基于半桥PWM整流器的PFC研究
|
摘要
随着大容量的电力电子装置在电网中运行数量的增加,注入电网的谐波污染越来越大,这种严重谐波污染导致低功率因数,使电能的有效利用率降低。因此,世界各国都十分关注提高功率因数和抑制谐波问题。本文针对功率因数校正中的一些关键技术进行研究,包括软件锁相技术、半桥PWM整流器的原理和应用,以及双Boost型PWM整流器的设计。
实现高功率因数的关键是控制输入电压、电流同频同相,故同步锁相技术的作用非常重要。本文研究了基于TMS320F2812DSP的三种软件锁相方法:指针归零法、先调频后调相和调频调相同时进行,对这三种方法的适用范围、所用DSP资源、锁相速度等方面分别进行了实验比较。半桥PWM整流器具有高功率因数、低谐波污染、能量双向流动等优点,本文研究其工作于功率因数校正状态,分析了半桥PFC的工作模式、电容不均压问题及其对输出电压纹波的影响,给出了解决方案,并设计了1kW实验样机完成实验验证。此外,论文在分析半桥PFC的基础上,研究一种双Boost型PWM整流器,并设计了1kW的实验样机,实验结果表明将双Boost型PWM整流器用作PFC不仅可以实现相对较高的变换效率和功率因数,而且提高了可靠性。
The grid harmonic pollution is increasing with high power electronic devices used widely in the power grid, which causes low power factor and makes the energy utilization efficiency reduced. Therefore great attention has been given to increase PF and suppress harmonic in the world. Some key technology about PFC has been researched in this thesis: software phase locked technology, the principle and application of half-bridge PWM rectifier and the design of dual boost PWM rectifier.
The key to get high Power Factor (PF) is to control input current in phase with input voltage, so phase locked technology is very important. Three software phase locked methods are studied based on TMS320F2812DSP in this thesis: zero adjustment of pointer, phase adjustment after frequency adjustment, the phase and frequency simultaneous adjustment, and the experimental comparison is also given in such aspects as application field, the DSP resource requirement, the phase locked velocity and so on. Half-bridge PWM rectifiers have the advantages of high PF, low harmonic pollution, bidirectional power flow and so on. The principle of half-bridge PFC circuit, the problem of unbalance in capacitor voltages and the influence on output ripple are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the solution for this problem is presented, and a 1kW prototype is designed to realize experimental verification. At last, a kind of dual boost PWM rectifier is researched, and a 1kW experiment prototype is also designed and experimental results verify that dual boost PWM rectifier can not only get higher conversion efficiency and higher PF, but also get more enhanced reliability.
实现高功率因数的关键是控制输入电压、电流同频同相,故同步锁相技术的作用非常重要。本文研究了基于TMS320F2812DSP的三种软件锁相方法:指针归零法、先调频后调相和调频调相同时进行,对这三种方法的适用范围、所用DSP资源、锁相速度等方面分别进行了实验比较。半桥PWM整流器具有高功率因数、低谐波污染、能量双向流动等优点,本文研究其工作于功率因数校正状态,分析了半桥PFC的工作模式、电容不均压问题及其对输出电压纹波的影响,给出了解决方案,并设计了1kW实验样机完成实验验证。此外,论文在分析半桥PFC的基础上,研究一种双Boost型PWM整流器,并设计了1kW的实验样机,实验结果表明将双Boost型PWM整流器用作PFC不仅可以实现相对较高的变换效率和功率因数,而且提高了可靠性。
The grid harmonic pollution is increasing with high power electronic devices used widely in the power grid, which causes low power factor and makes the energy utilization efficiency reduced. Therefore great attention has been given to increase PF and suppress harmonic in the world. Some key technology about PFC has been researched in this thesis: software phase locked technology, the principle and application of half-bridge PWM rectifier and the design of dual boost PWM rectifier.
The key to get high Power Factor (PF) is to control input current in phase with input voltage, so phase locked technology is very important. Three software phase locked methods are studied based on TMS320F2812DSP in this thesis: zero adjustment of pointer, phase adjustment after frequency adjustment, the phase and frequency simultaneous adjustment, and the experimental comparison is also given in such aspects as application field, the DSP resource requirement, the phase locked velocity and so on. Half-bridge PWM rectifiers have the advantages of high PF, low harmonic pollution, bidirectional power flow and so on. The principle of half-bridge PFC circuit, the problem of unbalance in capacitor voltages and the influence on output ripple are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the solution for this problem is presented, and a 1kW prototype is designed to realize experimental verification. At last, a kind of dual boost PWM rectifier is researched, and a 1kW experiment prototype is also designed and experimental results verify that dual boost PWM rectifier can not only get higher conversion efficiency and higher PF, but also get more enhanced reliability.
引文
[1]王兆安,刘进军,电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展,电力电子技术,1997年,第1期:100~104
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京,机械工业出版社,2004年:1~5
[3]张崇巍,张兴,PWM整流器及其控制,北京,机械工业出版社,2003年:1~2
[4]丁道宏,电力电子技术,北京,航空工业出版社,1999年:184~185
[5]张森等,冯垛生,一种新颖的能耗制动方法,电力电子技术,1996年,第3期:42~43
[6]宁玉杰,通用变频器的制动功能,冶金自动化,1995年,第3期:37~39
[7]张宝铭,尹松鹤,交流变频调速系统中的能量反馈控制,电气传动自动化,1996年,第3期:38~42
[8]吴隆安,赖寿宏,涂从欢,能量回馈系统的设计与实现,电力电子技术,1995年,第1期:23~24
[9] Key TS, Lai J-S, Comparison of standard and power supply design options for limiting harmonic distortion in power systems, IEEE Trans on Industry Application, 1993, Vol.29: 689~695
[10] IEEE Working Group on Nonsinusoidal Situations, Survey of north American electric utility concerns regarding nonsinusoidal waveforms, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, Vol.11: 73~78
[11] Xu W, Mansour Y, Siggers C, Developing utility harmonic regulations based on IEEE Std 519-B.C. Hydra's Approach, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, Vol.10: 1423~1430
[12]王兆安,杨君,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京,机械工业出版社,1998年:40~43
[13] Sasaki H, Machida T, A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic comgnetic compensation consideration on basic design, IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus& Systems, 1971, No.5, Vol.90: 2009~2019
[14] B.H.Kwon, E.H.Song, Design of current source using 12-phase controlled rectifier, IEEE Proc.Pt.B., 1991, Vol.138: 185~191
[15] M. Stefanos, An AC-to-DC converter with improved input power factor and high power density, IEEE Trans on IA, 1986, Vol.6: 1073~1081
[16] K. H. Liu, Y. L. Lin, Current waveform distortion in power factor correction circuits employing discontinuous-mode boost converters, PESC’89 Record., 20th Annual IEEE, June 1989, Vol.2: 825~829
[17] A. R. Prasad, D. Ziogas, An active power factor correction technique for three phase diode rectifiers, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 1991, Vol.6: 83~92
[18] Mohan V. Aware, Danny Sutanto, Improved controller for power conditioner using high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES), IEEE Trans, Applied Superconductivity, 2003, Vol.13: 38~47
[19] T. Kataoka, K. Mizumachi, A Pulse-Width Controlled AC to DC converter to improve power factor and waveform of AC line current, New York IEEE ISPCC Conf. Record, 1977: 56~60
[20] T.Kataoka, K Mizumachi, A pulsewidth controlled AC-to-DC converter to improve power factor and waveform of AC line current, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicant, 1979, Vol.15: 670~675
[21] Busse Alfred, Holtz Joachim, Multiloop control of a unity power factor fast switching AC to DC converter, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1982: 171~179
[22] Akagi Hirofumi, Instantaneous reactive power compensation comprising switching devices without energy storage components, IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1984, IA-20: 625~630
[23] Green A.W, Boys J T, Gates G F, 3-phase voltage sourced reversible rectifier, IEE proceedings B, Nov. 1988, Vol.135: 362~370 [ 24 ] L.Balogh, R. Redl, Power-factor correction with interleaved boost converters in continuous-inductor- current mode, APEC'93, Eighth Annual, March 1993: 168~174
[25] E. H. Ismail, R. W. Erickson, A single transistor three-phase resonant switch for high quality rectification, Conf. Rec, PESC'92 Record, 23rd Annual IEEE, 1992, Vol.2: 1341~1351
[26] Green.A.W., J.T. Gates, 3-phase voltage sourced reversible rectifier, Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings B see also IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications,Nov. 1988, Vol.135: 362~370
[27] Joos.G., Su Chen, Haddad.K., Four switch three phase active filter with reduced current sensors, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 00.2000 IEEE 31st Annual, Jun.2000, Vol.3: 1318~1323
[28] Maurcio Aredes, Jurgen Hafner, Klemens Heumann, Three-phase four-wire shunt active filter control strategies, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, MAR.1997, Vol.12: 311~317
[29] Lixiang Wei, Chongjian Li, Congwei Liu, Fahai Li, A dual PWM scheme for three-level voltage source converter system with IGBT modules, Industrial Electronics Society, Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1998, Vol.2: 755~760
[30] Kazmierkowski M.P, Malesani L, Current control techniques for three-phase voltage source PWM converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1998, Vol.45: 691~703
[31] Smedley K.M, One-Cycle control of Switching Converters, IEEE Transaction on PE, Nov 1995, Vol.10: 625~633
[32]胡华春,石玉,数字锁相环路原理与应用,上海,上海科学技术出版社,1990:1~10。
[33]万心平,张厥盛,集成锁相环路—原理、特性、应用,北京,人民邮电出版社,1990:1~15
[34] Dr.Roland E Best, Phase-Locked loops: Theory, Design, and Applications, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1984: 343~351
[35]庞浩,云霄,王赞基,一种新型的全数字锁相环,中国电机工程学报,2003年,第23卷(第2期):37~41
[36] Gu H.Jung, Guk C.Cho, Soon W.Hong and Gyu H.Cho, DSP based control of high power static VAr compensator using novel vector product phase locked loop, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC’96 Record, 27th Annual IEEE, 1996, Vol.1: 238~243
[37] Lícia Neto Arruda, Sidelmo Magalh?es Silva, Braz J.Cardoso Filho, PLL Structures for Utility Connected Systems, Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting, Conference of IEEE, 2001, Vol.4: 2655~2660
[38] Z.Lin, J.Wu, X.He, Digital PLL with controllable frequency response time and overshoot, Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC, Oct. 2001: 321~325
[39]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊,TMS320X281x DSP原理与应用,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006年:1~18,171~175,192~194
[40] Yu-Kang LO, Sheng-Yuan OU, Shang-Chin YEN, The Analysis and Elimination of Voltage Imbalance between the Split Capacitors in Half-Bridge Boost Rectifiers, Industrial Electronics, IEEE International Symposium, May 2002, Vol.3: 728~730
[41] Ramesh Srinivasan, Ramesh Oruganti, A Unity Factor Concerter Using Half-Bridge Boost Topology, IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, May 1998, No.3, Vol.13: 487~499
[42] Keel.L.H., Rego.J.I, Bhattacharyya.S.P., A new approach to digital PID controller design IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, April.2003, No.4, Vol.48: 687~692
[43]刘金琨,先进PID控制MATLAB仿真,北京,电子工业出版社,2004年:25~36
[44]何克忠,李伟,计算机控制系统,北京,清华大学出版社,1998年:161~167
[45]陈杰,龚春英,陈新,张喻,双升压式能馈型PWM整流电路[P],中国专利申请号:200710135585.8
[46] Rodriguez, J. R., Dixon, J.W., Espinoza, J. R., Pontt, J.and Lezana, P., PWM regenerative rectifiers: state of the art, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Feb. 2005, No.1, Vol.52: 5~22
[47] B.R. Lin, T.L. Hung, C.H. Huang, Bi-Directional Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier for Power Quality Compensation, IEE Proc. Electr., Power Appl., July 2003, No.4, Vol.150: 397~406
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京,机械工业出版社,2004年:1~5
[3]张崇巍,张兴,PWM整流器及其控制,北京,机械工业出版社,2003年:1~2
[4]丁道宏,电力电子技术,北京,航空工业出版社,1999年:184~185
[5]张森等,冯垛生,一种新颖的能耗制动方法,电力电子技术,1996年,第3期:42~43
[6]宁玉杰,通用变频器的制动功能,冶金自动化,1995年,第3期:37~39
[7]张宝铭,尹松鹤,交流变频调速系统中的能量反馈控制,电气传动自动化,1996年,第3期:38~42
[8]吴隆安,赖寿宏,涂从欢,能量回馈系统的设计与实现,电力电子技术,1995年,第1期:23~24
[9] Key TS, Lai J-S, Comparison of standard and power supply design options for limiting harmonic distortion in power systems, IEEE Trans on Industry Application, 1993, Vol.29: 689~695
[10] IEEE Working Group on Nonsinusoidal Situations, Survey of north American electric utility concerns regarding nonsinusoidal waveforms, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, Vol.11: 73~78
[11] Xu W, Mansour Y, Siggers C, Developing utility harmonic regulations based on IEEE Std 519-B.C. Hydra's Approach, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, Vol.10: 1423~1430
[12]王兆安,杨君,谐波抑制和无功功率补偿,北京,机械工业出版社,1998年:40~43
[13] Sasaki H, Machida T, A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic comgnetic compensation consideration on basic design, IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus& Systems, 1971, No.5, Vol.90: 2009~2019
[14] B.H.Kwon, E.H.Song, Design of current source using 12-phase controlled rectifier, IEEE Proc.Pt.B., 1991, Vol.138: 185~191
[15] M. Stefanos, An AC-to-DC converter with improved input power factor and high power density, IEEE Trans on IA, 1986, Vol.6: 1073~1081
[16] K. H. Liu, Y. L. Lin, Current waveform distortion in power factor correction circuits employing discontinuous-mode boost converters, PESC’89 Record., 20th Annual IEEE, June 1989, Vol.2: 825~829
[17] A. R. Prasad, D. Ziogas, An active power factor correction technique for three phase diode rectifiers, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 1991, Vol.6: 83~92
[18] Mohan V. Aware, Danny Sutanto, Improved controller for power conditioner using high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES), IEEE Trans, Applied Superconductivity, 2003, Vol.13: 38~47
[19] T. Kataoka, K. Mizumachi, A Pulse-Width Controlled AC to DC converter to improve power factor and waveform of AC line current, New York IEEE ISPCC Conf. Record, 1977: 56~60
[20] T.Kataoka, K Mizumachi, A pulsewidth controlled AC-to-DC converter to improve power factor and waveform of AC line current, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicant, 1979, Vol.15: 670~675
[21] Busse Alfred, Holtz Joachim, Multiloop control of a unity power factor fast switching AC to DC converter, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, June 1982: 171~179
[22] Akagi Hirofumi, Instantaneous reactive power compensation comprising switching devices without energy storage components, IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1984, IA-20: 625~630
[23] Green A.W, Boys J T, Gates G F, 3-phase voltage sourced reversible rectifier, IEE proceedings B, Nov. 1988, Vol.135: 362~370 [ 24 ] L.Balogh, R. Redl, Power-factor correction with interleaved boost converters in continuous-inductor- current mode, APEC'93, Eighth Annual, March 1993: 168~174
[25] E. H. Ismail, R. W. Erickson, A single transistor three-phase resonant switch for high quality rectification, Conf. Rec, PESC'92 Record, 23rd Annual IEEE, 1992, Vol.2: 1341~1351
[26] Green.A.W., J.T. Gates, 3-phase voltage sourced reversible rectifier, Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings B see also IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications,Nov. 1988, Vol.135: 362~370
[27] Joos.G., Su Chen, Haddad.K., Four switch three phase active filter with reduced current sensors, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 00.2000 IEEE 31st Annual, Jun.2000, Vol.3: 1318~1323
[28] Maurcio Aredes, Jurgen Hafner, Klemens Heumann, Three-phase four-wire shunt active filter control strategies, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, MAR.1997, Vol.12: 311~317
[29] Lixiang Wei, Chongjian Li, Congwei Liu, Fahai Li, A dual PWM scheme for three-level voltage source converter system with IGBT modules, Industrial Electronics Society, Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1998, Vol.2: 755~760
[30] Kazmierkowski M.P, Malesani L, Current control techniques for three-phase voltage source PWM converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1998, Vol.45: 691~703
[31] Smedley K.M, One-Cycle control of Switching Converters, IEEE Transaction on PE, Nov 1995, Vol.10: 625~633
[32]胡华春,石玉,数字锁相环路原理与应用,上海,上海科学技术出版社,1990:1~10。
[33]万心平,张厥盛,集成锁相环路—原理、特性、应用,北京,人民邮电出版社,1990:1~15
[34] Dr.Roland E Best, Phase-Locked loops: Theory, Design, and Applications, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1984: 343~351
[35]庞浩,云霄,王赞基,一种新型的全数字锁相环,中国电机工程学报,2003年,第23卷(第2期):37~41
[36] Gu H.Jung, Guk C.Cho, Soon W.Hong and Gyu H.Cho, DSP based control of high power static VAr compensator using novel vector product phase locked loop, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC’96 Record, 27th Annual IEEE, 1996, Vol.1: 238~243
[37] Lícia Neto Arruda, Sidelmo Magalh?es Silva, Braz J.Cardoso Filho, PLL Structures for Utility Connected Systems, Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting, Conference of IEEE, 2001, Vol.4: 2655~2660
[38] Z.Lin, J.Wu, X.He, Digital PLL with controllable frequency response time and overshoot, Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC, Oct. 2001: 321~325
[39]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊,TMS320X281x DSP原理与应用,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2006年:1~18,171~175,192~194
[40] Yu-Kang LO, Sheng-Yuan OU, Shang-Chin YEN, The Analysis and Elimination of Voltage Imbalance between the Split Capacitors in Half-Bridge Boost Rectifiers, Industrial Electronics, IEEE International Symposium, May 2002, Vol.3: 728~730
[41] Ramesh Srinivasan, Ramesh Oruganti, A Unity Factor Concerter Using Half-Bridge Boost Topology, IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, May 1998, No.3, Vol.13: 487~499
[42] Keel.L.H., Rego.J.I, Bhattacharyya.S.P., A new approach to digital PID controller design IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, April.2003, No.4, Vol.48: 687~692
[43]刘金琨,先进PID控制MATLAB仿真,北京,电子工业出版社,2004年:25~36
[44]何克忠,李伟,计算机控制系统,北京,清华大学出版社,1998年:161~167
[45]陈杰,龚春英,陈新,张喻,双升压式能馈型PWM整流电路[P],中国专利申请号:200710135585.8
[46] Rodriguez, J. R., Dixon, J.W., Espinoza, J. R., Pontt, J.and Lezana, P., PWM regenerative rectifiers: state of the art, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Feb. 2005, No.1, Vol.52: 5~22
[47] B.R. Lin, T.L. Hung, C.H. Huang, Bi-Directional Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier for Power Quality Compensation, IEE Proc. Electr., Power Appl., July 2003, No.4, Vol.150: 397~406