEEE-PESC’94, 1994: 571-576.
[22] Lucibello P.. Comments on "Nonlinear repetitive control" [J]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2003, 48(8): 1470-1471.
[23] Rech C., Pinheiro H., Grundling H.A., Hey H.L., Pinheiro J.R.. Comparison of digital control techniques with repetitive integral action for low cost PWM inverters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2003, 18(1): 401-410.
[24] Jezernik K., Zadravec D.. Sliding mode controller for a single phase inverter [C]. 1990 APEC’90, Conference Proceedings, 1990: 185-190.
[25] Rojko A., Jezernik K.. Sliding-mode motion controller with adaptive fuzzy disturbance estimation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2004, 51(5): 963-971.
[26] Von J.A., Enjeti P.N., Lucas D.J.. DSP control of high-power UPS systems feeding nonlinear loads [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1996, 43(1): 121-125.
[27] Haneyoshi T., Kawamura A., Hoft R.G.. Waveform compensation of PWM inverter with cyclic fluctuating loads [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1988, 24(4): 582-589.
[28] Ishibuchi H., Fujioka R., Tanaka H.. Neural networks that learn from fuzzy if-then rules [J]. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 1993, 1(2): 85-97.
[29] Zhidong Qi, Xinjian Zhu, Guangyi Cao. Neural networks modeling of MCFC system and fuzzy control research based on FGA [C]. Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2004, WCICA 2004, 2004, 3: 2486-2490.
[30]张凯等.基于状态反馈和重复控制的逆变器控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):56-62.
[31]吴浩伟等.基于重复和PI控制的中频逆变器复合控制方案[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(4):38-40.
[32]王晓薇等.基于DSP双环控制的逆变电源设计[J].电力电子技术,2004,38(3):20-21.
[33]陈良亮等.双闭环控制电压源逆变器外特性研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,38(3):6-7.
[34] SMEDLEY K M, CUK S. One-cycle Control of Switching Converters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(6): 625-633.
[35] Santi E., CukS.. Modeling of one-cycle controlled switching converters [C]. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1992, INTELEC'92, 14th International, 1992: 131-138.
[36] Smith K.M., Jr.Lai Z., Smedley K.M.. A new PWM controller with one-cycle response [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1999, 14(1): 142-150.
[37] Smedley K.M.. Integrators in pulse width modulation [C]. Switching circuits Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1996, PESC'96, Record.27th Annual IEEE, 1996, (1): 773-781.
[38] Smedley K.M., Cuk S.. One-cycle control of switching converters [C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1991, PESC'91 Record.22nd Annual IEEE 24-27, 1991: 888-896.
[39] Trzynadlowski A.M.. An overview of modern PWM techniques for three-phase voltage-controlled voltage-source inverters Industrial Electronics [C]. 1996 ISIE’96 Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium, 1996: 25-39.
[40] Yong Wang, Songhua Shen. Research on One-Cycle Control for Switching Converters [C]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2004: 74-77.
[41] Luowei Zhou, Keyue M.Smedley. Unified Constant-frequency Integration Control of Active Power Filters-Steady-State and Dynamics [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2001, 16(3): 428-436.
[42] Chongming Qiao, Keyue M.Smedley. Three-phase Grid-Connected Inverters Interface for Alternative Energy Sources with Unified Constant-frequency Integration control [C]. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting, 2001, 4: 2675-2682.
[43] Chan C.C., Zheng M.Z., Qian C., Meng S.. Comparisons of PWM and One-cycle Control for Power Amplifier with Multilevel Converter [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, 49(6): 1342-1344.
[44] SMEDLEY K M, CUK S. Dynamics of One-cycle Controlled Cuk Converters [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(6): 634-639.
[45] LAI Z, SMEDLEY K M. A New Extension of One-cycle Control and Its Application to Switching Power Amplifiers [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1996, 11(1): 99-10.
[46] Dahono P.A., Purwadi A., Qamaruzzaman. An LC filter design method for single-phase PWM inverters[C]. Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1995, 2: 571-576.
[47] Shaoann Shon. LC filter design, test, and manufacturing [J]. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1985, 33(1): 337.
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