我国农产品物流发展及其支撑体系研究
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摘要
目前由于我国农产品物流发展落后、市场化水平低、物流成本高,我国的农产品在流通环节的损耗率远远高于发达国家,农民没有从流通领域享受到应得的比较利益。传统的流通组织和服务组织也由于功能异化远远不能适应农村经济由封闭到开放的需要。尤其是加入WTO后,外国优质低价的农产品依托其规模庞大的跨国企业和完善的现代农产品物流网络体系大举进入国内市场,对我国农产品生产和流通构成了更加严峻的挑战。
现代物流已成为降低物质消耗与劳动生产率以外的“第三利润源泉”。农产品物流是全社会物流的重要组成部分,它的发展与经济的持续发展密不可分。现代农产品流通体系的建立,必须依赖农产品现代物流。所以必须大力发展农产品物流。
要发展现代农产品物流必须构建强有力的现代农产品物流发展的支撑体系,只有在这个强有力的支撑体系下,才可能使我国的现代农产品物流得到快速、健康发展。从而大大提高我国农产品的国际竞争力,实现农民增收,支撑现代农业的快速健康持续发展和推进社会主义新农村建设。
本文分析了我国农业发展的状况,认为目前大力发展农产品物流是实现农民增收、支撑现代农业的快速健康持续发展和推进社会主义新农村建设重要保证,而农产品物流发展的支撑体系是农产品物流发展的重要基础,从而提出构建我国农产品物流发展的支撑体系。在对当前国内外物流和农产品物流研究进行阐述与分析的基础上做出评价;对农产品物流配送组织交易费用、农产品物流配送领域交易费用的构成、农产品物流配送领域交易费用的影响因素、农产品物流配送组织形成的二维空间理论模型等方面对农产品物流配送组织模式形成机理进行分析;对美国、日本、荷兰等主要国家的农产品物流进行分析和与我国农产品物流现状进行比较分析的基础上,得出相应的启示;结合现代物流产业发展的趋势,剖析了我国农产品物流发展中物流主体的局限和制约农产品物流发展的主要基础性条件;最后在上述分析基础上,提出了从农产品物流发展的基础设施、农产品物流发展的管理水平、农产品物流发展的技术水平、农产品物流发展的物流主体、农产品物流发展的宏观环境五个方面构建适合我国农产品物流发展支撑体系的思路。
At present, owing to the backward development of China's agricultural logistics, the low level of the Market-oriented, the high cost of logistics, the loss rate of agricultural products in the circulation is far higher than that of developed countries, farmers did not enjoy a comparative interests from the circulation area. The traditional circulation organizations and service organizations are far from to meet the needs of the rural economy from closed to open as their function alienation. Especially after China joins the WTO, high quality and low-cost foreign agricultural products entry the domestic market massively rely on their large-scale multinational enterprises and improve the system of modern agricultural logistics network, poses a more serious challenge to the production and circulation of agricultural products in China.
Beside material consumption reduced and labor productivity, modern logistics has become the "third profit source." Agricultural Products Logistics is an important component of the whole society logistics, its development are inseparable to economic development sustained. It must be relied on the modern agricultural products logistics to establish modern circulation system of agricultural products. Therefore, we must vigorously develop the agricultural products logistics.
It must be built a powerful support system of modern logistics development of agricultural products to develop the modern logistics of agricultural products, only rely on this strong support system, China's modern logistics of agricultural products may develop rapidly and healthy. This may enhance the international competitiveness greatly of country's agricultural products, and farmer's income, to support modern agriculture develop rapidly, healthy and sustained, and to promote the process of building the new socialist countryside.
This paper analyzes the situation of China's agricultural development, that to develop logistics of agricultural products vigorously is the important guarantee for increasing farmer's income, and supporting the modern agriculture develop rapidly, healthy sustained, and promoting the process of building the new socialist countryside. But the support system of agricultural products logistics is the most important basis of the development of agricultural products logistics, thereby to construct support system of China's agricultural products logistics. Based on the research of current domestic and foreign logistics and agricultural products logistics give an evaluation; on the agricultural products logistics and distribution organizations transaction costs, transaction costs in and exogenous transaction costs, the component of transaction cost in the field of agricultural products logistics and distribution, the determining factors of transaction costs of agricultural products logistics and distribution, the theoretical model of two-dimensional space of agricultural products logistics and distribution organizations formed, such as agricultural products logistics and distribution aspects of the formation mechanism of organizational model. That Inspiration drawn accordingly based on the comparative analysis of agricultural products logistics of the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands. Finally, analysis the development trends, principles and organizational innovative ideas of modern logistics based on the above statement, put forward the infrastructure, management level, skills, logistics mainstay and macro environment five aspects to construct the suitable support system of the development of China's agricultural products logistics.
现代物流已成为降低物质消耗与劳动生产率以外的“第三利润源泉”。农产品物流是全社会物流的重要组成部分,它的发展与经济的持续发展密不可分。现代农产品流通体系的建立,必须依赖农产品现代物流。所以必须大力发展农产品物流。
要发展现代农产品物流必须构建强有力的现代农产品物流发展的支撑体系,只有在这个强有力的支撑体系下,才可能使我国的现代农产品物流得到快速、健康发展。从而大大提高我国农产品的国际竞争力,实现农民增收,支撑现代农业的快速健康持续发展和推进社会主义新农村建设。
本文分析了我国农业发展的状况,认为目前大力发展农产品物流是实现农民增收、支撑现代农业的快速健康持续发展和推进社会主义新农村建设重要保证,而农产品物流发展的支撑体系是农产品物流发展的重要基础,从而提出构建我国农产品物流发展的支撑体系。在对当前国内外物流和农产品物流研究进行阐述与分析的基础上做出评价;对农产品物流配送组织交易费用、农产品物流配送领域交易费用的构成、农产品物流配送领域交易费用的影响因素、农产品物流配送组织形成的二维空间理论模型等方面对农产品物流配送组织模式形成机理进行分析;对美国、日本、荷兰等主要国家的农产品物流进行分析和与我国农产品物流现状进行比较分析的基础上,得出相应的启示;结合现代物流产业发展的趋势,剖析了我国农产品物流发展中物流主体的局限和制约农产品物流发展的主要基础性条件;最后在上述分析基础上,提出了从农产品物流发展的基础设施、农产品物流发展的管理水平、农产品物流发展的技术水平、农产品物流发展的物流主体、农产品物流发展的宏观环境五个方面构建适合我国农产品物流发展支撑体系的思路。
At present, owing to the backward development of China's agricultural logistics, the low level of the Market-oriented, the high cost of logistics, the loss rate of agricultural products in the circulation is far higher than that of developed countries, farmers did not enjoy a comparative interests from the circulation area. The traditional circulation organizations and service organizations are far from to meet the needs of the rural economy from closed to open as their function alienation. Especially after China joins the WTO, high quality and low-cost foreign agricultural products entry the domestic market massively rely on their large-scale multinational enterprises and improve the system of modern agricultural logistics network, poses a more serious challenge to the production and circulation of agricultural products in China.
Beside material consumption reduced and labor productivity, modern logistics has become the "third profit source." Agricultural Products Logistics is an important component of the whole society logistics, its development are inseparable to economic development sustained. It must be relied on the modern agricultural products logistics to establish modern circulation system of agricultural products. Therefore, we must vigorously develop the agricultural products logistics.
It must be built a powerful support system of modern logistics development of agricultural products to develop the modern logistics of agricultural products, only rely on this strong support system, China's modern logistics of agricultural products may develop rapidly and healthy. This may enhance the international competitiveness greatly of country's agricultural products, and farmer's income, to support modern agriculture develop rapidly, healthy and sustained, and to promote the process of building the new socialist countryside.
This paper analyzes the situation of China's agricultural development, that to develop logistics of agricultural products vigorously is the important guarantee for increasing farmer's income, and supporting the modern agriculture develop rapidly, healthy sustained, and promoting the process of building the new socialist countryside. But the support system of agricultural products logistics is the most important basis of the development of agricultural products logistics, thereby to construct support system of China's agricultural products logistics. Based on the research of current domestic and foreign logistics and agricultural products logistics give an evaluation; on the agricultural products logistics and distribution organizations transaction costs, transaction costs in and exogenous transaction costs, the component of transaction cost in the field of agricultural products logistics and distribution, the determining factors of transaction costs of agricultural products logistics and distribution, the theoretical model of two-dimensional space of agricultural products logistics and distribution organizations formed, such as agricultural products logistics and distribution aspects of the formation mechanism of organizational model. That Inspiration drawn accordingly based on the comparative analysis of agricultural products logistics of the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands. Finally, analysis the development trends, principles and organizational innovative ideas of modern logistics based on the above statement, put forward the infrastructure, management level, skills, logistics mainstay and macro environment five aspects to construct the suitable support system of the development of China's agricultural products logistics.
引文
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[1]李学伟,曾建平,卢勃.中国物流交易模式理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004年,第5-31页.
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