三维总图设计理论及其应用研究
|
摘要
随着三维设计软件技术的发展,其高效的设计方式与现在使用人机绘图相比,无论从质量还是速度上来说,都有着明显的优势。本文在原有平面总图设计的基础上,结合先进的三维软件设计技术,提出了三维总图设计理论和方法,并通过相关总图设计各部分具体的实例应用,对三维总图设计理论进行了诠释与证明。目的是找到一种三维总图设计方法,使它能够大幅度提高设计效率与设计成果的质量,并能够快速投入应用。
论文把土木工程软件CIVIL3D应用于三维总图设计,通过实例验证三维总图设计的可行性与优缺点。论文进行了以下的研究工作:首先利用数字高程模型(DEM)数据建立原始自然地形模型,并对其进行高程、坡度、流域分析;其次对设计地面进行放坡处理与土方工程量计算,并将CIVIL3D应用于机场近、中、远期的用地规划;进而利用CIVIL3D与Google earth数据建立山区DEM,进行厂外道路三维建模设计;最后对机修厂建、构筑物进行三维建模与动画演示。
通过以上的研究,得出以下结论:三维总图设计是未来发展的趋势;CIVIL3D软件应用于三维总图设计有着实用性和可行性;建立原始自然地面模型,通过三角网来进行土方计算,极大的降低了土方计算量和错误率;厂外山区道路三维建模后,道路设计中纵断面与横断面繁琐的数据对照提取工作可以在瞬间完成,并可以根据要求生成道路施工图。通过机修厂实例所创建的三维模型与动画演示,为总图设计成果的多样性及更高水平成果的展示提供了可能。
三维总图设计利用软件智能进行出图,把设计工作与出图分开,极大的减轻了繁琐的绘图工作,使设计师能够投入更多的精力到设计中去。在三维设计环境中,设计师可在计算机屏幕上模拟出所设计的实际情况,对设计各方面的优点和问题进行评价。增强了设计的科学性和可靠性,并能及时发现和纠正设计阶段不易察觉的错误,在设计完成之前就对其进行优化,从而提高设计方案的可行性和实用性,提高了工作效率,设计周期明显缩短。
With the development of three-dimensional design software technology,its efficient design and compared to the use of human-computer graphics now,in terms of quality and speed of speaking,have a distinct advantage.In this paper,based on the general layout theory,combination of the three-dimensional advanced software design technology,raised general layout of three-dimensional and methods,and made a interpretation and proof to the three-dimensional general layout theory through the specific examples of relevant parts of the general layout of the application.The purpose is to find three-dimensional design methods of general layout;it can significantly improve the design efficiency and design quality of results and applications to quickly input.
This article applies CIVIL3D which is Civil Engineering software to the general layout of three-dimensional and uses three-dimensional examples to verify the feasibility of the general layout and the advantages and disadvantages.The paper of the research are as follows:First of all,the use of digital elevation model(DEM) data to establish the original natural terrain model,and its elevation,slope,watershed analysis;. followed by the design of ground slope to deal with in terms of earthworks and Airport civile3d applies to short-,medium-,long-term land-use planning;Use Google earth date and civil3d software to build up DEM of mountain,To establish the three-dimensional road modeling and use it to design;Finally establish the machine repair shop building model and demo animation.
Through the above-mentioned studies,the following conclusions be made:the 3d general layout is the development trend in the future;Applies civi3d software to the three-dimensional general layout has the practicality and feasibility;The establishment of the original natural surface model,through triangulation calculation to carry out earthworks,which greatly reduces the amount of earthwork calculation and the error rate;plant after three-dimensional modeling of mountain roads,road design in the vertical section and cross-sectional data were extracted tedious work can be completed in an instant and can be generated in accordance with the requirements of road construction plans.Through the example of three-dimensional machine rapier factory model and the animation of demonstration,results for the general layout of a higher level of diversity and show the results of possible.
The general layout of three-dimensional is to use intelligent software drawing the working drawings,the design work and a plan to separate the great graphics to reduce the red tape so that designers can allocate more energy to the design.In the three-dimensional design environment,designers can simulate a computer screen designed by the actual situation in various aspects of the design advantages and problems of evaluation.Enhance the design and reliability of the scientific and timely identify and correct the design stage is not easy to detect errors before the design is completed in its optimized design scheme so as to enhance the feasibility and practicality,improved efficiency,design cycle shortened significantly.
论文把土木工程软件CIVIL3D应用于三维总图设计,通过实例验证三维总图设计的可行性与优缺点。论文进行了以下的研究工作:首先利用数字高程模型(DEM)数据建立原始自然地形模型,并对其进行高程、坡度、流域分析;其次对设计地面进行放坡处理与土方工程量计算,并将CIVIL3D应用于机场近、中、远期的用地规划;进而利用CIVIL3D与Google earth数据建立山区DEM,进行厂外道路三维建模设计;最后对机修厂建、构筑物进行三维建模与动画演示。
通过以上的研究,得出以下结论:三维总图设计是未来发展的趋势;CIVIL3D软件应用于三维总图设计有着实用性和可行性;建立原始自然地面模型,通过三角网来进行土方计算,极大的降低了土方计算量和错误率;厂外山区道路三维建模后,道路设计中纵断面与横断面繁琐的数据对照提取工作可以在瞬间完成,并可以根据要求生成道路施工图。通过机修厂实例所创建的三维模型与动画演示,为总图设计成果的多样性及更高水平成果的展示提供了可能。
三维总图设计利用软件智能进行出图,把设计工作与出图分开,极大的减轻了繁琐的绘图工作,使设计师能够投入更多的精力到设计中去。在三维设计环境中,设计师可在计算机屏幕上模拟出所设计的实际情况,对设计各方面的优点和问题进行评价。增强了设计的科学性和可靠性,并能及时发现和纠正设计阶段不易察觉的错误,在设计完成之前就对其进行优化,从而提高设计方案的可行性和实用性,提高了工作效率,设计周期明显缩短。
With the development of three-dimensional design software technology,its efficient design and compared to the use of human-computer graphics now,in terms of quality and speed of speaking,have a distinct advantage.In this paper,based on the general layout theory,combination of the three-dimensional advanced software design technology,raised general layout of three-dimensional and methods,and made a interpretation and proof to the three-dimensional general layout theory through the specific examples of relevant parts of the general layout of the application.The purpose is to find three-dimensional design methods of general layout;it can significantly improve the design efficiency and design quality of results and applications to quickly input.
This article applies CIVIL3D which is Civil Engineering software to the general layout of three-dimensional and uses three-dimensional examples to verify the feasibility of the general layout and the advantages and disadvantages.The paper of the research are as follows:First of all,the use of digital elevation model(DEM) data to establish the original natural terrain model,and its elevation,slope,watershed analysis;. followed by the design of ground slope to deal with in terms of earthworks and Airport civile3d applies to short-,medium-,long-term land-use planning;Use Google earth date and civil3d software to build up DEM of mountain,To establish the three-dimensional road modeling and use it to design;Finally establish the machine repair shop building model and demo animation.
Through the above-mentioned studies,the following conclusions be made:the 3d general layout is the development trend in the future;Applies civi3d software to the three-dimensional general layout has the practicality and feasibility;The establishment of the original natural surface model,through triangulation calculation to carry out earthworks,which greatly reduces the amount of earthwork calculation and the error rate;plant after three-dimensional modeling of mountain roads,road design in the vertical section and cross-sectional data were extracted tedious work can be completed in an instant and can be generated in accordance with the requirements of road construction plans.Through the example of three-dimensional machine rapier factory model and the animation of demonstration,results for the general layout of a higher level of diversity and show the results of possible.
The general layout of three-dimensional is to use intelligent software drawing the working drawings,the design work and a plan to separate the great graphics to reduce the red tape so that designers can allocate more energy to the design.In the three-dimensional design environment,designers can simulate a computer screen designed by the actual situation in various aspects of the design advantages and problems of evaluation.Enhance the design and reliability of the scientific and timely identify and correct the design stage is not easy to detect errors before the design is completed in its optimized design scheme so as to enhance the feasibility and practicality,improved efficiency,design cycle shortened significantly.
引文
[1]尚凤武,鲁尹尚.CAXA创新三维CAD教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[2]崔洪斌.计算机辅助设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[3]Autodesk 客户成功案例,http:/usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=10410792,2007.
[4]Autodesk,CIVIL3D 应用范围 http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=11522232,2008.
[5]Bentley,协同系统简述,http://www.bentley.com/zh-CN/Promo/ProjectWise/Overview.htm?SKID=CEO CN PW BD08,2008.
[6]任耀,秦军.AUTOCAD CIVIL3D2008实战教程,北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[7]里正协同设计平台,http://www.lizheng.com.cn/html/XT/XTPro/xtpro01.shtml,北京里正软件设计研究院,2009.
[8]陈运迪,建设数字城市的重要基石——GIS.[J],计算机教育;2004年04期
[9]数字化管道.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1330393.htm,百度百科,2009.
[10]建筑信息模型.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1788980.htm,百度百科,2009
[11]AutoCAD Civil 3D概述.http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID =1170359&id=9599491,欧特克公司,2009.
[12]AutoCAD Civil 3D系统需求.http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=13146981,欧特克公司,2009.
[13]AutoCAD Civil 3D的十大特点.http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=11206979,欧特克公司,2009
[14]李志林,朱庆著.数字高程模型(第二版).武昌:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[15]秦军,王廷熙.Autodesk Revit Architecture2008实战全攻略.北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[16]谢步瀛.AutoCAD土木工程制图.北京:清华大学出版社、北京交通大学出版社,2007.
[17]鲁英灿,康玉芬.AutoCAD核心建模技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[18]雷明.工业企业总平面设计.陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.
[19]中国建设执业网.场地与建筑设计(作图).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[20]叶列平.土木工程科学前沿.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[21]袁绍晚,张新长.三维模型及其在城市道路横断面设计中的应用,地理信息世界,2005年06期
[22]深圳市索维思达软件咨询有限公司.Autodesk Civil 3D应用于总图专业的优秀工具,中冶南方工程技术有限公司——用户成功故事,施工技术.2007年04期.
[23]J.A.Tompkins,J.A.White.Facilities PlanningWiley.New York 1982
[24]Mahmoud Halfawy,Component-Based Framework forImplementing Integrated Architectural/Engineering/ConstructionProject Systems[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,21(6),ASCE,2007.
[25]Dianne Davis.LEAN,Green and Seen(The Issues of SocietalNeeds,Business Drivers and Converging Technologies Are MakingBIMAn Inevitable Method of Delivery and Management of the BuiltEnvironment)[J].Journal of Building InformationModeling(JBIM),Fall 2007.
[26]Thomas Liebich.IFC Overview(Status of Standardization,Implementation,and Use of Model-Based Work Together with IFC).AEC 3Ltd.,2002(5).
[27]Richard Muther.Systematic Layout Planning.CBI Publishing.Company Inc 1973
[28]Rob Howard,Bo-Christer Bjork.Building Information Models-Expert s Views on BIM/IFC Developments.2007.
[29]卢才武,陈永锋.基于图元的总图信息管理系统,西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003年03期.
[30]Autodesk Civil 3D——设计院与工程师的满意选择,CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2007年06期
[31]靳铭宇.浅析Autodesk Revit在中国的发展及局限性,华中建筑,2008年01期.
[32]熊志坚,张雷.三维场地设计与土方平衡的计算机实现.中国建筑科学研究院,施工技术,2008年2期.
[33]冯永富.Autodesk Civil 3D:工程场地设计的优秀工具,施工企业管理,2007年02期.
[34]刘照球,李云贵.建筑信息模型的发展及其在设计中的应用,建筑科学,2009 年01期.
[35]傅筱,建筑信息模型带来的设计思维和方法的转型,南京大学建筑学报,2009年01期.
[36]何照明;肖伟;住宅建设应重视总图设计,中外建筑,2000年02期.
[37]徐其福,数字高程模型在公路勘测设计中的应用,山西,山西科技2002年6期.
[2]崔洪斌.计算机辅助设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[3]Autodesk 客户成功案例,http:/usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=10410792,2007.
[4]Autodesk,CIVIL3D 应用范围 http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=11522232,2008.
[5]Bentley,协同系统简述,http://www.bentley.com/zh-CN/Promo/ProjectWise/Overview.htm?SKID=CEO CN PW BD08,2008.
[6]任耀,秦军.AUTOCAD CIVIL3D2008实战教程,北京:人民交通出版社,2008.
[7]里正协同设计平台,http://www.lizheng.com.cn/html/XT/XTPro/xtpro01.shtml,北京里正软件设计研究院,2009.
[8]陈运迪,建设数字城市的重要基石——GIS.[J],计算机教育;2004年04期
[9]数字化管道.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1330393.htm,百度百科,2009.
[10]建筑信息模型.http://baike.baidu.com/view/1788980.htm,百度百科,2009
[11]AutoCAD Civil 3D概述.http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID =1170359&id=9599491,欧特克公司,2009.
[12]AutoCAD Civil 3D系统需求.http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=13146981,欧特克公司,2009.
[13]AutoCAD Civil 3D的十大特点.http://www.autodesk.com.cn/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1170359&id=11206979,欧特克公司,2009
[14]李志林,朱庆著.数字高程模型(第二版).武昌:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[15]秦军,王廷熙.Autodesk Revit Architecture2008实战全攻略.北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[16]谢步瀛.AutoCAD土木工程制图.北京:清华大学出版社、北京交通大学出版社,2007.
[17]鲁英灿,康玉芬.AutoCAD核心建模技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[18]雷明.工业企业总平面设计.陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.
[19]中国建设执业网.场地与建筑设计(作图).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[20]叶列平.土木工程科学前沿.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[21]袁绍晚,张新长.三维模型及其在城市道路横断面设计中的应用,地理信息世界,2005年06期
[22]深圳市索维思达软件咨询有限公司.Autodesk Civil 3D应用于总图专业的优秀工具,中冶南方工程技术有限公司——用户成功故事,施工技术.2007年04期.
[23]J.A.Tompkins,J.A.White.Facilities PlanningWiley.New York 1982
[24]Mahmoud Halfawy,Component-Based Framework forImplementing Integrated Architectural/Engineering/ConstructionProject Systems[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,21(6),ASCE,2007.
[25]Dianne Davis.LEAN,Green and Seen(The Issues of SocietalNeeds,Business Drivers and Converging Technologies Are MakingBIMAn Inevitable Method of Delivery and Management of the BuiltEnvironment)[J].Journal of Building InformationModeling(JBIM),Fall 2007.
[26]Thomas Liebich.IFC Overview(Status of Standardization,Implementation,and Use of Model-Based Work Together with IFC).AEC 3Ltd.,2002(5).
[27]Richard Muther.Systematic Layout Planning.CBI Publishing.Company Inc 1973
[28]Rob Howard,Bo-Christer Bjork.Building Information Models-Expert s Views on BIM/IFC Developments.2007.
[29]卢才武,陈永锋.基于图元的总图信息管理系统,西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003年03期.
[30]Autodesk Civil 3D——设计院与工程师的满意选择,CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2007年06期
[31]靳铭宇.浅析Autodesk Revit在中国的发展及局限性,华中建筑,2008年01期.
[32]熊志坚,张雷.三维场地设计与土方平衡的计算机实现.中国建筑科学研究院,施工技术,2008年2期.
[33]冯永富.Autodesk Civil 3D:工程场地设计的优秀工具,施工企业管理,2007年02期.
[34]刘照球,李云贵.建筑信息模型的发展及其在设计中的应用,建筑科学,2009 年01期.
[35]傅筱,建筑信息模型带来的设计思维和方法的转型,南京大学建筑学报,2009年01期.
[36]何照明;肖伟;住宅建设应重视总图设计,中外建筑,2000年02期.
[37]徐其福,数字高程模型在公路勘测设计中的应用,山西,山西科技2002年6期.