直接空冷机组冷端特性研究
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摘要
随着电力工业的迅速发展,空冷机组作为一种新的节水途径,以节水65%以上的优点,在水资源又非常缺乏的广大西北地区,具有广阔的发展的前景。本文通过对直接空冷系统的结构特点、运行特性以及冷端特性参数的详细介绍,分析了其与湿冷机组结构与运行特点上的不同,同时阐述了由于这些不同引起的机组运行当中的一些问题,并提出了相应的解决方法。全面考虑了直接空冷机组排汽管道的压损,排汽口与凝汽器入口水蒸汽柱高度压差及粗大的排汽管道对环境的散热量,建立数学模型,并计算出直接空冷机组冷端系统的变工况特性数据,作出其冷端系统变工况特性曲线,为空冷机组的优化运行指出了方向。
Along with electric power industry's rapidly expand, Air-cooled unit as a new water-saving way to the more than 65% of water-saving advantages, has the broad development prospect, in the water resources very deficient general Northwestern Region. This paper has analyzed structure and the movement characteristic difference of air-cooled system and wet-cold unit, through to the direct air-cooled system's unique feature, the operating characteristic as well as the cold end characteristic parameter introduced in detail. And it described these different unit operation which caused some problems, and the corresponding solution. This paper has considered comprehensively the direct air-cooled unit exhaust pipeline's pressure loss as well as steam port and water recovery condenser entrance steam column highly differential pressure, has established the mathematical model, And calculates the direct air cooled unit cold end system changes the operating mode characteristic data, then makes its cold end system changes the operating mode characteristic. All these studies have pointed out the direction for the air cooled unit's optimized movement.
Along with electric power industry's rapidly expand, Air-cooled unit as a new water-saving way to the more than 65% of water-saving advantages, has the broad development prospect, in the water resources very deficient general Northwestern Region. This paper has analyzed structure and the movement characteristic difference of air-cooled system and wet-cold unit, through to the direct air-cooled system's unique feature, the operating characteristic as well as the cold end characteristic parameter introduced in detail. And it described these different unit operation which caused some problems, and the corresponding solution. This paper has considered comprehensively the direct air-cooled unit exhaust pipeline's pressure loss as well as steam port and water recovery condenser entrance steam column highly differential pressure, has established the mathematical model, And calculates the direct air cooled unit cold end system changes the operating mode characteristic data, then makes its cold end system changes the operating mode characteristic. All these studies have pointed out the direction for the air cooled unit's optimized movement.
引文
[1]谢林.直接空冷技术的发展和应用[J].电力学报,2006,21(2):186～189
[2]丁尔谋发电厂空冷技术.水力电力出版社.1992
[3]周小谦.加快电力发展,提高能源效率[J].能源政策研究,2006,2:5～13
[4]冯玉朝.600MW直接空冷机组冷端系统结构优化及分析:[硕士论文].能源与动力工程学院,华北电力大学.2008
[5]马义伟.空冷器设计与应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1998
[6]白建云.环境风对直接空冷机组的影响及控制策略研究[j].电力学报,2008,(23)1:34～37
[7]华东六省一市电机工程学会.汽轮机设备及系统[M].中国电力出版社,1999.12
[8]李维特,黄保海.汽轮机变工况热力计算[M].中国电力出版社,2001
[9]山西电力科学研究院.直接空冷机组优化运行技术的探讨[C].第三届空冷机组技术交流会,西安,2008
[10]张新海.对我国空冷机组运行情况的思考[C].第三届空冷机组技术交流会,西安,2008
[11]田亚钊,晋杰.600MW直接空冷机组冬季运行防冻特点[J].电力建设,2006(27),2:4～7 [4]丁尔谋.发电厂空冷技术.水利电力出版社.1992
[12]田亚钊,陈晓峰.直接空冷系统与海勒式间接空冷系统的比较[J].华北电力技术,2006,1:38～41
[13]刘刚.关于自然风对直接空冷机组运行的影响[C].全国火电空冷机组技术交流论文集,大同.2005,163～170
[14]周兰欣,杨靖,杨祥良.300MW直接空冷机组变工况特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(17):78～82
[15]梁秀珍,陈思迈,田亚钊.首台国产600MW直接空冷汽轮机的研制及运行[J].中国电力,2007,40(4):47～53
[16]刘利.大同二电厂600MW直接空冷汽轮机设计特点[J].中国电力,2007,40(6):10～15
[17] E.S米利阿斯.空冷式发电厂[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986
[18]刘志昌.工程流体力学[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1995
[19]杨世铭.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[20]尾花英郎.热交换器设计手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[21]种道彤,刘继平,严俊杰,等.漏空气对凝汽器传热性能影响的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):152～157
[22]王佩璋.解决强热风回流威胁汽轮机停机问题的探讨[J].电力设备,2006 (7) :47～49
[23]张国庆.自然风对直接空冷发电机组的影响和运行建议[J].电力学报,2006 ,2 (21):182～189
[24]顾国新,张新海.全国火电空冷机组技术交流论文集[C].大同:中国电力企业联合会科技服务中心,2005 :17～25
[25]郝小梅.提高空冷机组真空严密性的分析[J].山西电力,2008,2(1):34-35
[26]马庆中,张龙英.直接空冷凝汽器尖峰冷却系统的研究与应用[J].山西电力,2007,12(143):55～57
[27]李树海,赵耀.尖峰冷却器的工程应用[J].内蒙古电力技术,2003,21(6)6～9
[28] Reinhard Joho,Beat Zimmerli etc.Large Air-cooled Turbogenerators:Design Features and Operating Experience.ABB Power Generation Ltd,,Baden,Switzerland.1999
[29] FW Yu BEng. Condensing temperature control to enhance the efficiency of air-cooled chillers [J]. Building Serv. Eng. Res.Technol. 2004, 25 (4) : 279～294
[30] Basile,F,Johnson,GH. Wet surface aircooled steam condensers and auxiliary water cooler at mass power [ J ]. ASME Power,1995, 27: 43～46
[31] Zhifu Gu1Wind tunnel simulation on re-circulation of air-cooled condensers of apower plant[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 93 (2005)
[32] D.G.Wang. Improving cooling efficiency by increasing fan power usage[J]. Microelectronics Journal 31 (2000)
[33] VGB-R131Me,Acceptance Test Measurements and Operation Monitoring of Air-Cooled Condensers Under Vacuum[S]. VGB TECHNISCHE VEREINIGUNG DER GROSS KRAFTWER KSBE TREIBER E.V. 1997
[34] Yang L J,Du X Z,Yang Y P,etal. Influences of Wind on Flow and Heat Transfer of Cooling Aif in Direct Aif-Cooled Condensers.The Eighteenth International Symposium on Transport Phenomena,Daejeon,Korea,2007
[35] Bari E,Noel J Y,Comini G,etal.Air-cooling condensing systems for home and industrial appliances[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,25(10):1446-1458
[36] F Farhadi. New correlation for natural convection of finned tube a-type air-cooler. Applied Thermal Engineering.2005,25:3053～3066
[37] J.A.van Rooyen. Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions.2007
[38] J.R.Bredell. Numerical investigation of fan performance in a forced draft air-cooled steam condenser. Applied Thermal Engineering.2006,26:846～852
[39] S.J.Lee,C.W.Park,Surface-pressure variations on a triangular prism by porous fences in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer, J.Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.1998,(73):45～58
[40] Norbert Berger . Dry Cooling Systems For Large Power Stations [R] . October,1993. Beijing,CHINA
[41] Dr.Steen Liehtenberg. How to avoid overruns and delays successfully-nine basic rules and an associated operable Procedure. Proposed paper to the ICEC Internet Journal Oct.2005
[2]丁尔谋发电厂空冷技术.水力电力出版社.1992
[3]周小谦.加快电力发展,提高能源效率[J].能源政策研究,2006,2:5～13
[4]冯玉朝.600MW直接空冷机组冷端系统结构优化及分析:[硕士论文].能源与动力工程学院,华北电力大学.2008
[5]马义伟.空冷器设计与应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1998
[6]白建云.环境风对直接空冷机组的影响及控制策略研究[j].电力学报,2008,(23)1:34～37
[7]华东六省一市电机工程学会.汽轮机设备及系统[M].中国电力出版社,1999.12
[8]李维特,黄保海.汽轮机变工况热力计算[M].中国电力出版社,2001
[9]山西电力科学研究院.直接空冷机组优化运行技术的探讨[C].第三届空冷机组技术交流会,西安,2008
[10]张新海.对我国空冷机组运行情况的思考[C].第三届空冷机组技术交流会,西安,2008
[11]田亚钊,晋杰.600MW直接空冷机组冬季运行防冻特点[J].电力建设,2006(27),2:4～7 [4]丁尔谋.发电厂空冷技术.水利电力出版社.1992
[12]田亚钊,陈晓峰.直接空冷系统与海勒式间接空冷系统的比较[J].华北电力技术,2006,1:38～41
[13]刘刚.关于自然风对直接空冷机组运行的影响[C].全国火电空冷机组技术交流论文集,大同.2005,163～170
[14]周兰欣,杨靖,杨祥良.300MW直接空冷机组变工况特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(17):78～82
[15]梁秀珍,陈思迈,田亚钊.首台国产600MW直接空冷汽轮机的研制及运行[J].中国电力,2007,40(4):47～53
[16]刘利.大同二电厂600MW直接空冷汽轮机设计特点[J].中国电力,2007,40(6):10～15
[17] E.S米利阿斯.空冷式发电厂[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986
[18]刘志昌.工程流体力学[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1995
[19]杨世铭.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[20]尾花英郎.热交换器设计手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[21]种道彤,刘继平,严俊杰,等.漏空气对凝汽器传热性能影响的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):152～157
[22]王佩璋.解决强热风回流威胁汽轮机停机问题的探讨[J].电力设备,2006 (7) :47～49
[23]张国庆.自然风对直接空冷发电机组的影响和运行建议[J].电力学报,2006 ,2 (21):182～189
[24]顾国新,张新海.全国火电空冷机组技术交流论文集[C].大同:中国电力企业联合会科技服务中心,2005 :17～25
[25]郝小梅.提高空冷机组真空严密性的分析[J].山西电力,2008,2(1):34-35
[26]马庆中,张龙英.直接空冷凝汽器尖峰冷却系统的研究与应用[J].山西电力,2007,12(143):55～57
[27]李树海,赵耀.尖峰冷却器的工程应用[J].内蒙古电力技术,2003,21(6)6～9
[28] Reinhard Joho,Beat Zimmerli etc.Large Air-cooled Turbogenerators:Design Features and Operating Experience.ABB Power Generation Ltd,,Baden,Switzerland.1999
[29] FW Yu BEng. Condensing temperature control to enhance the efficiency of air-cooled chillers [J]. Building Serv. Eng. Res.Technol. 2004, 25 (4) : 279～294
[30] Basile,F,Johnson,GH. Wet surface aircooled steam condensers and auxiliary water cooler at mass power [ J ]. ASME Power,1995, 27: 43～46
[31] Zhifu Gu1Wind tunnel simulation on re-circulation of air-cooled condensers of apower plant[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 93 (2005)
[32] D.G.Wang. Improving cooling efficiency by increasing fan power usage[J]. Microelectronics Journal 31 (2000)
[33] VGB-R131Me,Acceptance Test Measurements and Operation Monitoring of Air-Cooled Condensers Under Vacuum[S]. VGB TECHNISCHE VEREINIGUNG DER GROSS KRAFTWER KSBE TREIBER E.V. 1997
[34] Yang L J,Du X Z,Yang Y P,etal. Influences of Wind on Flow and Heat Transfer of Cooling Aif in Direct Aif-Cooled Condensers.The Eighteenth International Symposium on Transport Phenomena,Daejeon,Korea,2007
[35] Bari E,Noel J Y,Comini G,etal.Air-cooling condensing systems for home and industrial appliances[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,25(10):1446-1458
[36] F Farhadi. New correlation for natural convection of finned tube a-type air-cooler. Applied Thermal Engineering.2005,25:3053～3066
[37] J.A.van Rooyen. Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions.2007
[38] J.R.Bredell. Numerical investigation of fan performance in a forced draft air-cooled steam condenser. Applied Thermal Engineering.2006,26:846～852
[39] S.J.Lee,C.W.Park,Surface-pressure variations on a triangular prism by porous fences in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer, J.Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.1998,(73):45～58
[40] Norbert Berger . Dry Cooling Systems For Large Power Stations [R] . October,1993. Beijing,CHINA
[41] Dr.Steen Liehtenberg. How to avoid overruns and delays successfully-nine basic rules and an associated operable Procedure. Proposed paper to the ICEC Internet Journal Oct.2005