涡流电凝聚接触过滤一体化净水器处理生活污水的研究
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摘要
我国的水体日益污染严重,城市污水处理率低,投入资金有限,因此迫切需要简易、廉价、高效且无二次污染的污水处理工艺来缓解水资源的危机并实现环境可持续的发展。本课题是在全面了解电絮凝、微涡流反应、接触过滤这几种工艺的理论的基础上,采用涡流电凝聚接触过滤一体化净水器来进行对生活污水的处理研究。
本文简要说明了电絮凝、微涡流反应、接触过滤这几种工艺的的工作原理,详细的论述了这几种工艺的特点及其国内外的研究现状,针对生活污水,研发出一套涡流电凝聚接触过滤一体化净水器,寻求其处理生活污水的最佳工况。
通过实验结果表明:采用铝电极进行电絮凝反应要比采用铁电极的处理效果较理想。污水的处理效果随着停留时间和电流密度的增加先提高后降低。pH值在5.5～9.5内,对污水的处理效果无太大影响。投加一定量的NaCl能减少耗能,但投加过量会影响处理效果且影响出水。少量的曝气对污水的处理效果有所提高,但曝气时间过长会影响絮凝的效果。浓度越高的污水要取得较理想的处理效果,则所需的电流密度越高。本实验的最佳运行控制参数:进水COD值为500～600mg/L,污水的停留时间为5分钟,电流密度为0.6 A/dm2,污水PH值为7～8(即采用原水PH值),NaCl的投加量为0.5g/L,曝气时间为5分钟。当污水进水COD值为567mg/L,SS值为352 mg/L, COD值去除率达79.3%,SS值去除率达95.8%。对于COD值为567mg/L的污水,所需的系统费用大约为0.74元/m3。
In view of the serious pollution of water and the environment, the low efficiency of sewage treatment and the limited of fund, research simple, low-cost, efficient, non-second polluted sewage treatment method are needed to relief the crisis of water shortage and achieve environmental sustainable development. Based on the theory of electrocoagulation, micro-eddy current reaction and contact filtrate, micro-eddy current electrocoagulation-contact filtrate integrated purifier was explored to treat sewage in this paper.
This paper introduces the principle of electrocoagulation, micro-eddy current reaction and contact filtrate, dissertate the characteristics of these processes and their research progress at home and abroad. In view of the sewage, invent micro-eddy current electrocoagulation-contact filtrate integrated purifier and search for its best operating conditions .
The results of experiments point out: Under the same conditions, the aluminum electrode has better handling result than the iron electrode .Following the increase of electric current and stopping-time, the handling result rise at the beginning and then decline . In the scope of 5.5～9.5 of pH, the change of pH has no influence on the handling result. Add the some NaCl to sewage and the energy wastage is decline, but the handling result will decline if the quantity of NaCl is excessive. The proper aeration time will help the handling result, but the excess will destroy the handling result. The more sewage density need the more electric current to achieve the best handling result. According to the result of experimen, the best operating conditions are : aluminum electrode is adopted, sewage density is at 500～600 mg/L ,electric current density is 0.6 A/dm2, stopping-time is 5 minute, pH at 7～8, NaCl electrolyte density is 0.5g/L, aeration time is 5 minute. With COD 567mg/L and SS 352mg/L in the influent, the removal of COD and SS is 79.3%, 95.8%, respectively.The cost of the treatment is comparative low, with COD 567 mg/L in the influent,the cost is about 0.74 Yuan per stere.
本文简要说明了电絮凝、微涡流反应、接触过滤这几种工艺的的工作原理,详细的论述了这几种工艺的特点及其国内外的研究现状,针对生活污水,研发出一套涡流电凝聚接触过滤一体化净水器,寻求其处理生活污水的最佳工况。
通过实验结果表明:采用铝电极进行电絮凝反应要比采用铁电极的处理效果较理想。污水的处理效果随着停留时间和电流密度的增加先提高后降低。pH值在5.5～9.5内,对污水的处理效果无太大影响。投加一定量的NaCl能减少耗能,但投加过量会影响处理效果且影响出水。少量的曝气对污水的处理效果有所提高,但曝气时间过长会影响絮凝的效果。浓度越高的污水要取得较理想的处理效果,则所需的电流密度越高。本实验的最佳运行控制参数:进水COD值为500～600mg/L,污水的停留时间为5分钟,电流密度为0.6 A/dm2,污水PH值为7～8(即采用原水PH值),NaCl的投加量为0.5g/L,曝气时间为5分钟。当污水进水COD值为567mg/L,SS值为352 mg/L, COD值去除率达79.3%,SS值去除率达95.8%。对于COD值为567mg/L的污水,所需的系统费用大约为0.74元/m3。
In view of the serious pollution of water and the environment, the low efficiency of sewage treatment and the limited of fund, research simple, low-cost, efficient, non-second polluted sewage treatment method are needed to relief the crisis of water shortage and achieve environmental sustainable development. Based on the theory of electrocoagulation, micro-eddy current reaction and contact filtrate, micro-eddy current electrocoagulation-contact filtrate integrated purifier was explored to treat sewage in this paper.
This paper introduces the principle of electrocoagulation, micro-eddy current reaction and contact filtrate, dissertate the characteristics of these processes and their research progress at home and abroad. In view of the sewage, invent micro-eddy current electrocoagulation-contact filtrate integrated purifier and search for its best operating conditions .
The results of experiments point out: Under the same conditions, the aluminum electrode has better handling result than the iron electrode .Following the increase of electric current and stopping-time, the handling result rise at the beginning and then decline . In the scope of 5.5～9.5 of pH, the change of pH has no influence on the handling result. Add the some NaCl to sewage and the energy wastage is decline, but the handling result will decline if the quantity of NaCl is excessive. The proper aeration time will help the handling result, but the excess will destroy the handling result. The more sewage density need the more electric current to achieve the best handling result. According to the result of experimen, the best operating conditions are : aluminum electrode is adopted, sewage density is at 500～600 mg/L ,electric current density is 0.6 A/dm2, stopping-time is 5 minute, pH at 7～8, NaCl electrolyte density is 0.5g/L, aeration time is 5 minute. With COD 567mg/L and SS 352mg/L in the influent, the removal of COD and SS is 79.3%, 95.8%, respectively.The cost of the treatment is comparative low, with COD 567 mg/L in the influent,the cost is about 0.74 Yuan per stere.
引文
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[3] 甘莉,甘华奉.电凝聚水处理技术的新进展.工业水处理,2002,5: 5-7.
[4] Nihal Bektas ,Salim Oncel ,Hilal Y ,Akbulut et. Removal of Boron by Electrocoagulation. Environ Chem Lett ,2004 ,2: 51-54.
[5] N.Mamer ,A.R.Yeddou ,H.Lounici et. Defluoridation of Septentrional Sahara Water of North Africa by Electrocoagulation Process Using Bipolar Aluminium Electredes. Wat. Res. ,1998,32(5): 1604-1612.
[6] Chen L.Lai,Sheng H.Lin. Treatment of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: System Performances. Chemosphere,2004,54: 235-242.
[7] 李向东,冯启言等. 电絮凝法去除饮用水中氟的研究.安全与环境学报,2006,4: 33-35.
[8] 乐 波 , 麻 敏 华 等 . 直 流 电 絮 凝 法 处 理 印 染 废 水 的 研 究 [J]. 高 电 压 技术,2005,31(10):49-51.
[9] Jinpinjia, et al. Treat of dying wastewater with ACF electrodes[J]. Wat.Res.,1999, 33(3): 881～884.
[10] A.Savas Koparal, ?gütveren ülker Bakir, Removal of nitrate from water by electroreduction and electrocoagulation, Journal of Hazardous Materials ,2002,1,89(1) :83-94.
[11] 杨晓静,韩才元,陈善波. 电絮凝法处理橡胶废水 [J]. 工业水处理,1999, (3): 26-27.
[12] 张桂芬,吴琳.电凝聚法处理电镀含铬废水影响因素的实验 [J]. 环境保护科学,1997,23(6):9-12.
[13] 陈华平. 电絮凝—气浮—生物氧化塘法处理制革废水[J]. 福建环境,1995,6:5-6.
[14] 黄宏. 超微细曝气—电絮凝法在印染废水处理中的应用 [J]. 水处理技术,2006,32(8):64-66.
[15] 董 慧 茹 等 . 电 絮 凝 — 气 浮 — H2O2 法 处 理 石 油 化 工 废 水 [J]. 水 处 理 技术,2006,(9):66-69.
[16] 高 艳娇,黄继国等. 电絮凝工艺处理垃圾填 埋场渗滤液 [J].水 处理 技术,2006,1:48-50.
[17] 孙金勇,庄云龙. 电絮凝法处理生活废水的研究 [J].江苏环境科技,2004,6:13-15.
[18] 庄 云龙,孙金勇. 电絮凝法用于处理废纸脱墨废水 [J]. 纸和 造纸 (增刊),2004,8:67-69.
[19] 林阳,王允妹等. 用电絮凝法处理乳品污水的实验研究 [J]. 环境保护科学,2001,12:9-10.
[20] Ahmet Gurses, Mehmet Yalcin, Cetin Dogar, Electrocoagulation of some reactive dyes: astatistical investigation of some electrochemical variables, Waste Management, 2002(22):491-499.
[21] Gianluca Ciardelli,Nicola Ranieri, The treatment and reuse of wastewater in the textile industry by means of ozonation and electroflocculation. Wat.Res. 2000, 34(4):567-572.
[22] 涂文锋,胡兆吉,熊丽芳.废水处理中电凝聚气浮技术的研究现状与发展[J].过滤与分离,2005,15(2):13-15.
[23] 潘春玲等. 电凝聚—二级生化—吸附工艺处理CLT酸废水[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(4):349-352.
[24] 熊方文,余蜀灵.脉冲电解处理工业污水技术[J]. 工业水处理,1990,10(2):10-12.
[25] 曹莹等.三维电极在水处理技术中的应用[J].黑龙江电力,2001,(4):125-127.
[26] 方林木,倪晓斌. 微涡流处理工艺及在污水处理中的应用 [J]. 石油和化工节能,2006,2:20-21.
[27] 冯 爽 , 孔 海 南 等 . 电 絮 凝 法 去 除 二 级 处 理 出 水 中 的 磷 [J]. 中 国 给 排水,2003,19(1):52-54.
[28] 邓皓,王蓉沙. 电絮凝浮选法处理含油废水. 实验江汉石油学院学报.1994,16(1): 62-65.
[29] 马志毅,刘瑞强.电凝聚对悬浮物和有机物去除功效的试验研究.给水排水.1998,24(11):37-41.
[30] CHEN G H. Electrochemical Technologies in Wastewater Treatnlent. Separation and Purification Technology,2004,38(1): 11-41.
[31] CHEN G H,CHEN X M, YUE P I. , Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation of Restaurant wastewater.Journal of Environmental Engineering,2000,126(9): 858-863.
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