艺术的“非同一性”
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摘要
特奥多·威森格隆特·阿多诺是20世纪西方著名的哲学家、美学家,法兰克福学派第一代成员中的重要代表人物。在他的美学思想中,艺术有一种类似拯救的功能,并且他把审美的现代主义规定为内心世界拯救的一种类型,因此有人称他的美学为救赎美学。他所处的时代,人们经受了两次世界大战的创伤,犹太人面临灭绝的惨痛外,还面临着资本主义社会所谓的“和解”,当下人的生存状态成为一个主要问题。面对二十世纪,阿多诺开始追问:文明化的历史到底是什么?为什么当人类步入了文明的状态时却飞快地落入一种新的野蛮状态之中?正是“奥斯维辛”的惨剧引导阿多诺对启蒙提出哲学上的拷问,阿多诺认为这是启蒙理性、总体性、同一性全面压制非同一性的结果,阿多诺对此进行了勇敢的斥拒与对抗。所以说,阿多诺的哲学是以对同一性的批判建构起来的,而非同一性就成为阿多诺哲学理论的鲜明主题。
本文认为阿多诺童年所受到的良好音乐熏陶以及中年对与奥斯维辛的沉痛记忆是他非同一性哲学得以生成的个人生活背景,他在这里找的了希望,他还把自己的思考引向了文化艺术领域。现代艺术通过对现实的否定,展示现实中的无意义性、荒谬性来反衬艺术的真理性内容。启蒙理性成为工具理性时,人类主体性力量随之而膨胀,导致了对客体的控制和支配,进入垄断资本主义时期,文化工业的兴起,导致了艺术的蜕变,艺术沦为商品经济的附庸,堕落为同一性的意识形态,阿多诺认为只有艺术才具有拯救的力量。本文认为这种艺术救赎只是精神上的一种和解,他想要建构的理想美学只是乌托邦的幻象。
在第一章中本文主要论述了阿多诺对启蒙理性和同一性哲学批判,在批判的同时,阿多诺也建立了自己的哲学——非同一性哲学。在第二章中从哲学认识论上论述了非同一性哲学,重点解释了“星丛”辩证法。第三章从自然美和现代艺术的特征方面阐述了艺术的“非同一性”,阿多诺认为只有艺术中的“非同一性”才能对抗这个同一性的现实世界,在第四章中论述了艺术对虚假同一性世界的救赎。
Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno who is an important representative of the first generation of Frankfurt School is one of the West renowned philosopher and esthetician in the 20th century. In his esthetics thought, art has the function which one kind saves similarly, and he the esthetic modernism stipulated saves one kind of type for the inner world, therefore some people called his esthetics for redeems esthetics. In the period Adorno lived, people underwent the trauma in the two world wars and the grieved suffering of Jew's extermination. Besides this, they also faced this so-called capitalistic "reconciliation". The existence situation of the contemporary became an important problem. Facing the 20th century, Adorno starts to closely examine: What is the civilizing history? When why the humanity did march into the civilized condition very fast falls actually in one new barbaric condition? The tragedy guides the Arab League multi-promises to propose in philosophy interrogating and torturing to the initiation Adorno considered that this resulted from that enlighten rationality, totality and identity suppressed non-identity all out. Adorno bravely blames and resists identity. In a word, Adorno builds his existence theory, from beginning to the end, with criticism about identity as the clue, and with resistance to identity as the striking topic in process of his thinking.
his article thinks that Adorno's well-educated music edification in his childhood and his grieved memory of Jew being oppressed by Fascist in his middle age are his personal life background in which the non-identity philosophy thinking can be generated. He looked for the hope in here, he also coursed own ponder the cultural art domain. He looked for the hope in here, and he also coursed own ponder the cultural art domain. Modernism art, through showing pointless, does not there is not proper arrangement, lining truth content absurdly with art of reality.
When the enlightening rationality moved toward the tool rationality, expansion of human subjectivity led to the object of control and domination. To enter the period of monopoly capitalism, the rise of cultural industries, has led to the evolution of art. Art become a vassal of the commodity economy and degenerated into the ideology of identity. Adorno believes that only art that has the power to save. This article holds that the salvation of this art is a kind of spiritual reconciliation, an ideal Utopia that he wanted to build is only illusion aesthetics.
In first chapter of this article mainly elaborated Adorno critique initiation rationality and identical philosophy, during critique, Adorno has also established own philosophy - non-identical philosophy. Elaborated the non-identical philosophy in the second chapter from the philosophy epistemology, explained "the star clump" with emphasis the diagnostic method. Third chapter elaborated from the natural beauty and the modern art characteristic aspect art "the non-identity", Adorno reveals only then in art "the non-identity" to be able to resist this identical real world, elaborated art in the fourth chapter to false identical world redeeming.
In the period Adorno lived, people underwent the trauma in the two world wars and the grieved suffering of Jew's extermination. Besides this, they also faced this so-called capitalistic "reconciliation". The existence situation of the contemporary became an important problem. Adorno considered that this resulted from that enlighten rationality, totality and identity suppressed non-identity all out. Adorno bravely blames and resists identity. In a word, Adorno builds his existence theory, from beginning to the end, with criticism about identity as the clue, and with resistance to identity as the striking topic in process of his thinking. This article thinks that Adorno's well-educated music edification in his childhood and his grieved memory of Jew being oppressed by Fascist in his middle age are his personal life background in which the non-identity philosophy thinking can be generated.
Adorno's discussion on the social reality is not only on the philosophic level, but also culture and art. When the enlightening rationality moved toward the tool rationality, expansion of human subjectivity led to the object of control and domination. To enter the period of monopoly capitalism, the rise of cultural industries, has led to the evolution of art. Art become a vassal of the commodity economy and degenerated into the ideology of identity. Adorno believes that only art that has the power to save. This article holds that the salvation of this art is a kind of spiritual reconciliation, an ideal utopia that he wanted to build is only illusion aesthetics.
本文认为阿多诺童年所受到的良好音乐熏陶以及中年对与奥斯维辛的沉痛记忆是他非同一性哲学得以生成的个人生活背景,他在这里找的了希望,他还把自己的思考引向了文化艺术领域。现代艺术通过对现实的否定,展示现实中的无意义性、荒谬性来反衬艺术的真理性内容。启蒙理性成为工具理性时,人类主体性力量随之而膨胀,导致了对客体的控制和支配,进入垄断资本主义时期,文化工业的兴起,导致了艺术的蜕变,艺术沦为商品经济的附庸,堕落为同一性的意识形态,阿多诺认为只有艺术才具有拯救的力量。本文认为这种艺术救赎只是精神上的一种和解,他想要建构的理想美学只是乌托邦的幻象。
在第一章中本文主要论述了阿多诺对启蒙理性和同一性哲学批判,在批判的同时,阿多诺也建立了自己的哲学——非同一性哲学。在第二章中从哲学认识论上论述了非同一性哲学,重点解释了“星丛”辩证法。第三章从自然美和现代艺术的特征方面阐述了艺术的“非同一性”,阿多诺认为只有艺术中的“非同一性”才能对抗这个同一性的现实世界,在第四章中论述了艺术对虚假同一性世界的救赎。
Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno who is an important representative of the first generation of Frankfurt School is one of the West renowned philosopher and esthetician in the 20th century. In his esthetics thought, art has the function which one kind saves similarly, and he the esthetic modernism stipulated saves one kind of type for the inner world, therefore some people called his esthetics for redeems esthetics. In the period Adorno lived, people underwent the trauma in the two world wars and the grieved suffering of Jew's extermination. Besides this, they also faced this so-called capitalistic "reconciliation". The existence situation of the contemporary became an important problem. Facing the 20th century, Adorno starts to closely examine: What is the civilizing history? When why the humanity did march into the civilized condition very fast falls actually in one new barbaric condition? The tragedy guides the Arab League multi-promises to propose in philosophy interrogating and torturing to the initiation Adorno considered that this resulted from that enlighten rationality, totality and identity suppressed non-identity all out. Adorno bravely blames and resists identity. In a word, Adorno builds his existence theory, from beginning to the end, with criticism about identity as the clue, and with resistance to identity as the striking topic in process of his thinking.
his article thinks that Adorno's well-educated music edification in his childhood and his grieved memory of Jew being oppressed by Fascist in his middle age are his personal life background in which the non-identity philosophy thinking can be generated. He looked for the hope in here, he also coursed own ponder the cultural art domain. He looked for the hope in here, and he also coursed own ponder the cultural art domain. Modernism art, through showing pointless, does not there is not proper arrangement, lining truth content absurdly with art of reality.
When the enlightening rationality moved toward the tool rationality, expansion of human subjectivity led to the object of control and domination. To enter the period of monopoly capitalism, the rise of cultural industries, has led to the evolution of art. Art become a vassal of the commodity economy and degenerated into the ideology of identity. Adorno believes that only art that has the power to save. This article holds that the salvation of this art is a kind of spiritual reconciliation, an ideal Utopia that he wanted to build is only illusion aesthetics.
In first chapter of this article mainly elaborated Adorno critique initiation rationality and identical philosophy, during critique, Adorno has also established own philosophy - non-identical philosophy. Elaborated the non-identical philosophy in the second chapter from the philosophy epistemology, explained "the star clump" with emphasis the diagnostic method. Third chapter elaborated from the natural beauty and the modern art characteristic aspect art "the non-identity", Adorno reveals only then in art "the non-identity" to be able to resist this identical real world, elaborated art in the fourth chapter to false identical world redeeming.
In the period Adorno lived, people underwent the trauma in the two world wars and the grieved suffering of Jew's extermination. Besides this, they also faced this so-called capitalistic "reconciliation". The existence situation of the contemporary became an important problem. Adorno considered that this resulted from that enlighten rationality, totality and identity suppressed non-identity all out. Adorno bravely blames and resists identity. In a word, Adorno builds his existence theory, from beginning to the end, with criticism about identity as the clue, and with resistance to identity as the striking topic in process of his thinking. This article thinks that Adorno's well-educated music edification in his childhood and his grieved memory of Jew being oppressed by Fascist in his middle age are his personal life background in which the non-identity philosophy thinking can be generated.
Adorno's discussion on the social reality is not only on the philosophic level, but also culture and art. When the enlightening rationality moved toward the tool rationality, expansion of human subjectivity led to the object of control and domination. To enter the period of monopoly capitalism, the rise of cultural industries, has led to the evolution of art. Art become a vassal of the commodity economy and degenerated into the ideology of identity. Adorno believes that only art that has the power to save. This article holds that the salvation of this art is a kind of spiritual reconciliation, an ideal utopia that he wanted to build is only illusion aesthetics.
引文
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[3]同上
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[3]同上
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[5]同上
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[4]同上
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