中国瘤姬蜂亚科分类研究

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英文题名：A Taxonomic Study on the Subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from China 作者：刘经贤 论文级别：博士 学科专业名称：农业昆虫与害虫防治 中文关键词：膜翅目 ; 姬蜂科 ; 瘤姬蜂亚科 ; 新属 ; 新种 ; 新亚种 ; 新记录 ; 中国 英文关键词：Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Pimplinae ; new genus ; new species ; new subspecies ; new record ; Lepidoptera ; Coleoptera ; China 学位年度：2009 导师：陈学新 学科代码：090402 学位授予单位：浙江大学 论文提交日期：2009-06-01 答辩委员会主席：吴孔明

摘要

瘤姬蜂亚科Pimplinae隶属于膜翅目Hymenoptera细腰亚目Apocrita姬蜂科Ichneumonidae。本亚科大部分种类为鳞翅目、鞘翅目等类群的寄生性天敌,在农林害虫自然控制中有着重要的作用。本文对中国瘤姬蜂亚科的种类进行了研究和整理,包括总论和各论两个部分。
     总论部分回顾了瘤姬蜂亚科的研究历史,简述了本亚科的分类沿革与分类系统、形态学特征、生物学及其寄主范围等以及属级单元在我国和世界的分布。
     各论部分主要根据Gauld等(2002)的分类系统,从浙江大学寄生蜂标本馆馆藏的5000多号瘤姬蜂亚科标本中,鉴定出该亚科3族50属246种,加上文献已有记载我们手头上无标本的82种(其中分布台湾省的有48种),共记述了328种,其中包括1新属,57新种,2新亚种,4新记录属,49新记录种。各族、属级分类单元都列有文献引证、特征简述、寄主和分布等信息。编制了分族、分属及分种检索表。对作者实际研究过的246种做了详细的描述,并且附有特征图,大部分种类还列有相关寄主记录,对部分种类进行了修订。新分类单元和新记录如下:
     新属:扁股姬蜂属Collapsifemura gen.nov.(分布河南、浙江)
     新种:光瘤顶姬蜂,新种Acropimpla laevitubercula sp.nov.;泰顺顶姬蜂,新种Acropimpla taishunensissp.nov.;小眼曲姬蜂,新种Scambus parviocellus sp.nov.;青藏曲姬蜂,新种Scambus qingzangensis sp.nov.;甘肃非姬蜂,新种Afrephialtes gansuensis sp.nov.;厚瓣汤姬蜂,新种Townesia crassata sp.nov.;等脉兜姬蜂,新种Dolichomitus aequivenus sp.nov.;天目山兜姬蜂,新种Dolichomitus tianmushanensis sp.nov.;窝沟闭臀姬蜂,新种Clistopyga foveata sp.nov.;林氏闭臀姬蜂,新种Clistopyga lini sp.nov.;赤闭臀姬蜂,新种Clistopyga rubra sp.nov.;陕西裂臀姬蜂,新种Schizopyga shaaxiensis sp.nov.;强脊裂臀姬蜂,新种Schizopyga validicarinata sp.nov.;云南裂臀姬蜂,新种Schizopyga yunnanensis sp.nov.;方柄大食姬蜂,新种Zabrachypus quadratus sp.nov.;等短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus aequatus sp.nov.;夹皱短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus alternatus sp.nov.;窄颜短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus angustus sp.nov.;汇短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus convergens sp.nov.;梵净山短食姬蜂,新种Bracgyzapus fanjingshanensis sp.nov.;贵州短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus guizhouensis sp.nov.;光短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus levigatus sp.nov.;长脊短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus longicarinatus sp.nov.;秦岭短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus qinlingensissp.nov.;壮短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus robustus sp.nov.;皱短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus rugulosus sp.nov.;神农架短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus shennongjiaensis sp.nov.;刻条短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus striatussp.nov.;余氏短食姬蜂,新种Brachyzapus yui sp.nov.;凹脸三瘤姬蜂,新种Chablisea concava sp.nov.;杂色三瘤姬蜂,新种Chablisea varicolor sp.nov.;两色锤跗姬蜂,新种Acrodactyla bicolor sp.nov.;短颊锤跗节姬蜂,新种Acrodactyla brachygena sp.nov.;短脉锤跗姬蜂,新种Acrodactyla brevivena sp.nov.;弯脊锤跗姬蜂,新种Acrodactyla infracta sp.nov.;马氏锤跗姬蜂,新种Acrodactyla maae sp.nov.;小锤跗姬蜂,新种Acrodactyla parva sp.nov.;叶氏扁股姬蜂,新种Collapsifemura yei sp.nov.;红胸毁蛛姬蜂,新种Sinarachna rufithorax sp.nov.;四川毁蛛姬蜂,新种Sinarachna sichuanensis sp.nov.;针尾多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota acuminata sp.nov.;脊颜多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota carina sp.nov.;隆背多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota convexa sp.nov.;额斑多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota fuscimaculata sp.nov.;长腿多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota longifemura sp.nov.;黑柄多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota nigriscape sp.nov.;花胫多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota pictitibia sp.nov.;红盾多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota rufiscutellaris sp.nov.;红多印姬蜂,新种Zatypota rutilana sp.nov.;皱胸尖裂姬蜂,新种Oxyrrhexis rugosus sp.nov.;陕西尖裂姬蜂,新种Oxyrrhexisshaanxiensis sp.nov;红背嗜蛛姬蜂,新种Polysphincta rufinotum sp.nov.;云南嗜蛛姬蜂,新种Polysphincta yunnanensis sp.nov.;弱脊囊爪姬蜂,新种Theronia debilicostula sp.nov.;浅凹囊爪姬蜂,新种Theronia emarginata sp.nov.;隆额上囊爪姬蜂,新种Epitheronia fronticonvexa sp.nov.;许氏黑点瘤姬蜂,新种Xanthopimpla xui sp.nov.。
     新亚种:指突白眶姬蜂宁夏亚种,新亚种Perithous digitalis ningxiaensis ssp.nov.;秀尾黑点瘤姬蜂李氏亚种,新亚种Xanthopimpla attenuata lii ssp.nov.。
     新记录属:无脊姬蜂属Alophosternum Cushman,1933(分布吉林)、巨姬蜂属Megaetaira Gauld &Dubois,2006(分布浙江、广东)、短尾囊爪姬蜂属Augerella Gupta.1962(分布云南)、上囊爪姬蜂Epitheronia Gupta.1962(分布广西)。
     新记录种:颚德姬蜂Delomerista mandibularis(Gravenhorst,1829);黑基无脊姬蜂Alophosternumnigricoxis Zwakhals,1987;糙顶姬蜂Acropimpla aspera Gupta & Tikar 1976;双斑顶姬蜂Acropimpladidyma(Gravenhorst,1829);密点顶姬蜂Acropimpla punctata Baltazar,1961;环跗粗爪姬蜂Endromopodaannulitarsis(Ashmead,1906);芦苇粗爪姬蜂Endromopoda phragmitidis(Perkins,1957);红胸曲姬蜂Scambus flavicrus Gupta & Tikar,1968;弗氏曲姬蜂Scambus foliae(Cushman,1938);空曲姬蜂Scambusinanis(Schrank,1802);印度曲姬蜂Scambus indicus Gupta & Tikar,1968;线足曲姬蜂Scambus lineipes(Morley,1913);黑曲姬蜂Scambus nigricans(Thomson,1877);刻条曲姬蜂Scambus striatus Gupta & Tikar,1968;康爱姬蜂Exeristes kamrupa(Gupta & Tikar,1976);黑斑黄瘤姬蜂芒亚种Flavopimpla nigromaculatamangae Betrem;匙长尾姬蜂Ephialtes spatulatus(Townes,1960);卷蛾光瘤姬蜂Liotryphon laspeyresiae(Uchida,1932);点光瘤姬蜂Liotryphon punctulatus(Ratzeburg,1848);果卷蛾光瘤姬蜂Lionyphonstrobilellae(Linnaeus,1758);壮足兜姬蜂Dolichomitus classipes(Thomson,1877);帅兜姬蜂Dolichomitusimperator(Kriechbaumer,1854);克氏兜姬蜂Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri(schulz,1906);线聚蛛姬蜂Tromatobia lineatoria(Villers,1789);斑胸聚蛛姬蜂Tromatobia maculata Momoi,1970;饰聚蛛姬蜂Tromatobia ornata(Gravenhorst,1829);变聚蛛姬蜂Tromatobia variabilis(Holmgren,1856);红腹闭臀姬蜂Clistopyga rufator Holmgren,1856;圈裂臀姬蜂Schizopyga circulator(Panzer,1800);黄额裂臀姬蜂Schizopyga flavifrontalis(Uchida & Momoi,1959);斑额裂臀姬蜂Schizopyga pictifrons(Thomson,1877);窄腹短食姬蜂Brachyzapus tenuiabdominalis(Uchida,1941);杂锤跗姬蜂Acrodactyla degener Haliday,1938;润巨姬蜂Megaetaira madida(Haliday,1838);尼氏斜脉姬蜂Reclinervellus nielseni(Roman,1923);瘤凸斜脉姬蜂Reclinelwellus tuberculatus(Uchida,1932);毛盾多印姬蜂Zatypota anomala(Holmgren,1860);花领多印姬蜂Zatypota picticollis(Thomson,1888);东方短尾囊爪姬蜂喜马拉雅亚种Augerellaorientalis himalayensis(Gupta,1962);光囊爪姬蜂黑足亚种Theronia laevigata nigra Uchida,1928;光腰黑点瘤姬蜂端黑亚种Xanthopimpla calva calcis Townes & Chiu,1970;顶黑点瘤姬蜂指名亚种Xanthopimpla fastigiata fastigiata Krieger,1915;曲纹黑点瘤姬蜂指名亚种Xanthopimpla curvimaculatacurvimaculata(cameron,1899);阿波罗黑瘤姬蜂Pimpla apollyon Morley,1913;棕黑瘤姬蜂黑纹亚种Pimpla brunnea negros(Gupta & Saxena,1987);股黑瘤姬蜂Pimpla femorella Kasparyan,1974;缅甸黑瘤姬蜂Pimpla burmensis(Gupta & Saxena,1987);红腹黑瘤姬蜂Pimpla apricaria Costa,1885。
The subfamily Pimplinae is a moderately large group of Ichneumonidae including approximately 1.500 described species of about 75 genera.The majority of Pimplinae are ectoparasitoids of immature Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.Many species of the subfamily are very important in natural control of agricultural and forest pests.The species of subfamily Pimplinae from China are revised in the present work.This dissertation comprises two parts,general part and taxonomic part.The general part is mainly about taxonomic history, morphology,biology and biogeography of Pimplinae while the taxonomic part contains three chapters corresponding to three tribes of the subfamily Pimplinae from China.
     In the taxonomic part,about 246 species of 50 genera in three tribes from China are recognized and described with illustrations based on more than 5000 specimens,of which one genus,fifty seven species and two subspecies are new to science,and four genera and forty nine species are recorded from China for the first time.Host ranges of most species are listed.Taxonomic status and nomenclature of some species are revised. Information of general characters,distribution and hosts are provided for each tribe and genus.Keys to tribes, genera and species are also provided.In addition,eighty two species previously known from China are listed but no specimens were available for this study.
     Types are all deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection of Zhejiang University.The new and newly reorded taxa are listed as follows:
     New genus:Collapsifemura gen.nov.(type species:Collapsifemura yei sp.nov.)
     New species:Acropimpla laevitubercula sp.nov.;Acropimpla taishunensis sp.nov.;Scambus parviocellus sp.nov.;Scambus qingzangensis sp.nov.;Afrephialtes gansuensis sp.nov.;Townesia crassata sp. nov.;Dolichomitus aequivenus sp.nov.;Dolichomitus tianmushanensis sp.nov.;Clistopyga foveata sp.nov.; Clistopyga lini sp.nov.;Clistopyga rubra sp.nov.;Schizopyga shaaxiensis sp.nov.;Schizopyga validicarinata sp.nov.;Schizopyga yunnanensis sp.nov.;Zabrachypus quadratus sp.nov.;Brachyzapus aequatus sp.nov.; Brachyzapus alternatus sp.nov.;Brachyzapus angustus sp.nov.;Brachyzapus convergens sp.nov.; Bracgyzapus fanjingshanensis sp.nov.;Brachyzapus guizhouensis sp.nov.;Brachyzapus levigatus sp.nov.; Brachyzapus longicarinatus sp.nov.;Brachyzapus qinlingensis sp.nov.;Brachyzapus robustus sp.nov.; Brachyzapus rugulosus sp.nov.;Brachyzapus shennongjiaensis sp.nov.;Brachyzapus striatus sp.nov.; Brachyzapus yui sp.nov.;Chablisea concava sp.nov.;Chablisea varicolor sp.nov.;Acrodactyla bicolor sp. nov.;Acrodactyla brachygena sp.nov.;Acrodactyla brevivena sp.nov.:Acrodactyla infracta sp.nov.; Acrodactyla maae sp.nov.;Acrodactyla parva sp.nov.;Collapsifemura yei sp.nov.;Sinarachna rufithorax sp. nov.;Sinarachna sichuanensis sp.nov.;Zatypota acuminata sp.nov.;Zatypota carina sp.nov.;Zatypota convexa sp.nov.;Zatypota fuscimaculata sp.nov.;Zatypota longifemura sp.nov.;Zatypota nigriscape sp. nov.;Zatypota pictitibia sp.nov.;Zatypota rufiscutellaris sp.nov.;Zatypota rutilana sp.nov.;Oxyrrhexis rugosus sp.nov.;Oxyrrhexis shaanxiensis sp.nov;Polysphincta rufinotum sp.nov.;Polysphincta yunnanensis sp.nov.;Theronia debilicostula sp.nov.;Theronia emarginata sp.nov.;Epitheronia fronticonvexa sp.nov.; and Xanthopimpla xui sp.nov.
     New subspecies:Perithous digitalis ningxiaensis ssp.nov.;and Xanthopimpla attenuata lii ssp.nov.
     Genera new to China:Alophosternum Cushman.1933;Megaetaira Guald & Dubios.2006;Augerella Gupta,1962;and Epitheronia Gupta,1962.
     Species new to China:Delomerista mandibularis(Gravenhorst,1829);Alophosternum nigricoxis Zwakhals.1987;Acropimpla aspera Gupta & Tikar 1976;Acropimpla didyma(Gravenhorst.1829); Acropimpla punctata Baltazar,1961;Endromopoda annulitarsis(Ashmead.1906);Endromopoda phragmitidis(Perkins,1957);Scambus flavicrus Gupta & Tikar.1968;Scambus foliae(Cushman.1938); Scambus inanis(Schrank,1802);Scambus indicus Gupta & Tikar,1968;Scambus lineipes(Morley,1913); Scambus nigricans(Thomson,1877):Scambus striatus Gupta & Tikar.1968;Exeristes kamrupa(Gupta & Tikar,1976);Flavopimpla nigromaculata mangae Betrem,,1932;Ephialtes spatulatus(Townes.1960): Liotryphon laspeyresiae(Uchida,1932);Liotryphon punctulatus(Ratzeburg.1848);Liotryphon strobilellae (Linnaeus,1758);Dolichomitus crassipes(Thomson.1877);Dolichomitus imperator(Kriechbaumer,1854); Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri(Schulz.1906);Tromatobia lineatoria(Villers.1789);Tromatobia maculata Momoi,1970;Tromatobia ornata(Gravenhorst,1829):Tromatobia variabilis(Holmgren,1856);Clistopyga rufator Holmgren.1856;Schizopyga flavifrontalis(Uchida & Momoi,1959);Schizopyga pictifrons(Thomson. 1877);Brachyzapus tenuiabdominalis(Uchida,1941);Acrodactyla degener Haliday,1938;Megaetaira madida(Haliday,1838);Reclinervellus nielseni(Roman.1923);Reclinervellus tuberculatus(Uchida,1932); Zatypota anomala(Holmgren.1860):Zatypota picticollis(Thomson.1888);Augerella orientalis himalayensis (Gupta.1962);Theronia laevigata nigra Uchida.1928;Xanthopimpla calva calcis Townes & Chiu.1970; Xanthopimpla fastigiata fastigiata Krieger,1915;Xanthopimpla curvimaculata curvimaculata(Cameron. 1899);Pimpla apollyon Morley.1913;Pimpla brunnea negros(Gupta & Saxena,1987);Pimpla femorella Kasparyan,1974;Pimpla burmensis(Gupta & Saxena,1987);and Pimpla apricaria Costa,1885.

引文

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