混凝—气浮法处理焦化废水的试验研究
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摘要
焦化废水是煤在高温干馏过程中以及煤气净化、化学产品精制过程中形成的废水,其中含有酚、氨氮、氰、苯、吡啶、吲哚和喹啉等几十种污染物,成分复杂,污染物浓度高、色度高、毒性大,性质非常稳定,是一种典型的难降解有机废水。本论文采用混凝-气浮法对某焦化厂的焦化废水进行了处理。
气浮是一种常用的高效固液分离工艺。在废水处理中,为充分发挥其去除性能,通常向水中投加混凝剂,使污染物质脱稳、凝聚,从而达到净化水质的目的。目前对混凝的研究较多,但都基于混凝—沉淀进行的。本文尝试采用混凝-气浮法对焦化废水的预处理的进行了研究,试验结果表明:混凝-气浮法处理焦化具有用药量低、气浮时间短、净化效果好的优点,其浊度、色度和COD的去除率分别达98.8%、57.1%和57.3%。而且不同絮凝剂对于焦化废水处理效果不同,复配药剂的处理效果要优于单一絮凝剂,无机和有机絮凝剂配合使用有利于降低药耗和提高净水效果。
试验中还对电凝聚法处理焦化废水进行了探讨,试验结果表明电凝聚处理焦化废水有一定的效果。在原水的浊度为190,色度为275,COD为3250mg/L时,电凝聚对焦化废水浊度、色度和COD去除率分别达到99.6%、54.89%和22.89%。
Coking wastewater is produced by the pyrolysis (heating in absence of air) of suitable grades of coal, coal gas purifying and in the process of refining chemical products. There are many pollutants in the wastewater, such as hydroxybenzene, ammonia (usually recovered ammonium sulfate), cyanogen , phenol, indole uinnoline and so on.. Components in the wastewater are very complicated. Concentration of the pollutants, its color and toxicity are high. And its character is stabilized. Coking wastewater is a kind of typical refractory one. In the study. the method of coagulation- air flotation was adopted to treat coking wastewater.The process of air flotation is often used in the treatment of water and waster water as an effective method to separate the solid form the water. In order to make full use of the removal capability of it, it is usual to cast coagulant into wastewater to make the pollutant unstable and coagulated so as to make the water purified. Most of studies of coagulation were carried out based on the sedimentation at present. In this paper, the research studies feasibility that coagulant-air flotation acts as pretreatment. The experimental results show coagulant consumption is low, the flotation time is short and the purification efficiency is high. The purification efficiency of turbidity , chroma and COD are98.8%, 57.1% and 57.3% respectively. Different coagulation have different efficiency. If complex reagent is adopted, its purification efficiency is higher and its consumption is lower than the corresponding index of the single coagulation.Electro-coagulation dealing with coking wastewater goes on the discussion also in testing, the result of the test indicates that there has an effect that electro-coagulation dealing with coking wastewater. When turbidity of the wastewater is 190, chroma is 275, COD is 3250mg/L, after electro-coagulation deals with coking wateswater, the purification efficiency of turbidity . chroma and COD are 99.6%, 54.89% and 22.89% respectively.
气浮是一种常用的高效固液分离工艺。在废水处理中,为充分发挥其去除性能,通常向水中投加混凝剂,使污染物质脱稳、凝聚,从而达到净化水质的目的。目前对混凝的研究较多,但都基于混凝—沉淀进行的。本文尝试采用混凝-气浮法对焦化废水的预处理的进行了研究,试验结果表明:混凝-气浮法处理焦化具有用药量低、气浮时间短、净化效果好的优点,其浊度、色度和COD的去除率分别达98.8%、57.1%和57.3%。而且不同絮凝剂对于焦化废水处理效果不同,复配药剂的处理效果要优于单一絮凝剂,无机和有机絮凝剂配合使用有利于降低药耗和提高净水效果。
试验中还对电凝聚法处理焦化废水进行了探讨,试验结果表明电凝聚处理焦化废水有一定的效果。在原水的浊度为190,色度为275,COD为3250mg/L时,电凝聚对焦化废水浊度、色度和COD去除率分别达到99.6%、54.89%和22.89%。
Coking wastewater is produced by the pyrolysis (heating in absence of air) of suitable grades of coal, coal gas purifying and in the process of refining chemical products. There are many pollutants in the wastewater, such as hydroxybenzene, ammonia (usually recovered ammonium sulfate), cyanogen , phenol, indole uinnoline and so on.. Components in the wastewater are very complicated. Concentration of the pollutants, its color and toxicity are high. And its character is stabilized. Coking wastewater is a kind of typical refractory one. In the study. the method of coagulation- air flotation was adopted to treat coking wastewater.The process of air flotation is often used in the treatment of water and waster water as an effective method to separate the solid form the water. In order to make full use of the removal capability of it, it is usual to cast coagulant into wastewater to make the pollutant unstable and coagulated so as to make the water purified. Most of studies of coagulation were carried out based on the sedimentation at present. In this paper, the research studies feasibility that coagulant-air flotation acts as pretreatment. The experimental results show coagulant consumption is low, the flotation time is short and the purification efficiency is high. The purification efficiency of turbidity , chroma and COD are98.8%, 57.1% and 57.3% respectively. Different coagulation have different efficiency. If complex reagent is adopted, its purification efficiency is higher and its consumption is lower than the corresponding index of the single coagulation.Electro-coagulation dealing with coking wastewater goes on the discussion also in testing, the result of the test indicates that there has an effect that electro-coagulation dealing with coking wastewater. When turbidity of the wastewater is 190, chroma is 275, COD is 3250mg/L, after electro-coagulation deals with coking wateswater, the purification efficiency of turbidity . chroma and COD are 99.6%, 54.89% and 22.89% respectively.
引文
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[5] 宫磊.新型CAF气浮设备的开发与应用研究[D].昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2002
[6] 徐金球.声空化及其组合技术降解焦化废水的研究[D].昆明理工大学博士学位论文,2002
[7] 张秋波等.湿式催化氧化法处理煤气化废水的研究[J].环境科学学报,1988.8(1):98
[8] 佐藤利雄等.接触酸化反应液中COD同时除去[J].用水废水,1983.25(5):53
[9] 曹曼等.光催化氧化法处理焦化废水中难降解有机毒物的研究[J].中国环境科学,1991,11(3):235-238
[10] James C. Biological Nitrogen Removal from Coke Plant Wastewater with Extental Carbon Addition [C]. Proe. 37th Ind. Waste Conf, 1982, 497-505
[11] 张铭等.含酚工业废水的处理研究[J].环境保护科学,1999,25(2):6-7
[12] 郑笑彬.焦化废水厌氧-好氧生物处理[J].化工环保,1993,13(4):203-205
[13] 陈常洲.外排煤气废水的处理工艺[J].化工给排水设计,1989,(2):11
[14] 赵建夫等.焦化废水中难降解有机物在厌氧酸化-好氧生物处理过程中的降解机理研究[J],中国环境科学,1991,11(4):261-265
[15] Fersch A, et al. Contionuous Degradation of 3-Chloraniline by Caleium-Alginate-Entrapped Cells of Pseudomonans [J]. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 1991, 14(1): 41-48
[16] 黄霞等.固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究[J].中国环境科学,1995,15(1):1-4
[17] 吴红伟等.氧化塘深度处理焦化废水的初步研究[J].环境污染与防治1998,20(2):1-4
[18] 白玉兴等.焦化生物脱酚水深度综合治理的工业试验研究[J].水处理,1997,(11):24-27
[19] 张昌鸣.焦化废水净化及回用技术研究[J].环境工程,1999,17(1):16-19
[20] E.Ⅱ巴宾科夫著.郭连起译.论水的混凝[M].中国建工出版社,1982,10
[21] Dongsheng Wang. Particle Speciation Analysis of Inorganic Polymer Fiocculants: an examination by photon correlation spectroscopy, colloids and surfaces[J]. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspacts 166 (2000): 27～32
[22] 汤鸿霄,高宝玉等.聚硅酸铝盐混凝剂的研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1998,6(2):42～46
[23] Ives, K. J. Rate. the Secientific basis of flocculation[M]. Ives, K. J. Ed, Silthoff and Noordhoff, The Netherlands, 1978, p37
[24] Hahn, H. H&Stumm, W. Coagulation by AI(Ⅲ), In Adsorption Solution[J]. ACS Ser. 79, American Chemical Seociety, Wachington, D. C., 1968.
[25] Stumm, W., O'Melia, C. R. Stoichiometry of coagulation[J]. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 1968, 60: 514
[26] LaMwer, V. K. Coagulation symposium introduction[J]. J. colloid science, 1964, 19: 291
[27] Packham, R. F. Some studies of the coagulation of dispersed clays with hydrolyzed salts[J]. J. Colloid Sci., 1967, 23: 433
[28] 陈翼孙,胡斌.气浮净水技术的研究与应用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985
[29] 汤鸿霄,钱易等.水体颗粒物和难降解有机物的特性与控制技术原理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000
[30] 曹瑞钰.加压溶气气浮空气组成的理论研究[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(7):826～831
[31] 陈翼孙,胡斌.环境工程治理丛书:气浮净水技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1985
[32] J. K. Edzwald, Principles and application of dissolved air flotation[J]. Water Sci. Tech., 31 (3/4), 1995, 1～24
[33] G. Offringa. Dissolved air flotation in Southern Africa[J]. Water Sci. Tech, 1995, 31 (3/4): 159～172
[34] 吕玉娟等.溶剂气浮分离技术研究现状与发展方向[J].化学进展,2001,13(6):441～449
[35] 魏在山,徐晓军等.气浮法处理废水的研究及其进展[J].安全与环境学报,2001,1(4):14～18
[36] 陈林峰,高效溶气释放机[P].中国专利(中文).CN2340763Y,1999-12-15
[37] 同济大学,王政.机械式气浮机[P].中国专利(中文).CN2388187Y,2000-07-15
[38] 同济大学,王政.机械式气浮水处理装置[P].中国专利(中文).CN2389149Y,2000-07-24
[39] 6412厂,沈阳.射流-涡流复合溶气式气浮机[P].中国专利(中文).CN2382715Y2000-06-05
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