瑞引葡萄品种Granoir特性及配套栽培措施研究
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摘要
本试验旨在前人研究的基础上对瑞引红色酿酒葡萄品种Granoir植物学性状、农业生物学性状、酿酒特性等方面进行系统研究,并研究Granoir的温室营养钵育苗技术及套袋、合理负载量、果枝留叶量等配套栽培措施,以期为其品种推广栽培提供实践指导意义。结果如下:
1. Granoir物候期及性状
在杨凌地区,Granoir一般3月下旬萌芽,6月末进入转色期,采收期在8月上旬。梢尖浅绿色,边缘浅红色,有绒毛;幼叶黄色,有光泽;新梢半直立,有绒毛,节间红色;一年生枝黄褐色;叶片小,圆形或者近圆形,叶面平展,叶背有丝状绒毛;多数五裂少数三裂,上裂刻深,开张,基部U形,叶缘锯齿双侧直;叶柄洼开张椭圆形,基部V字形;两性花。
果穗平均重159.86g,圆柱形,单歧肩,有的有副穗,紧或极紧;果粒中等,平均重1.41g,圆形,紫黑色,果粉中等厚,果皮中;出汁率66.13%,果汁浅红色,可溶性固形物188.5g/kg,还原糖194.25g/L,总酸8.36g/L,丹宁1.497g/L;色素0.217g/L;总酚1.811g/L;每粒果实有种子2~4个。
2. Granoir温室育苗技术研究
激素浸蘸方式下,基质组合土1:腐殖土1:珍珠岩1、0: 1: 1和2: 1: 1基质组合的隶属函数值分别为3.7868、4.2981和0.8683;生物肥浸蘸方式下,隶属函数值分别为3.4553、2.1337和0.7181。六个处理生根成活率分别为46.67﹪、40.83﹪、28.33﹪、42.50﹪、34.17﹪、和24.17%。
以1:1:1组合为扦插基质,以激素浸蘸的插条成活率为46.67%;平均根数达10.6条;根、茎、叶生长量最大,平均株干重达0.7757g;愈伤组织出现早,愈伤根和气孔根的根数较多,且生长健壮。建议生产上采用土1:腐殖土1:珍珠岩1基质组合,用北京艾比蒂(ABT)研究开发中心生产的ABT1号蘸根进行扦插育苗。
相同基质下,用生物菌剂蘸穗的苗木质量不如激素处理所得的苗木,但是处理的Pro、SOD、POD含量高于激素处理的植株,植株根系具有较强的抗逆性。
3. Granoir配套栽培技术研究
随着负载量增大,单粒重和还原糖含量及第二年萌芽率降低,每株树留12个结果枝,每个结果枝留3个果穗的处理,果实单粒重为1.31g、还原糖含量193.27g/L、总酸为8.27g/L、单宁为1.422g/L、色素为0.254g/L、总酚为1.7680g/L,岀汁率为63.53﹪;从以上指标来看,生产上,对于Granoir成年健壮树来说,每棵树留12个结果枝,每个结果枝留3穗果果实品质较佳,产量在16500kg/hm左右。
随着每个新稍留叶量的增加,单粒重、还原糖和总酚含量增加,成年健壮树体,每棵树留12个结果枝,每个结果枝留16至18片叶较合理。
套袋果与未套袋果相比,还原糖、滴定酸、单宁和总酚含量下降,套袋果外观品质提高,果粒大小均匀、果皮细腻、果粉增多、果面整洁美观,而病果率则显著下降。
Granoir is a winegrape cultivar from the Switzerland. The studies were carried out on the morphological,agronomical characteristics oenological characteristics and intergrated cultural practices.The results showed that:
1. The phenophase and characters of Granoir
Its germination stage is the last 10 days of March, colour-changed period is in late June and harvesting time was the first 10 days of August.
The colour of shoot tip is light green; margin is lightred, and the prostrate hair is dense. The young leaves are glossy and their color is yellow.The newshoots are semi-erect, internode is red, and prostrate hairs on internodes is medium. The mature shoot is yellow bronze. The mature leave is little and the shape of blade is about circular. The profile of leave is flat, and leaf back have silky hairs. The number of lobes are five or three, upper leaf sinuses are deep and open, base shape is U-shaped, and the shape of teeth is both sides straight. The shape of base of petiole sinus is open, cylindric and V-shaped. The sex of flower is hermaphrodite.
Clusters are medium, averaging weight is 159.86 g, cylindrical, shouldered or winged, and medium or tight in berry density.; Berries are medium sized, averaging 1.41 g, round, Blackish-purple; berry bloom is medium. The juice yield is 66.13%, and the color of juice is light red brown. The Soluble solides content of must is 1885g/Kg, reducing sugar is 194.25g/L, total acidity is 8.36g/L. and tannins content is 1.497g/L, total anthocyan content is 0.217g/L;Total phenols content is 1.811g/L The berry has two to four seeds.
2. Study on greenhouse seedling techniques of Granoir
Subordinate function values of treatments with different medium combination of soil: peat: perlite (volume proportion 1:1:1, 0:1:1, 2:1:1) and with hormone treatment were respectively 3.7868, 4.2981 and 0.8683, Subordinate function values of treatments with different medium combination of soil: peat: perlite (volume proportion 1:1:1, 0:1:1, 2:1:1) and with bio-fertilizer were respectively 3.4553, 2.1337 and 0.7181; The rooting survival rates of the six treatments were respectively 46.67﹪, 40.83﹪, 28.33﹪, 42.50﹪, 34.17﹪and 24.17%。
Grapevine cuttings on medium of soil: peat: perlite (volume proportion 1:1:1) and with hormone treatment were the best among all the treatments.Their rooting rate was the highest (46.67%); the average root number was 10.6; the growth quantity of the root; stem and leaf was the biggest; the average dry weight of plant was .7757g; callus formation was earlier, callus root and stomatal root were more and stronger than other treatments.
3. Integrated cultural techniques of Granoir
The effects of different fruit loads on grape fruit quality was investigated by comparing among high fruit loads (three bunchesper new bearing shoot), medium fruit load (two bunch per new bearing shoot) and low fruitload (one bunch per new bearing shoot). The results affected by increasing of fruit load showed that sugar content of fruit, mature of shoot and percentages of sprout in the following year were decresed. So, adult health trees with 12 sticks and 3 traits of fruit every stick is more reasonable for Granoir in the actual production.
The weight of single fruit partical was 1.31g; the contents of reducing suger, total acid, tannin, pigment and total phenols were respectively 193.27g/L, 8.27 g/L, 1.422 g/L, .254 g/L, 1.768 g/L, juice yield was 63.53% and the production number is about 16500kg/hm. The effects of different numbers of leaves on fruiting woods on the qualities of Granoir showed that sugar, total phenols content, total anthocyan content, the average cluster and berry weight by the leaf number increasing of every fruitingwood was decresed .In the actual production, every fruiting woods with the leaf number of 16 to 18 is more reasonable.
Research on the influence of Granoir fruit quality by bagging, the results are that covering with bag can have significant influence on the grape fruit appearance, it can also decrease total acid content and rate of diseased fruit,but the content of sugar, total phenols content decreased.
1. Granoir物候期及性状
在杨凌地区,Granoir一般3月下旬萌芽,6月末进入转色期,采收期在8月上旬。梢尖浅绿色,边缘浅红色,有绒毛;幼叶黄色,有光泽;新梢半直立,有绒毛,节间红色;一年生枝黄褐色;叶片小,圆形或者近圆形,叶面平展,叶背有丝状绒毛;多数五裂少数三裂,上裂刻深,开张,基部U形,叶缘锯齿双侧直;叶柄洼开张椭圆形,基部V字形;两性花。
果穗平均重159.86g,圆柱形,单歧肩,有的有副穗,紧或极紧;果粒中等,平均重1.41g,圆形,紫黑色,果粉中等厚,果皮中;出汁率66.13%,果汁浅红色,可溶性固形物188.5g/kg,还原糖194.25g/L,总酸8.36g/L,丹宁1.497g/L;色素0.217g/L;总酚1.811g/L;每粒果实有种子2~4个。
2. Granoir温室育苗技术研究
激素浸蘸方式下,基质组合土1:腐殖土1:珍珠岩1、0: 1: 1和2: 1: 1基质组合的隶属函数值分别为3.7868、4.2981和0.8683;生物肥浸蘸方式下,隶属函数值分别为3.4553、2.1337和0.7181。六个处理生根成活率分别为46.67﹪、40.83﹪、28.33﹪、42.50﹪、34.17﹪、和24.17%。
以1:1:1组合为扦插基质,以激素浸蘸的插条成活率为46.67%;平均根数达10.6条;根、茎、叶生长量最大,平均株干重达0.7757g;愈伤组织出现早,愈伤根和气孔根的根数较多,且生长健壮。建议生产上采用土1:腐殖土1:珍珠岩1基质组合,用北京艾比蒂(ABT)研究开发中心生产的ABT1号蘸根进行扦插育苗。
相同基质下,用生物菌剂蘸穗的苗木质量不如激素处理所得的苗木,但是处理的Pro、SOD、POD含量高于激素处理的植株,植株根系具有较强的抗逆性。
3. Granoir配套栽培技术研究
随着负载量增大,单粒重和还原糖含量及第二年萌芽率降低,每株树留12个结果枝,每个结果枝留3个果穗的处理,果实单粒重为1.31g、还原糖含量193.27g/L、总酸为8.27g/L、单宁为1.422g/L、色素为0.254g/L、总酚为1.7680g/L,岀汁率为63.53﹪;从以上指标来看,生产上,对于Granoir成年健壮树来说,每棵树留12个结果枝,每个结果枝留3穗果果实品质较佳,产量在16500kg/hm左右。
随着每个新稍留叶量的增加,单粒重、还原糖和总酚含量增加,成年健壮树体,每棵树留12个结果枝,每个结果枝留16至18片叶较合理。
套袋果与未套袋果相比,还原糖、滴定酸、单宁和总酚含量下降,套袋果外观品质提高,果粒大小均匀、果皮细腻、果粉增多、果面整洁美观,而病果率则显著下降。
Granoir is a winegrape cultivar from the Switzerland. The studies were carried out on the morphological,agronomical characteristics oenological characteristics and intergrated cultural practices.The results showed that:
1. The phenophase and characters of Granoir
Its germination stage is the last 10 days of March, colour-changed period is in late June and harvesting time was the first 10 days of August.
The colour of shoot tip is light green; margin is lightred, and the prostrate hair is dense. The young leaves are glossy and their color is yellow.The newshoots are semi-erect, internode is red, and prostrate hairs on internodes is medium. The mature shoot is yellow bronze. The mature leave is little and the shape of blade is about circular. The profile of leave is flat, and leaf back have silky hairs. The number of lobes are five or three, upper leaf sinuses are deep and open, base shape is U-shaped, and the shape of teeth is both sides straight. The shape of base of petiole sinus is open, cylindric and V-shaped. The sex of flower is hermaphrodite.
Clusters are medium, averaging weight is 159.86 g, cylindrical, shouldered or winged, and medium or tight in berry density.; Berries are medium sized, averaging 1.41 g, round, Blackish-purple; berry bloom is medium. The juice yield is 66.13%, and the color of juice is light red brown. The Soluble solides content of must is 1885g/Kg, reducing sugar is 194.25g/L, total acidity is 8.36g/L. and tannins content is 1.497g/L, total anthocyan content is 0.217g/L;Total phenols content is 1.811g/L The berry has two to four seeds.
2. Study on greenhouse seedling techniques of Granoir
Subordinate function values of treatments with different medium combination of soil: peat: perlite (volume proportion 1:1:1, 0:1:1, 2:1:1) and with hormone treatment were respectively 3.7868, 4.2981 and 0.8683, Subordinate function values of treatments with different medium combination of soil: peat: perlite (volume proportion 1:1:1, 0:1:1, 2:1:1) and with bio-fertilizer were respectively 3.4553, 2.1337 and 0.7181; The rooting survival rates of the six treatments were respectively 46.67﹪, 40.83﹪, 28.33﹪, 42.50﹪, 34.17﹪and 24.17%。
Grapevine cuttings on medium of soil: peat: perlite (volume proportion 1:1:1) and with hormone treatment were the best among all the treatments.Their rooting rate was the highest (46.67%); the average root number was 10.6; the growth quantity of the root; stem and leaf was the biggest; the average dry weight of plant was .7757g; callus formation was earlier, callus root and stomatal root were more and stronger than other treatments.
3. Integrated cultural techniques of Granoir
The effects of different fruit loads on grape fruit quality was investigated by comparing among high fruit loads (three bunchesper new bearing shoot), medium fruit load (two bunch per new bearing shoot) and low fruitload (one bunch per new bearing shoot). The results affected by increasing of fruit load showed that sugar content of fruit, mature of shoot and percentages of sprout in the following year were decresed. So, adult health trees with 12 sticks and 3 traits of fruit every stick is more reasonable for Granoir in the actual production.
The weight of single fruit partical was 1.31g; the contents of reducing suger, total acid, tannin, pigment and total phenols were respectively 193.27g/L, 8.27 g/L, 1.422 g/L, .254 g/L, 1.768 g/L, juice yield was 63.53% and the production number is about 16500kg/hm. The effects of different numbers of leaves on fruiting woods on the qualities of Granoir showed that sugar, total phenols content, total anthocyan content, the average cluster and berry weight by the leaf number increasing of every fruitingwood was decresed .In the actual production, every fruiting woods with the leaf number of 16 to 18 is more reasonable.
Research on the influence of Granoir fruit quality by bagging, the results are that covering with bag can have significant influence on the grape fruit appearance, it can also decrease total acid content and rate of diseased fruit,but the content of sugar, total phenols content decreased.
引文
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