我国生态城市建设问题研究
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摘要
城市是人类的主要聚集地,是政治、经济、文化发展的中心。随着城市的不断发展,它给我们带来了巨大的物质财富与精神文明的享受。但是,同时也造成了城市人口膨胀、交通拥挤、土地资源紧张、环境污染严重、能源紧缺等“城市病”。为了寻求城市的可持续发展,人们一直在探索一条经济高效、社会进步、生态文明的和谐发展道路。生态城市的提出恰恰符合人们的要求,也顺应了未来城市的发展趋势,于是生态城市建设的呼声也就越来越高。生态城市的建设有助于搞好城市的合理规划和布局、完善城市基础设施建设、改善居住环境;有助于人们生活质量的提高;有助于协调好城市社会、经济、环境发展的关系;有助于提升城市的整体素质和可持续发展能力。它同时也贯彻了党的十七大报告提出的生态文明精神,对构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会具有重大意义。
本文对生态城市的概念、内涵、特征、建设原则和建设内容进行阐述,结合国内外生态城市的研究成果,借鉴他们的成功经验,针对目前我国生态城市建设存在的问题提出相应对策。全文由五部分构成。第一部分:生态城市的研究背景、意义、国内外研究现状及研究内容;第二部分:生态城市的相关理论及国内外建设的成功经验;第三部分:研究我国生态城市发展现状,分析取得的成就与存在的问题,并对问题产生的原因进行剖析;第四部分:我国生态城市建设的相应对策;第五部分:结论部分。包括本文的创新点、生态城市建设问题的深层次研究及前景展望。
研究中得出,生态城市的建设是致力于城市人类与自然资源的和谐共处,致力于城市社会、经济和生态关系的协调和可持续发展。只要我们充满信心,坚持不懈,采用正确的方法与措施,生态城市的建设目标一定可以实现。
City is the main gathering of humanity and the center of politics, economy and cultural development. With the development of cities, it gives us great material wealth and spiritual civilization. However, it also causes much“urban disease”, such as population expansion, traffic congestion, strained land resources, serious environmental pollution and energy deficiency. In order to pursue cities' sustainable development, people have been exploring a harmonious developmental path of high efficiency, social progress and ecological civilization. Eco-city is in line with people's requirements, also conforms to the trend of the future development of cities. Therefore, the voice of eco-city construction is increasingly high. Eco-city construction will help to improve cities' rational planning and layout, the urban infrastructure and living environment; to enhance quality of people's lives; to coordinate the relationships of urban social, economic and environmental development; to raise cities' overall quality and the capacity of sustainable development. Meanwhile, it also carries out the spirit of ecological civilization which is proposed by the seventeenth party congress report, has great significance for building a resource-saving and environment friendly society.
This paper elaborates the concept, connotation, features, construction principles and content of eco-city, combined with the research results at home and abroad, drawing on their successful experience, so as to make corresponding countermeasures for the present problems of eco-city construction in china. The paper consists of five parts. Part I: it includes the background, significance, research present status of eco-city at home and aboard and the research content; Part II: the basic theory of eco-city and the successful experiences at home and aboard; Part III: study the status of Chinese urban development, analyze the achievements and existing problems and find out the reasons that cause many urban disease; Part IV: the corresponding countermeasures of Chinese eco-city building; Part V: conclusion. It includes the innovation, the problems needed to study further and the prospect of eco-city construction.
The study concludes that the construction of eco-city is committed to the harmonious coexistence of human and natural resources, the harmonious relationships and sustainable development of urban society, economy and ecology. As long as we are confident and persistent, the goal of eco-city construction will be able to achieve by using the right methods and measures.
本文对生态城市的概念、内涵、特征、建设原则和建设内容进行阐述,结合国内外生态城市的研究成果,借鉴他们的成功经验,针对目前我国生态城市建设存在的问题提出相应对策。全文由五部分构成。第一部分:生态城市的研究背景、意义、国内外研究现状及研究内容;第二部分:生态城市的相关理论及国内外建设的成功经验;第三部分:研究我国生态城市发展现状,分析取得的成就与存在的问题,并对问题产生的原因进行剖析;第四部分:我国生态城市建设的相应对策;第五部分:结论部分。包括本文的创新点、生态城市建设问题的深层次研究及前景展望。
研究中得出,生态城市的建设是致力于城市人类与自然资源的和谐共处,致力于城市社会、经济和生态关系的协调和可持续发展。只要我们充满信心,坚持不懈,采用正确的方法与措施,生态城市的建设目标一定可以实现。
City is the main gathering of humanity and the center of politics, economy and cultural development. With the development of cities, it gives us great material wealth and spiritual civilization. However, it also causes much“urban disease”, such as population expansion, traffic congestion, strained land resources, serious environmental pollution and energy deficiency. In order to pursue cities' sustainable development, people have been exploring a harmonious developmental path of high efficiency, social progress and ecological civilization. Eco-city is in line with people's requirements, also conforms to the trend of the future development of cities. Therefore, the voice of eco-city construction is increasingly high. Eco-city construction will help to improve cities' rational planning and layout, the urban infrastructure and living environment; to enhance quality of people's lives; to coordinate the relationships of urban social, economic and environmental development; to raise cities' overall quality and the capacity of sustainable development. Meanwhile, it also carries out the spirit of ecological civilization which is proposed by the seventeenth party congress report, has great significance for building a resource-saving and environment friendly society.
This paper elaborates the concept, connotation, features, construction principles and content of eco-city, combined with the research results at home and abroad, drawing on their successful experience, so as to make corresponding countermeasures for the present problems of eco-city construction in china. The paper consists of five parts. Part I: it includes the background, significance, research present status of eco-city at home and aboard and the research content; Part II: the basic theory of eco-city and the successful experiences at home and aboard; Part III: study the status of Chinese urban development, analyze the achievements and existing problems and find out the reasons that cause many urban disease; Part IV: the corresponding countermeasures of Chinese eco-city building; Part V: conclusion. It includes the innovation, the problems needed to study further and the prospect of eco-city construction.
The study concludes that the construction of eco-city is committed to the harmonious coexistence of human and natural resources, the harmonious relationships and sustainable development of urban society, economy and ecology. As long as we are confident and persistent, the goal of eco-city construction will be able to achieve by using the right methods and measures.
引文
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[31]中华人民共和国国家统计局.城镇固定资产投资情况.2009-12-26
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[34]孙海群.中国建筑耗能的现状及解决对策研究.中国新技术新产品.2009 (9): 29-33
[35]曲格平.关于大气污染防治法修订草案的说明.人民日报,2004-8-24(3)
[36]钱易,唐孝炎.环境保护与可持续发展.北京:高等教育出版社,2002:90
[37]傅崇兰,陈光庭,董黎明等.中国城市发展问题报告.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003:53
[38] [法]阿梅尔·余埃特著,庄晨燕译.21世纪的城市问题.上海城市发展.2005(4):1-5
[39]黄国和,陈冰,秦肖生.现代城市“病”诊断、防治与生态调控的初步构想.厦门理工学院学报.2006, 14(3):1-10
[40]程信和,李挚萍.可持续发展—经济法的理念更新和制度创新.学术研究.2001(2):74
[41]曾国祥.可持续发展与税收.北京:中国经济出版社,2000: 22、98
[42]张庆彩,吴椒军.国外生态城市建设立法经验及其对中国的启示.环境科学与管理.2008, 33(3):16-24
[43]王千.基于生态城市理论的塘沽生态城市建设研究:(硕士学位论文).西北农林科技大学.2007:47
[44]沈清基.城市生态与城市环境.上海:同济大学出版社,2004:157
[45]姜旭.生态城市建设水平评价和措施研究:(硕士学位论文).吉林大学.2005:
[2]国家统计局综合司.新中国60周年系列报告之十:城市社会经济发展日新月异.2008:1
[3]吴人坚.建设有中国特色的生态城市.环境导报.2001(3):39-41
[4] O.Yanitsky.Social problems of Man’s Environment.The city and Ecology.1987(l):174-181
[5]王祥荣,吴人坚,张浩等.中国城市生态环境问题报告.南京:江苏人民出版社,2006:28
[6]王祥荣.生态建设论—中外城市生态建设比较分析.南京:东南大学出版社,2004:30
[7] Richard Register.Eco-cities. IN CONTEXT(a quarterly of humane sustainable culture).1984(4):31
[8] R.Register.Village Wisdom/Future city.R.Register,B.Peeks.The Third International Eco-city and Eco-village Conference,Oakland,CA,USA,1996:26-29
[9] Roseland.Dimension of the Eco-city.Elsevier Science.1997, 14(4):197-202
[10]马世骏,王如松.社会—经济—自然复合生态系统.生态学报.1984, 4(1):1-9
[11]王如松,欧阳云志.天城合一:山水城建设的人类生态学原理.现代城市研究.1996(1):13-17
[12]黄光宇,陈勇.生态城市概念及其规划设计方法研究.城市规划.1997, 124(6): 17-20
[13]宋永昌,戚仁海,由文辉等.生态城市的指标体系与评价方法.城市环境与生态城市.1999, 12(5):16
[14]黄肇义,杨东援.国内外生态城市理论研究综述.城市规划.2001, 25(1):65
[15]陈勇.生态城市理念解析.城市发展研究.2001, 8(1):15-19
[16]董宪军.生态城市论.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002:114-125
[17]黄肇义,杨东援.巴西生态之都库里蒂巴.生态经济.2003(4):54-55
[18]黄肇义,杨东援.国外生态城市建设实例.国外城市规划.2001(3):36
[19]王祥荣.生态建设论—中外城市生态建设比较分析.南京:东南大学出版社,2004:53-54
[20]大连市政府.大连生态市建设规划(2009-2020).2009:1-9
[21]戴学章,姜卉.大连生态城市建设的回顾与思考.大连干部学刊.2009, 25(7):11-13
[22]鞠美庭,王勇,孟伟庆等.生态城市建设的理论与实践.北京:化学工业出版社,2007:8
[23] Jan Van Geldrop , Lees Withagen . Natural Capital and Sustainability . Ecological Econo- mics.2000(32):445-455
[24] Werner Hediger.Sustainable Development and Social Welfare.Ecological Economics.2000(32): 481-482
[25]高鸿业.西方经济学.北京:中国经济出版社,2000:58
[26]陈勇.哈利法克斯生态城开发模式及规划.国外城市规划.2001(3):39-42
[27]童明.城市政策研究思想模式的转型.城市规划学刊.2002(1):4-8
[28]孙施文.中国的城市化之路怎么走.城市规划学刊.2005(3): 9-17
[29]毛其智.中国城市发展现状及展望.中国科学院院刊.2009, 24(4):379-385
[30]中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究中心.城市蓝皮书.北京:中国社会科学文献出版社,2009:9-12
[31]中华人民共和国国家统计局.城镇固定资产投资情况.2009-12-26
[32]中华人民共和国国家统计局.2009年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.2010-2-25
[33]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2009.北京:中国统计出版社,2009:348-362
[34]孙海群.中国建筑耗能的现状及解决对策研究.中国新技术新产品.2009 (9): 29-33
[35]曲格平.关于大气污染防治法修订草案的说明.人民日报,2004-8-24(3)
[36]钱易,唐孝炎.环境保护与可持续发展.北京:高等教育出版社,2002:90
[37]傅崇兰,陈光庭,董黎明等.中国城市发展问题报告.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003:53
[38] [法]阿梅尔·余埃特著,庄晨燕译.21世纪的城市问题.上海城市发展.2005(4):1-5
[39]黄国和,陈冰,秦肖生.现代城市“病”诊断、防治与生态调控的初步构想.厦门理工学院学报.2006, 14(3):1-10
[40]程信和,李挚萍.可持续发展—经济法的理念更新和制度创新.学术研究.2001(2):74
[41]曾国祥.可持续发展与税收.北京:中国经济出版社,2000: 22、98
[42]张庆彩,吴椒军.国外生态城市建设立法经验及其对中国的启示.环境科学与管理.2008, 33(3):16-24
[43]王千.基于生态城市理论的塘沽生态城市建设研究:(硕士学位论文).西北农林科技大学.2007:47
[44]沈清基.城市生态与城市环境.上海:同济大学出版社,2004:157
[45]姜旭.生态城市建设水平评价和措施研究:(硕士学位论文).吉林大学.2005: