物流金融服务创新模式研究
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摘要
资金周转是生产、流通企业的生命线,但是由于这样那样的原因,资金链一旦运转不灵,对企业就是致命威胁,这样的例子不胜枚举。与此同时,物流金融作为一种新的融资模式,正在成为业内关注的目标,现代物流发展离不开金融服务的支撑。在国外,物流金融服务早就己经开展,相关的体制和技术也相对成熟。而在国内,一方面,物流金融服务作为一种较新的金融及物流创新服务产品,目前其市场正处于加速上升状态,并具有广大的发展空间。而另一方面,我国物流金融服务的推动者主要是第三方物流企业,物流行业刚刚起步,物流服务水平整体层次不高,这就决定了目前我国物流金融发展水平低下的现状,这也使得物流企业提供的金融服务远不能满足日益增长的市场需求。未来的物流企业谁能掌握金融服务,谁就能成为最终的执牛耳者。这就使得对物流金融服务创新的研究十分必要。
本文从物流金融的产生发展历程出发,分析了物流金融服务的重要性和意义,提出开展物流金融业务是现代物流发展的迫切要求:是第三方物流企业提高自身附加值,提升竞争力的需要;是满足中小企业加快资金周转、银行开展创新业务的需要。
本文对国内外的供应链理论、委托代理理论、交易成本理论、服务创新理论等物流金融服务创新相关的理论成果进行文献研究,从理论上总结和分析物流金融服务创新的基本概念、运作方式和发展环境,界定了研究工作的基本概念体系、构建了研究的基本框架。本文的创新点是:针对供应链中中小企业的运营资本管理模式,运用物流金融的核心理念,构建了基于资金管理、基于动产管理、基于风险管理的物流金融运作模式创新,并在此基础上创造性的提出了物流金融服务模式的创新,从而更清楚、深刻地揭示物流金融的实质及融资优势,并在对物流金融服务模式进行创新分析的基础上,提出发展物流金融的创新模式。最后,根据以上物流金融服务创新动力因素的分析研究对从事物流金融服务的第三方物流企业如何创新提出了几点建议,希望能对第三方物流企业有所启示。
Cash flow is the lifeblood of production and circulation enterprises, but due to all kinds of reasons, the enterprise is threatened once linked funds dysfunctional, there are so many such examples. At the same time, financial logistics as a new financing model is becoming the focus of whole industry, and modern logistics couldn’t develop without the support of financial services. The logistics financial services have been carried out for a long time overseas, relevant institutions and technology are relatively mature. In our country, on the one hand, the logistics financial services as a relatively new financial and logistics innovation services products, market is in a state of accelerated rise and has vast room for development. On the other hand, China logistics financial services is the main promoter of third party logistics enterprises, the logistics industry has just started, and the overall level of logistics services is low, which determines the status quo that China's current low level of logistics financial development, and makes financial services providing by logistics enterprises is far from being able to meet the increasing demands of the market. Future logistics enterprises who can operate financial services will become the ultimate winner, which makes the research of logistics financial services innovation from logistics enterprises’perspective very necessary.
This paper generated from the development course of the financial logistics, and analyzed the importance and significance of financial logistics services. It proposed that carrying out financial business is an urgent need for development of modern logistics, and for the third party logistics enterprises to enhance their own value-added and competitiveness, also for SMEs to speed up cash flow and banks to develop innovative business.
This paper then studied on the logistics financial services innovation related theoretical literature domestic and international such as supply chain theory, agency theory, the transaction cost theory, the service innovation theory etc, theoretical analyzed and summarized the basic concepts, operational modalities and development environment of logistics financial services innovation, also defined the basic concept system and built the basic framework of the study. The innovative point of this paper is using the core concepts of logistics financial to construct logistics financial operation innovative model base on Funds management, movable property management and risk management according to working capital management model of SMEs in the supply chain, and creatively proposed the innovation of logistics financial services model on such base, so as to reveal the real financial logistics and financing advantages more clearly and profoundly, then proposed a innovation model of the logistics financial development on the base of innovative analysis on the logistics financial services. Finally, in accordance with the above motivating factors analysis on logistics financial services innovation, this paper put forward some suggestions on how to innovate in the 3PL enterprises supplying logistics financial services, with hopes to enlighten third party logistics enterprises.
本文从物流金融的产生发展历程出发,分析了物流金融服务的重要性和意义,提出开展物流金融业务是现代物流发展的迫切要求:是第三方物流企业提高自身附加值,提升竞争力的需要;是满足中小企业加快资金周转、银行开展创新业务的需要。
本文对国内外的供应链理论、委托代理理论、交易成本理论、服务创新理论等物流金融服务创新相关的理论成果进行文献研究,从理论上总结和分析物流金融服务创新的基本概念、运作方式和发展环境,界定了研究工作的基本概念体系、构建了研究的基本框架。本文的创新点是:针对供应链中中小企业的运营资本管理模式,运用物流金融的核心理念,构建了基于资金管理、基于动产管理、基于风险管理的物流金融运作模式创新,并在此基础上创造性的提出了物流金融服务模式的创新,从而更清楚、深刻地揭示物流金融的实质及融资优势,并在对物流金融服务模式进行创新分析的基础上,提出发展物流金融的创新模式。最后,根据以上物流金融服务创新动力因素的分析研究对从事物流金融服务的第三方物流企业如何创新提出了几点建议,希望能对第三方物流企业有所启示。
Cash flow is the lifeblood of production and circulation enterprises, but due to all kinds of reasons, the enterprise is threatened once linked funds dysfunctional, there are so many such examples. At the same time, financial logistics as a new financing model is becoming the focus of whole industry, and modern logistics couldn’t develop without the support of financial services. The logistics financial services have been carried out for a long time overseas, relevant institutions and technology are relatively mature. In our country, on the one hand, the logistics financial services as a relatively new financial and logistics innovation services products, market is in a state of accelerated rise and has vast room for development. On the other hand, China logistics financial services is the main promoter of third party logistics enterprises, the logistics industry has just started, and the overall level of logistics services is low, which determines the status quo that China's current low level of logistics financial development, and makes financial services providing by logistics enterprises is far from being able to meet the increasing demands of the market. Future logistics enterprises who can operate financial services will become the ultimate winner, which makes the research of logistics financial services innovation from logistics enterprises’perspective very necessary.
This paper generated from the development course of the financial logistics, and analyzed the importance and significance of financial logistics services. It proposed that carrying out financial business is an urgent need for development of modern logistics, and for the third party logistics enterprises to enhance their own value-added and competitiveness, also for SMEs to speed up cash flow and banks to develop innovative business.
This paper then studied on the logistics financial services innovation related theoretical literature domestic and international such as supply chain theory, agency theory, the transaction cost theory, the service innovation theory etc, theoretical analyzed and summarized the basic concepts, operational modalities and development environment of logistics financial services innovation, also defined the basic concept system and built the basic framework of the study. The innovative point of this paper is using the core concepts of logistics financial to construct logistics financial operation innovative model base on Funds management, movable property management and risk management according to working capital management model of SMEs in the supply chain, and creatively proposed the innovation of logistics financial services model on such base, so as to reveal the real financial logistics and financing advantages more clearly and profoundly, then proposed a innovation model of the logistics financial development on the base of innovative analysis on the logistics financial services. Finally, in accordance with the above motivating factors analysis on logistics financial services innovation, this paper put forward some suggestions on how to innovate in the 3PL enterprises supplying logistics financial services, with hopes to enlighten third party logistics enterprises.
引文
[1]黄福华.现代企业物流管理[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2005.
[2] Rachel Zhang Q. Inventory management with asset-based financing [J]. Management Science, 2004(9):1274-1292.
[3] Weisun , etal. Business models and solution architectures for SMB financing in a supply chain ecosystem [A]. 2004,130-133.
[4] Stiglitz JE, Weiss A. Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information[J].The American Economic Review,1981(3):393-410.
[5] Spence AM. Job market signaling[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1973,87:355-374 .
[6] Rothchild M, Stilitx J Equilibrium in competitive insurance markets: an essay in the economics of imperfect information[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,19763,90:629-649.
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[8] Brueckner JK. Mortgage default with asymmetric information[J].Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,2000,20.251-274.
[9] Berger AN Mortage default with asymmetric information[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,2000,34:13-121.
[10] Kuosmanen T, Post T. Measuring economic efficiency with incomplete price information[J].European Jourmal of Operational Reseach,2003,144:454-457.
[11] Frye J. Collteral damage, a source of systematic credit risk[J].Risk Magazine,2000,21:188-203
[12] Coulter J, Onumah G. The role of warehouse receipt systems in enhanced commodity marketing and rural livelihoods in Africa[J].Food Policy,2002,(4):319-337.
[13] Schwartz E,Smith JE. Short-term variations and long-term dynamics in commodity prices[J].Management Science,2003,(7):893-911.
[14] Hilliard J, Jeis J.Valuation of commodity futures and iptions under stochastric-convenience yields, interest rates, and jump diffusions on the spot[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1998,(1):31-86.
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[16]陈祥锋,石代伦,朱道立,钟颉.融通仓系统结构的研究[J].中国物流与采购,2005,(12).
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[19]钟颉,融通仓在外贸交易中的应用[J].中国物流与采购,2006,(2).
[20]唐保忠,李明柱.开办物资银行开展储贷业务——关于四川省内江市金属材料储贷工作的调查[J].中国物流与采购,1986,(7).
[21]张淮.关于物资银行的设想[J].中国工业经济,1987,(3).
[22]赵明慎.由融资经营到物资银行——物资流通行业开办金融业之构想[J].中国物流与采购,1993,(3).
[23]任文超.物资“银行”及其实践[J].资本市场,1998,(2).
[24]任文超.物资“银行”的构思与操作[J].资本市场,1998,(5)..
[25]任文超.从物资银行到物流银行a [J].中国物流与采购,2006,(9).
[26]任文超.从物资银行到物流银行b [J].中国物流与采购,2006,(10).
[27]邹小芃,唐元琦.物流金融浅析[J].浙江金融,2004,(5).
[28]蒋益辉.我国物流金融理论发展述评[J].商品储运与养护,2007,(5),8-11.
[29]蔺雷、吴贵生.服务创新[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,(27).
[30] Sundbo J,Gallouj F Innovation in service, SI4S Project synthesis Workpackage3/4,19,1998.
[31] Barras R. Towards a theory of innovation in service, Research Policy, 15,1986.
[32] Barras R. Interactive innovation in financial and business services: The vanguard of the service revolution, Research Policy, 19,1990.
[33] John Hauknes, Service In Innocation, Innocation In Service. SI4S Final Report, 1998.
[34]邹小芃,唐元琦.物流金融:物流研究的新领域[J].中国物流与采购,2004,(9).
[35]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000,40-45.
[36]王伟.物流企业战略与模式—宅急送案例评析[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2004,11-12.
[37]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2004,11:403-408.
[38]马丽娟.企业委托代理供应链合作契约设计模型探讨[J].商场现代化,2005,(12):89一90.
[39]储雪俭.初探物流金融的经济学原理[J].物流技术,2006,5:102-104.
[40]周惠中.宏观经济学[M].上海:人民出版社,1997,8:88一90.
[41]杨斌.基于供应链分析的中小企业融资[J].现代企业,2006,3:103.
[42]张钦,张亚红.基于交易成本分析的供应链治理[J].淮阴工学院学报,2005,(8):5一8.
[43] Sundbo J,Gallouj F Innovation in service, SI4S Project synthesis Work 19,1998.
[44]中国代收货款网http://www.100cod.cn/fuwujieshao.html.
[45]资源来源:王慧琴物流金融的机会[N].第一财经日报, 2005-10-18.http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/b/20051018/02002040166.html.
[46]冯耕中.物流金融业务创新分析[J].预测,2007,(26).
[2] Rachel Zhang Q. Inventory management with asset-based financing [J]. Management Science, 2004(9):1274-1292.
[3] Weisun , etal. Business models and solution architectures for SMB financing in a supply chain ecosystem [A]. 2004,130-133.
[4] Stiglitz JE, Weiss A. Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information[J].The American Economic Review,1981(3):393-410.
[5] Spence AM. Job market signaling[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1973,87:355-374 .
[6] Rothchild M, Stilitx J Equilibrium in competitive insurance markets: an essay in the economics of imperfect information[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,19763,90:629-649.
[7] Brueckner JK. Borrower mobility, adverse selection and mortgage points[J].Journal of Financial Intermediation,1994,3:416-441.
[8] Brueckner JK. Mortgage default with asymmetric information[J].Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,2000,20.251-274.
[9] Berger AN Mortage default with asymmetric information[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,2000,34:13-121.
[10] Kuosmanen T, Post T. Measuring economic efficiency with incomplete price information[J].European Jourmal of Operational Reseach,2003,144:454-457.
[11] Frye J. Collteral damage, a source of systematic credit risk[J].Risk Magazine,2000,21:188-203
[12] Coulter J, Onumah G. The role of warehouse receipt systems in enhanced commodity marketing and rural livelihoods in Africa[J].Food Policy,2002,(4):319-337.
[13] Schwartz E,Smith JE. Short-term variations and long-term dynamics in commodity prices[J].Management Science,2003,(7):893-911.
[14] Hilliard J, Jeis J.Valuation of commodity futures and iptions under stochastric-convenience yields, interest rates, and jump diffusions on the spot[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1998,(1):31-86.
[15]陈祥锋,石代伦,朱道立,钟颉.融通仓的由来、概念和发展[J].中国物流与采购,2005,(11).
[16]陈祥锋,石代伦,朱道立,钟颉.融通仓系统结构的研究[J].中国物流与采购,2005,(12).
[17]陈祥锋,石代伦,朱道立,钟颉.融通仓动作模式研究[J].中国物流与采购,2006,(1).
[18]陈祥锋,石代伦,朱道立,钟颉.融通仓系统结构的研究[J].中国物流与采购,2005,(12).
[19]钟颉,融通仓在外贸交易中的应用[J].中国物流与采购,2006,(2).
[20]唐保忠,李明柱.开办物资银行开展储贷业务——关于四川省内江市金属材料储贷工作的调查[J].中国物流与采购,1986,(7).
[21]张淮.关于物资银行的设想[J].中国工业经济,1987,(3).
[22]赵明慎.由融资经营到物资银行——物资流通行业开办金融业之构想[J].中国物流与采购,1993,(3).
[23]任文超.物资“银行”及其实践[J].资本市场,1998,(2).
[24]任文超.物资“银行”的构思与操作[J].资本市场,1998,(5)..
[25]任文超.从物资银行到物流银行a [J].中国物流与采购,2006,(9).
[26]任文超.从物资银行到物流银行b [J].中国物流与采购,2006,(10).
[27]邹小芃,唐元琦.物流金融浅析[J].浙江金融,2004,(5).
[28]蒋益辉.我国物流金融理论发展述评[J].商品储运与养护,2007,(5),8-11.
[29]蔺雷、吴贵生.服务创新[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,(27).
[30] Sundbo J,Gallouj F Innovation in service, SI4S Project synthesis Workpackage3/4,19,1998.
[31] Barras R. Towards a theory of innovation in service, Research Policy, 15,1986.
[32] Barras R. Interactive innovation in financial and business services: The vanguard of the service revolution, Research Policy, 19,1990.
[33] John Hauknes, Service In Innocation, Innocation In Service. SI4S Final Report, 1998.
[34]邹小芃,唐元琦.物流金融:物流研究的新领域[J].中国物流与采购,2004,(9).
[35]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000,40-45.
[36]王伟.物流企业战略与模式—宅急送案例评析[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2004,11-12.
[37]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2004,11:403-408.
[38]马丽娟.企业委托代理供应链合作契约设计模型探讨[J].商场现代化,2005,(12):89一90.
[39]储雪俭.初探物流金融的经济学原理[J].物流技术,2006,5:102-104.
[40]周惠中.宏观经济学[M].上海:人民出版社,1997,8:88一90.
[41]杨斌.基于供应链分析的中小企业融资[J].现代企业,2006,3:103.
[42]张钦,张亚红.基于交易成本分析的供应链治理[J].淮阴工学院学报,2005,(8):5一8.
[43] Sundbo J,Gallouj F Innovation in service, SI4S Project synthesis Work 19,1998.
[44]中国代收货款网http://www.100cod.cn/fuwujieshao.html.
[45]资源来源:王慧琴物流金融的机会[N].第一财经日报, 2005-10-18.http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/b/20051018/02002040166.html.
[46]冯耕中.物流金融业务创新分析[J].预测,2007,(26).