数字水印技术在视频认证中的应用和实现
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摘要
随着计算机计算能力的迅速提高,计算机的普及以及Internet的迅速发展,个人信息的安全性变得越来越脆弱,传统的数据加密技术可以部分地克服信息的随意散布,但随着破译技术的迅速发展,几乎所有的数据加密技术都一样的处于危机边缘。保护数字产品的知识产权和阻止盗版已经成为数字产品和网络应用面临的严峻问题。
数字水印技术作为一种数字多媒体保护技术,近些年来发展迅速,被公认为是解决多媒体信息安全的一种重要手段。数字水印技术可以用于版权保护,多媒体认证等方面。相对于图像水印技术,视频水印技术的发展相对落后。本文重点研究基于MPEG-4的视频认证技术,包括视频内容认证和视频完整性认证。并对提出的算法进行了仿真试验。本文主要工作如下:
第一:首先对数字水印技术进行了比较全面的概括,介绍了数字水印技术的现状,分类以及应用,接着介绍了数字视频水印技术的特性与视频认证技术,视频认证技术以及视频认证技术的分类和实现方法。
第二:提出一种基于能量关系的视频内容认证改进算法,根据视频内容特征自适应判别标准的数字水印改进算法,选择纹理比较均匀的区域进而提高了水印的不可见性,提高算法的鲁棒性,结合视频编解码标准实现数字水印嵌入和提取,大大提高了算法的执行效率。
第三:受扩展频谱通信理论的启发,提出一种基于扩展频谱的数字水印方案。针对传统水印嵌入技术受普通图像处理操作的影响,水印容易丧失这一难题,将传统的水印扩散到一个广泛的频率范围,使得在任何频率单元上的能量都很弱,几乎发现不了,巧妙地解决了如何维持水印不可见性的这一难题!
With the rapid enhancement of the compute ability and the fast development of Internet,the security of personal message becomes dangerous more and more .Although the conventional data encryption techniques maybe partially prevent the work be unauthorized released .almost all the data encryption technologies are crisis with the rapid enchance of the edciphering technique .The protection of digital products to prevent pircay of intellectual property rights and become the application of digital products and networks are facing grave problems.
As a method for digital multimedia protection ,digital watermarking has developed rapidly in recent years and it has been regarded as effective solution to solve the security prolbem of multimedia .Digital watermarking is used for copyright protection,authentication of multimedia and so on.However,currently available video watermarking technique is far beyond mature yet compared with the still image watermarking.This thesis focused on video authentication watermarking algorithm including content authentication and complete authentication based on MPEG-4.Experiments are performed to test the effectiveness of proposed algorithms .The main research work and contributions of this thesis are summarized as follows:
First : First of all,digital watermarking technology to more comprehensive overview on the status of digital watermarking technology,classification and application,and introduced the watermarking technology for digital video features and video features and video authentication,video authentication technology,as well as the classification of video authentication technology and implementation.
Second: A video based on the relationship between energy content authentication algorithm adaptive pattern characteristic of video content identification stadards to improve the watermarking algorithm ,select the uniform texture of the region does not increase the visibility of the watermark to enhance the robustness of algorithms,combined with video codec standards realization of watermark embedding and extraction,greatly enhance the efficiency of algorithm implementation.
Third:by the Spread spectrum communication theory inspired,The impact of the traditional watermark embedding technology by the general image processing operation by the impact of this problem can easily be lost watermark, a digital watermarking scheme be made based Spread spectrum.The proliferation of traditional watermark to a wide frequency range,is the frequency unit in any of the energy are very weak and almost can not be found,cleverly solved the watermark is not how to the problem.of maintain visibility.
数字水印技术作为一种数字多媒体保护技术,近些年来发展迅速,被公认为是解决多媒体信息安全的一种重要手段。数字水印技术可以用于版权保护,多媒体认证等方面。相对于图像水印技术,视频水印技术的发展相对落后。本文重点研究基于MPEG-4的视频认证技术,包括视频内容认证和视频完整性认证。并对提出的算法进行了仿真试验。本文主要工作如下:
第一:首先对数字水印技术进行了比较全面的概括,介绍了数字水印技术的现状,分类以及应用,接着介绍了数字视频水印技术的特性与视频认证技术,视频认证技术以及视频认证技术的分类和实现方法。
第二:提出一种基于能量关系的视频内容认证改进算法,根据视频内容特征自适应判别标准的数字水印改进算法,选择纹理比较均匀的区域进而提高了水印的不可见性,提高算法的鲁棒性,结合视频编解码标准实现数字水印嵌入和提取,大大提高了算法的执行效率。
第三:受扩展频谱通信理论的启发,提出一种基于扩展频谱的数字水印方案。针对传统水印嵌入技术受普通图像处理操作的影响,水印容易丧失这一难题,将传统的水印扩散到一个广泛的频率范围,使得在任何频率单元上的能量都很弱,几乎发现不了,巧妙地解决了如何维持水印不可见性的这一难题!
With the rapid enhancement of the compute ability and the fast development of Internet,the security of personal message becomes dangerous more and more .Although the conventional data encryption techniques maybe partially prevent the work be unauthorized released .almost all the data encryption technologies are crisis with the rapid enchance of the edciphering technique .The protection of digital products to prevent pircay of intellectual property rights and become the application of digital products and networks are facing grave problems.
As a method for digital multimedia protection ,digital watermarking has developed rapidly in recent years and it has been regarded as effective solution to solve the security prolbem of multimedia .Digital watermarking is used for copyright protection,authentication of multimedia and so on.However,currently available video watermarking technique is far beyond mature yet compared with the still image watermarking.This thesis focused on video authentication watermarking algorithm including content authentication and complete authentication based on MPEG-4.Experiments are performed to test the effectiveness of proposed algorithms .The main research work and contributions of this thesis are summarized as follows:
First : First of all,digital watermarking technology to more comprehensive overview on the status of digital watermarking technology,classification and application,and introduced the watermarking technology for digital video features and video features and video authentication,video authentication technology,as well as the classification of video authentication technology and implementation.
Second: A video based on the relationship between energy content authentication algorithm adaptive pattern characteristic of video content identification stadards to improve the watermarking algorithm ,select the uniform texture of the region does not increase the visibility of the watermark to enhance the robustness of algorithms,combined with video codec standards realization of watermark embedding and extraction,greatly enhance the efficiency of algorithm implementation.
Third:by the Spread spectrum communication theory inspired,The impact of the traditional watermark embedding technology by the general image processing operation by the impact of this problem can easily be lost watermark, a digital watermarking scheme be made based Spread spectrum.The proliferation of traditional watermark to a wide frequency range,is the frequency unit in any of the energy are very weak and almost can not be found,cleverly solved the watermark is not how to the problem.of maintain visibility.
引文
[1]Moulin P,Sulivan J O.Information-theoretic analysis of watermarking Proceedings of the International Conference on Aconstics,Speech,and Signal Processing,2000 6:3630-3633
[2]Chen B,Wornell G W.Quantization index modulation:A class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding to appeat.in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
[3]Arena S;Carama,M;Lancini R,“Digital watermarking applied to MPEG-2 coded video sequences exploiting space and frequency masking”,Image Processing 2000.Proceedings.2000 international Conference on,Volume;1,2000.pp438-441
[4]Z.M.Lu,Q.M.Ge and X.M.Niu,Robust Adaptive Video Watermarking in the Spetial Domain.The 5th International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM’2003),Shenzhen,China,June1-5,2003;1875-1880
[5]Q.M.Ge,Z.M.Lu and X.M.Liu.Obilivious Video Watermarking Scheme with Adaptive Embedding Mechanism.The Second International Conference on Machine Leaning and Cyberntics,November 2-5,2003,Sheraton hotel,Xi’an,China,2867-2881
[6]Su,K;Kundur,D;Hatzinakos,D,“A content-dependent spatially localized video watermark for resistance to collusion and interpolation attacks”,Image Processing,2001.Procedings,2001 international Conference on,Volume;1,2001,pp818-821
[7]Swanson M D,Zhu B,Tewfik A H.Multiresolution Scenebased video watermarking using perceptual models.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1998540-550.
[8]O’Ruanaidh J,Dowling W,Boland F.Phase watermarking of digital images. In:Proc of ICIP.1996;3:239～242.
[9]J.P.M.G Linnartz and M.van Dijk.Analysis of the sensitivity attacks against electronic watermarks in images ,In;Aucsmith[20],259～272
[10]M.Maes.Twin peaks;The histogram attack on fixed depth image watermarks.In:Aucsmith[20],pp.218～238
[11]钟玉琢,王琪,贺玉文。基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准-MPEG科学出版社,2000
[12]董绍锋,郭宝龙。基于加密和水印的MPEG-4流媒体版权保护方法。微电子学与计算机,VOL。123,No6。
[13] Kundur D and Hatzinakos D.A robust digital image watermarking method using wavelet-based fusion.Pro.of 1997 IEEE Int.Conf.Image Processing,Vol.1:544-547
[14] Napadon K.Multiresolution based watermarking for copyright protection.The University of Texas at Arlington [Doctor paper],2001.
[15]邹潇湘,彭聪,李锦涛,李书昌。视频水印技术工程。工程图学学报。2002,Vol。3:169-179。
[16]谢健全,阳春华。视频数字水印技术研究综述。湖南财经高等专科学校校报。2006,Vol。22(102)。
[17]刘少峰.视频数字水印的研究与应用[D].北京邮电大学.2007年.
[18]刘琪.MPEG-4视频水印技术的研究与实现[D].沈阳工业大学. 2006年
[19]王炳锡,陈琦,邓峰。说子水印技术。西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[21]汪小帆,戴跃伟,茅耀斌。信息隐藏技术。北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[22]张文军,孙军编著。现代图象信息压缩技术。北京:科学出版社
[23] ISO/IEC 13818-2。[1995] Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information-Part2:Video
[24]钟玉琢[等]编译。MPEG-2运动图象压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展。清华大学出版社
[25]邹潇湘,彭聪,李锦涛,刘书昌。视频水印技术研究。工程图学学报
[26] G.C.Langelaar,R,L.Lagendijk,J.Biemond.Real-time Labeling Methods for MPEG Compressed Video。18th Symposium on Information Thoery in the Benelux,Veldhoven。The Netherlands。1997:15-16
[28] Chin-Hauan Tzeng,Wen-Hsiang Tsai.A new Technique for Authentication of Image/Video for Multimedia Applications[J].Signal Processing,2001;66
[29] Wu M,Liu B.Watermarking for image authentication [C].In:Processding of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Chicago,Illinois,1998
[30] E.T.Lin.C.I.Podilchuk,E,J.Delp.Detection of image alterations using semi-fragile watermarks[A].Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II[C].San Jose,California,USA,Jan 2000,152-163
[31]B.G.Mobasseri,A,T. Evans,Content-dependent video authentication by self-watermarking in color space.SPIE Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III,San Jose,January 21-26-2001
[32] Y.Dai,S,Thiemert,M.Steinebach.Feature-based watermarking scheme for MPEG-I/II Video authentication,SPIE vol.5301,2004
[33] Iwan Setyawan,R.L.Lagendijk.Low bit-rate video watermarking using temporallyextended differential energy watermarking(DEW) algorithm,Proceedings of the SPIE,Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III,San Jose,2001,Vol.4314,73-84
[34]陈生潭,侯振华,王虹现。双重认证的变换域图像半脆弱数字水印算法。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报。2005,17(5)
[35]杨德刚,陈永红,杨华千,韦鹏程。在数字图像中嵌入多水印的算法研究。计算机工程与应用。2005.21
[36]马义德,陆福相。一种多重数字水印技术。计算机工程与应用。2004
[37]王金伟,戴跃伟,王执铨。一种置换DCT域中频系数的盲视频水印算法。南京理工大学学报。2005
[38] Hernondez J.R,Amado M,Perez Gonza lez F.DCT-Domain watermarking techniques for still images:Detector performance analysis and a new structure [J].IEEE Trans on Image Processing,2000,9(1):55-68
[39]施化吉,翁正铃,李星毅。基于MPEG-I/II视频内容认证的半脆弱水印方案[J],计算机工程,2006.32(14):160-162
[40]曹华,周敬利,余胜生,等。基于H.264低比特率视频流的半脆弱盲水印算法实现[J].电子学报,2006,34(1):40-44
[41]Wieg and T,Sullivan G J,Bjontetaard G,et al.Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard[J].IEEE Trans on Cirecurits Systerms for Video Technology,2003,13(17)
[42]侯振华,陈生潭。用于图像认证的半脆弱性数字水印。电视技术。2003,257(11):88-91
[43]张永平,郭宝龙,陈龙谭。一种定位精度可伸缩的认证水印算法[J].中国图像图形学(特刊),2003:8(A)
[43]张静,张春田,用于图像认证的数字水印技术[J].中国图形图像学报。2003:4(4)
[44]华先胜,石青云。易损数字水印若干问题的研究[J].中国图像图形学报,2001:6(5)
[45] Jae Yeon Park,Jae Hyuck Lim,Gyung Soon Kim et al.Invertible Semi-Fragile Watermarking Algorithm Distinguishing MPEG-2 Compression.Malicious Manipulation Dongguk University,IEEE,2002:18-19
[46] Dittmann J Steinmetz,A Steinmetz.R Content-Based Digital Signature for Motion Pictures Authentication and Content-Fragile Watermarking[C].In:IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems,Vol2,1999-07-11
[47] Dajun He,Qibin Sun& Qi Tian.A Semi-fragile Object Based Video Authentication System Circuits and Systems[C].In:Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium,ISCAS 03,vol3,2003-03:814-817
[48]张志涌,徐彦琴。MATLAB教程-基于6.X版本。北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:259-274
[49]李承恕,赵荣黎。扩展频谱通信。北京:人民邮电出版社,1995
[50]王炳锡,陈琦等。数字水印技术。西安电子科技大学出版社。
[51]Q.M.Ge,Z.M.Lu and X.M.Liu.Oblivious Video Watermarking Scheme with Adaptive Emvedding Mechanism.The Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybemetics,November 2-5,2003,Sheraton hotel,Xi’an,china,2867-288
[2]Chen B,Wornell G W.Quantization index modulation:A class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding to appeat.in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
[3]Arena S;Carama,M;Lancini R,“Digital watermarking applied to MPEG-2 coded video sequences exploiting space and frequency masking”,Image Processing 2000.Proceedings.2000 international Conference on,Volume;1,2000.pp438-441
[4]Z.M.Lu,Q.M.Ge and X.M.Niu,Robust Adaptive Video Watermarking in the Spetial Domain.The 5th International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM’2003),Shenzhen,China,June1-5,2003;1875-1880
[5]Q.M.Ge,Z.M.Lu and X.M.Liu.Obilivious Video Watermarking Scheme with Adaptive Embedding Mechanism.The Second International Conference on Machine Leaning and Cyberntics,November 2-5,2003,Sheraton hotel,Xi’an,China,2867-2881
[6]Su,K;Kundur,D;Hatzinakos,D,“A content-dependent spatially localized video watermark for resistance to collusion and interpolation attacks”,Image Processing,2001.Procedings,2001 international Conference on,Volume;1,2001,pp818-821
[7]Swanson M D,Zhu B,Tewfik A H.Multiresolution Scenebased video watermarking using perceptual models.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.1998540-550.
[8]O’Ruanaidh J,Dowling W,Boland F.Phase watermarking of digital images. In:Proc of ICIP.1996;3:239～242.
[9]J.P.M.G Linnartz and M.van Dijk.Analysis of the sensitivity attacks against electronic watermarks in images ,In;Aucsmith[20],259～272
[10]M.Maes.Twin peaks;The histogram attack on fixed depth image watermarks.In:Aucsmith[20],pp.218～238
[11]钟玉琢,王琪,贺玉文。基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准-MPEG科学出版社,2000
[12]董绍锋,郭宝龙。基于加密和水印的MPEG-4流媒体版权保护方法。微电子学与计算机,VOL。123,No6。
[13] Kundur D and Hatzinakos D.A robust digital image watermarking method using wavelet-based fusion.Pro.of 1997 IEEE Int.Conf.Image Processing,Vol.1:544-547
[14] Napadon K.Multiresolution based watermarking for copyright protection.The University of Texas at Arlington [Doctor paper],2001.
[15]邹潇湘,彭聪,李锦涛,李书昌。视频水印技术工程。工程图学学报。2002,Vol。3:169-179。
[16]谢健全,阳春华。视频数字水印技术研究综述。湖南财经高等专科学校校报。2006,Vol。22(102)。
[17]刘少峰.视频数字水印的研究与应用[D].北京邮电大学.2007年.
[18]刘琪.MPEG-4视频水印技术的研究与实现[D].沈阳工业大学. 2006年
[19]王炳锡,陈琦,邓峰。说子水印技术。西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[21]汪小帆,戴跃伟,茅耀斌。信息隐藏技术。北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[22]张文军,孙军编著。现代图象信息压缩技术。北京:科学出版社
[23] ISO/IEC 13818-2。[1995] Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information-Part2:Video
[24]钟玉琢[等]编译。MPEG-2运动图象压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展。清华大学出版社
[25]邹潇湘,彭聪,李锦涛,刘书昌。视频水印技术研究。工程图学学报
[26] G.C.Langelaar,R,L.Lagendijk,J.Biemond.Real-time Labeling Methods for MPEG Compressed Video。18th Symposium on Information Thoery in the Benelux,Veldhoven。The Netherlands。1997:15-16
[28] Chin-Hauan Tzeng,Wen-Hsiang Tsai.A new Technique for Authentication of Image/Video for Multimedia Applications[J].Signal Processing,2001;66
[29] Wu M,Liu B.Watermarking for image authentication [C].In:Processding of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Chicago,Illinois,1998
[30] E.T.Lin.C.I.Podilchuk,E,J.Delp.Detection of image alterations using semi-fragile watermarks[A].Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II[C].San Jose,California,USA,Jan 2000,152-163
[31]B.G.Mobasseri,A,T. Evans,Content-dependent video authentication by self-watermarking in color space.SPIE Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III,San Jose,January 21-26-2001
[32] Y.Dai,S,Thiemert,M.Steinebach.Feature-based watermarking scheme for MPEG-I/II Video authentication,SPIE vol.5301,2004
[33] Iwan Setyawan,R.L.Lagendijk.Low bit-rate video watermarking using temporallyextended differential energy watermarking(DEW) algorithm,Proceedings of the SPIE,Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III,San Jose,2001,Vol.4314,73-84
[34]陈生潭,侯振华,王虹现。双重认证的变换域图像半脆弱数字水印算法。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报。2005,17(5)
[35]杨德刚,陈永红,杨华千,韦鹏程。在数字图像中嵌入多水印的算法研究。计算机工程与应用。2005.21
[36]马义德,陆福相。一种多重数字水印技术。计算机工程与应用。2004
[37]王金伟,戴跃伟,王执铨。一种置换DCT域中频系数的盲视频水印算法。南京理工大学学报。2005
[38] Hernondez J.R,Amado M,Perez Gonza lez F.DCT-Domain watermarking techniques for still images:Detector performance analysis and a new structure [J].IEEE Trans on Image Processing,2000,9(1):55-68
[39]施化吉,翁正铃,李星毅。基于MPEG-I/II视频内容认证的半脆弱水印方案[J],计算机工程,2006.32(14):160-162
[40]曹华,周敬利,余胜生,等。基于H.264低比特率视频流的半脆弱盲水印算法实现[J].电子学报,2006,34(1):40-44
[41]Wieg and T,Sullivan G J,Bjontetaard G,et al.Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard[J].IEEE Trans on Cirecurits Systerms for Video Technology,2003,13(17)
[42]侯振华,陈生潭。用于图像认证的半脆弱性数字水印。电视技术。2003,257(11):88-91
[43]张永平,郭宝龙,陈龙谭。一种定位精度可伸缩的认证水印算法[J].中国图像图形学(特刊),2003:8(A)
[43]张静,张春田,用于图像认证的数字水印技术[J].中国图形图像学报。2003:4(4)
[44]华先胜,石青云。易损数字水印若干问题的研究[J].中国图像图形学报,2001:6(5)
[45] Jae Yeon Park,Jae Hyuck Lim,Gyung Soon Kim et al.Invertible Semi-Fragile Watermarking Algorithm Distinguishing MPEG-2 Compression.Malicious Manipulation Dongguk University,IEEE,2002:18-19
[46] Dittmann J Steinmetz,A Steinmetz.R Content-Based Digital Signature for Motion Pictures Authentication and Content-Fragile Watermarking[C].In:IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems,Vol2,1999-07-11
[47] Dajun He,Qibin Sun& Qi Tian.A Semi-fragile Object Based Video Authentication System Circuits and Systems[C].In:Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium,ISCAS 03,vol3,2003-03:814-817
[48]张志涌,徐彦琴。MATLAB教程-基于6.X版本。北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:259-274
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